Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima

Desempenho agronômico da cenoura adubada com jitirana antes de sua semeadura

The scarlet starglory is an herbaceous plant native that is presented as a potential source for green manure in the semi-arid northeast of Brazil, and generates many benefits, especially the increased availability of nutrients for crops. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of carrot fertilized with scarlet starglory before carrot sowing. An experiment was conducted at the teaching garden of the Plant Sciences Department, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro-RN, from September to December 2008. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with 3 replications. The first factor was composed of the quantities of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil (5.4; 8.8; 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis), and the second factor by the times of scarlet starglory incorporation into the soil (0; 10; 20 and 30 days before sowing of carrot - DBS). The additional treatment (control) was fertilized with 80 t ha-1 of cattle manure. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, leaf number per plant, dry mass of shoot, commercial productivity, scrap productivity, classified productivity. There was no significant interaction between the quantities of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil and its times of incorporation before carrot sowing on any of those evaluated characteristics. The highest productive performance of carrot was obtained in the amount of 15.6 t ha-1 of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil at the time of 20 days prior to the carrot planting time.

Produção de beterraba fertilizada com jitirana em diferentes doses e tempos de incorporação ao solo

This study was conducted from July to November 2009, at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil, to assess the production of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fertilized with scarlet starglory (Merremia aegyptia L.) at different doses and times of soil incorporation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial, with three replicates and 72 plants per plot, where the first factor consisted of the doses of scarlet starglory (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15. 6 t ha-1 on dry basis), the second one by the times of soil incorporation (0, 10, 20, and 30 days after sowing - DAS), and additional treatment with 80 t ha-1 of cattle manure. The sugar beet cultivar grown was Early Wonder. The best productive performance for sugar beet was obtained in the dose of 15.6 t ha-1 of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil at time 0 day. Economic indicators in the dose of scarlet starglory of 15.6 t ha-1 at time 0 day of its incorporation into the soil were higher than those obtained with the use of 80 t ha-1 of cattle manure. The cultivation of sugar beet is agro-economically viable with the use of scarlet starglory as green manure.

Qualidade de raízes de cenoura em sistemas consorciados com alface sob diferentes densidades populacionais

The experiment was carried out from June to September 2003, in Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the quality of carrot roots (cv. Brasilia) in intercropped systems with lettuce (cv. Taina) under different planting densities. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of four carrot-planting densities [(40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the recommended sole crop density (RSCD)] with four lettuce-planting densities (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of RSCD). The evaluated quality characteristics of the carrot roots were: titrable total acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars (TSU), pH, and TSS/TSS ratio, besides commercial productivity of carrot roots and lettuce yield. There was a significant interaction between carrot planting-densities and lettuce-planting densities on TSS of carrot roots. The TTS content and pH increased with increasing carrot-planting densities. Commercial productivity of carrot roots and lettuce yield also increased with increasing in planting densities. The variation in the carrot planting density did not influence lettuce yield but the variation in the lettuce planting density negatively influenced commercial productivity of carrot roots. Among the assessed characteristics, TSS and TSS were significantly correlated with commercial productivity, showing that these traits may be representative of carrot root quality.

Productive and economic efficiency of carrot intercropped with cowpea-vegetable resulting from green manure and different spatial arrangements

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of intercropping carrot with cowpea-vegetable in relation to the amounts of biomass of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (known locally as flor-de-seda) incorporated into the soil, and to different spatial arrangements. The study was carried out under field conditions from August to November of 2014, at the Experimental Farm ‘Rafael Fernandes’ of the Rural Federal University of the Semi-Arid (RFUSA), in Mossoro, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomised complete blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial, consisting of a combination of four different amounts of flor-de-seda biomass incorporated into the soil (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 of dry matter) and three spatial arrangements for the crop rows (2 x 2, 3 x 3 and 4 x 4). The carrot and cowpea cultivars used were ꞌBrasiliaꞌ and ꞌBRS Itaimꞌ. The characteristics under evaluation in the carrot were total, commercial and classified root production (scrap, short, medium and long). For the cowpea-vegetable, the following were evaluated: number, productivity and dry matter weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight and yield of green grains. The agro-economic efficiency indices evaluated in the intercropping were: land equivalent ratio for the system and partial land equivalent ratios for the crops, monetary advantage and modified monetary advantage. The greatest agro-economic efficiency with the intercrop system was recorded in the biomass amount of 30 t ha-1 flor-de-seda. The 2 x 2 spatial arrangement resulted in greater system efficiency. The use of flor-de-seda as green manure is economically viable for the farmer when intercrop carrot with cowpea-vegetable.

