Jacira Guiro Marino

O conhecimento sobre Aids de homens idosos e adultos jovens: um estudo sobre a percepção desta doença

The scope was to compare awareness of elderly males and young adults about aids, taking education into consideration. By means of an epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study, the information of 30 elderly males and 62 young adults about the concept, transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of aids was investigated by structured interviews based on a standardized and validated questionnaire. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test or Fishers exact test, as well as Students t test or the Mann-Whitney test were used, with a significance level of 0.05 for contingency and variance analysis. The Mantel-Haenszel test with a significance level of 0.05 and Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine scholarship influence. Individual perception of good health was greater among young adults (61.3% vs 43.3% for elderly) and major sexual activity for elderly males was detected (80% vs 62.9% of young adults). Nevertheless, the elderly males declared adequate knowledge about aids less frequently (26.7% vs 80.6% of young adults); prior HIV test (13.3% vs 24.2% of young adults) and receiving orientation about aids (36.7% vs 98.4% of young adults). Elderly males had insufficient information on HIV/aids, when compared with young adults, highlighting the need to pay closer attention to the elderly population.

When is statistical significance not significant

The article provides a non-technical introduction to the p value statistics. Its main purpose is to help researchers make sense of the appropriate role of the p value statistics in empirical political science research. On methodological grounds, we use replication, simulations and observational data to show when statistical significance is not significant. We argue that: (1) scholars must always graphically analyze their data before interpreting the p value; (2) it is pointless to estimate the p value for non-random samples; (3) the p value is highly affected by the sample size, and (4) it is pointless to estimate the p value when dealing with data on population.

Association between social deprivation and causes of mortality among elderly residents in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil

This paper aims to analyze mortality among elderly residents in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, and its association with social deprivation (hardship) in the year 2000. An ecological study was performed, and 94 neighborhoods and 5 social strata were analyzed. The independent variable consisted of a composite social deprivation indicator, obtained for each neighborhood and calculated through a scoring technique based on census variables: water supply, sewage, illiteracy, and head-of-households years of schooling and income. The dependent variables were: mortality rate in individuals > 60 years of age and cause-specific mortality rates. The association was calculated by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, and mortality odds between social deprivation strata formed by grouping of neighborhoods according to the indicators quintiles. The data show a statistically significant positive correlation between social deprivation and mortality in the elderly from pneumonia, protein-energy malnutrition, tuberculosis, diarrhea/gastroenteritis, and traffic accidents, and a negative correlation with deaths from bronchopulmonary and breast cancers.

Idosos: associação entre o conhecimento da aids, atividade sexual e condições sociodemográficas

PURPOSE: To verify the association between knowledge of Aids, sexual activity and social-demographic conditions in aged participants of a permanent education program at Brazil Northeast University. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, carried through from March to July 2006, included a sample of 165 aged people, by a simple non randomized sampling. Data collection was made with a half-structuralized interview. Aids knowledge was the dependent variable and included concept of illness, prevention, transmission, etiological agent, existence of treatment and cure impossibility. Socio-demographic data and sexual activity corresponded to the independent variable. For statistical analysis, with SPSS software, version 13.0, Pearson independence X² test and Kendall X² test were performed, adopting p< 0.05 for rejection of null hypothesis. RESULTS: Incomplete or incoherent answers of Aids knowledge and transmission corresponded to 71.5% and 52.7%, respectively. Condom use for prevention was reported by 56,9%, approximately 66% referred treatment existence for Aids and 66.7%, absence of cure. The etiological agent was identified by 64%. Socio-demographic data and sexual activity data were: age 59.3% (60-69 years), schoolarship 72% (more than 9 years of study), civil status 34.5% (married), income 45.5% (2-4 minimum wages), 24.8% with sexual activity. There was significant association (p< 0.01) between Aids knowledge and scholar level. CONCLUSIONS: Although these results cannot be generalized for the aged population, one can assume that level of knowledge on Aids is still precarious and distinguished by scholar level.

Perfil de pacientes idosos e tempo de permanência em ambulatório geronto-geriátrico

Objective: To identify the profile of aged outpatients attended at the Nucleo de Atencao ao Idoso and the variables that interfere on duration of stay in the service. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried through, based on the analysis of 1,194 medical reports of aged outpatients attended from 2000 up to 2004. The variables were: socio-demographic data, clinical registers in medical evaluation and duration of stay of the aged outpatients at the clinic. A logistic regression was performed to analyze the relation between clinical variables and time of stay. Results: Women (76.5%) were more numerous than men (23.5%), in all age intervals. According to scholarship, 12.9% were illiterate and the most prevalent category (37.1%) had incomplete first degree. The number of aged widower women (38%) was three times those of widower men (12%). The majority of aged (94.4%) had a company of housing and 84.4% did not have health plan. The mean duration of stay in the service was 2 years and 8 months, with standard deviation of 1.5 years. The variables with major influence on duration of stay were: age, dizziness complaints, refractive, hearing and urinary disturbances, cataract, and bone fractures. Conclusions: According to the logistic regression, surgical history, hearing and urinary disturbances, as well as bone fractures contributed to increase duration of stay, but dizziness complaints, refractive disturbances and cataract reduced the stay of the elderly in the service.