Efeito da salinidade na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de flamboyant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations in irrigation water on the emergence and initial development of flamboyant (Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiarido - UFERSA, Mossoro-RN. The statistical design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates, each with 25 seeds. The treatments consisted of salt concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1), obtained by adding NaCl to water so that the solutions were calibrated to the pre-established electrical conductivity values. The variables measured were: percentage of seedling emergence, rate of emergence, leaf area, seedling height, number of leaves, root length and shoot dry weight. Salinity negatively affects all variables directly proportional to its increase in the irrigation water, with the greatest seedling development at a dose of 0.5 dS m-1.

EFICIÊNCIA TÉCNICO-ECONÔMICA DO RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS VERDES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI FERTILIZADO COM FLOR-DE-SEDA

This study aimed to determine the doses of maximum agronomic and economic efficiency as a function of different amounts of roostertree [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.] biomass added to the soil, that results in the maximum yield of green grains of cowpea in the semi-arid of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the “Rafael Fernandes” Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Alagoinha, RN, from August to November 2013. In the experiment was used a randomized completely block design with 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of 20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha -1 (on a dry matter basis) of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The evaluated characteristics were: number of green pods per m, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and dry mass of green grains. The following economic indicators were determined: gross and net incomes, production operational costs, rate of return, and profit margin. The maximum agronomic efficiency of the yield of cowpea green grain was reached at the yield of 3.05 t ha, using 61.0 t ha of roostertree biomass in the soil. The maximum economic efficiency yielded a net income of R

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DO SISTEMA CONSORCIADO DE CENOURA E FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB DIFERENTES ARRANJOS ESPACIAIS E DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS

8,701.42, at the production of 3.02 t ha green grains with 53.57 t ha of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The use of roostertree as a green manure presents technical-economic feasibility in cowpea cultivation for green grains in the semi-arid conditions of Rio Grande do Norte.

POLICULTIVOS DE COENTRO, CENOURA E RÚCULA EM CONSÓRCIO EM FAIXAS

Spatial arrangement and population density of component cultures, when well structured, may contribute to increased crop yields relative to monocultures. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and cowpea in an intercropping system under different spatial arrangements and population densities. This research was conducted on the “Rafael Fernandes” experimental farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, where the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, in which the first factor was three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) and the second factor was four different population densities of cowpea (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of the recommended population in the single crop [RPSC]). Rooster tree Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br., a spontaneous species of the ‘Caatinga’ biome, was used as fertilizer. The characteristics evaluated in carrot were as follows: total and commercial productivity of roots and classified root production. The following characteristics were evaluated for cowpea: number of pods per square meter, length and yield of green pods, number of grains per pod, 100grain weight, and yield of green grains. The modified monetary advantage was used to evaluate the feasibility of the intercropped systems. Spatial arrangements between the component cultures did not influence the agroeconomic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping system. The highest agro-economic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping was obtained in the population of cowpea, which was 42% of the RPSC.

Agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of Calotropis procera, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops

The objective of this research was to evaluate combinations of cultivars of coriander and arugula in two croppings with cultivars of carrot in a strip-intercropping system. The study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 2 x 2 x 2 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars of coriander (Verdão and Português) with two cultivars of carrot (Brasília and Esplanada) and two cultivars of arugula (Cultivada and Folha Larga) in a strip-intercropping system plus two additional treatments, where the first represents the cultivars in monocropping and the second the cultivation types (monocropping and intercropping). The characteristics evaluated in the coriander and arugula were green mass yield and shoot dry mass. The following were evaluated in carrot: shoot dry mass, dry mass of roots, total and commercial productivity, and classified productivity of roots. In the intercropping system, the agronomic indices of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable were evaluated. The economic efficiency indicators determined were gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, monetary advantage, and modified monetary advantage. There was no significant interaction among the cultivars of coriander, carrot, and arugula for coriander and arugula green mass yields, and for total and commercial productivities of carrot roots. The best polyculture was of that involved in the cultivars ―Português,‖ ―Esplanada,‖ and ―Cultivada‖.

Optimum plot size of planting and bio-agroeconomic revenues from arugula-carrot intercropping systems in a semi-arid region

The integration of research emphasizing sustainable development, employment, income generation and food security has been highlighted in the media. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of roostertree, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of four amounts of C. procera incorporated in the soil (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor of three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) in two cropping seasons. Radish samples were evaluated for plant height, dry mass of shoots, total and commercial productivity of roots, productivity of scrap roots, and dry mass of roots, while in cowpea, vegetation was assessed for length of green pods, number of pods per square meter, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and yield and dry mass of green grains. The economic indicators of monetary advantage and modified monetary advantage were used in the evaluation of efficiency. A greater agro-economic responsiveness of the intercropping of radish and cowpea crops was obtained with the incorporation of 56.44 t ha-1 of C. procera. The spatial arrangements of 3:3 and 4:4 had better agronomic and economic responsiveness. The association between radish and cowpea is feasible when the crops are fertilized with C. procera.