Maiele Leandro da Silva

Atributos microbiológicos do solo e produtividade de rabanete influenciados pelo uso de espécies espontâneas

O uso de especies espontâneas da Caatinga como adubos verdes e uma tecnica de manejo alternativa para a producao de hortalicas no Nordeste do Brasil, mas ainda escassas sao as informacoes. O presente trabalho foi realizado de outubro a dezembro de 2009 em Mossoro-RN com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de tres especies espontâneas da Caatinga em diferentes doses de biomassa nos atributos microbiologicos do solo e na produtividade do rabanete. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes, sendo os tratamentos compostos de tres especies da Caatinga [jitirana (Merremia aegyptia); mata-pasto (Senna uniflora) e flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera)] utilizadas em cinco doses de massa seca (5,4; 8,8; 12,2; 15,6 e 21,0 t ha-1). As caracteristicas microbiologicas avaliadas no solo foram o numero de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) de actinomicetos, fungos e bacterias e no rabanete foram as produtividades total e comercial, massa seca de raizes, massa seca da parte aerea e percentagens de raizes comercial e refugo. O crescimento dos microorganismos no solo nao foi influenciado pelas especies estudadas, mas houve aumento no numero de UFC de microrganismos com as doses aplicadas (1,025 x 104 para actinomicetos; 7,995 x 102 para fungos e 7,841 x 106 para bacterias). As maiores produtividades total e comercial e massa seca da parte aerea do rabanete foram obtidas com 21,0 t ha-1 de biomassa de jitirana. As maiores percentagens de raizes comercial e refugo do rabanete foram registradas nas especies jitirana e mata-pasto. As percentagens maxima de raizes comercial e minima de raizes refugo foram obtidas com a incorporacao de 21,0 t ha-1 de biomassa dos adubos verdes.

Produção de beterraba fertilizada com jitirana em diferentes doses e tempos de incorporação ao solo

This study was conducted from July to November 2009, at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil, to assess the production of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fertilized with scarlet starglory (Merremia aegyptia L.) at different doses and times of soil incorporation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial, with three replicates and 72 plants per plot, where the first factor consisted of the doses of scarlet starglory (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15. 6 t ha-1 on dry basis), the second one by the times of soil incorporation (0, 10, 20, and 30 days after sowing - DAS), and additional treatment with 80 t ha-1 of cattle manure. The sugar beet cultivar grown was Early Wonder. The best productive performance for sugar beet was obtained in the dose of 15.6 t ha-1 of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil at time 0 day. Economic indicators in the dose of scarlet starglory of 15.6 t ha-1 at time 0 day of its incorporation into the soil were higher than those obtained with the use of 80 t ha-1 of cattle manure. The cultivation of sugar beet is agro-economically viable with the use of scarlet starglory as green manure.

EFICIÊNCIA TÉCNICO-ECONÔMICA DO RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS VERDES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI FERTILIZADO COM FLOR-DE-SEDA

This study aimed to determine the doses of maximum agronomic and economic efficiency as a function of different amounts of roostertree [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.] biomass added to the soil, that results in the maximum yield of green grains of cowpea in the semi-arid of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the “Rafael Fernandes” Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Alagoinha, RN, from August to November 2013. In the experiment was used a randomized completely block design with 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of 20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha -1 (on a dry matter basis) of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The evaluated characteristics were: number of green pods per m, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and dry mass of green grains. The following economic indicators were determined: gross and net incomes, production operational costs, rate of return, and profit margin. The maximum agronomic efficiency of the yield of cowpea green grain was reached at the yield of 3.05 t ha, using 61.0 t ha of roostertree biomass in the soil. The maximum economic efficiency yielded a net income of R

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DO SISTEMA CONSORCIADO DE CENOURA E FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB DIFERENTES ARRANJOS ESPACIAIS E DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS

8,701.42, at the production of 3.02 t ha green grains with 53.57 t ha of roostertree biomass added to the soil. The use of roostertree as a green manure presents technical-economic feasibility in cowpea cultivation for green grains in the semi-arid conditions of Rio Grande do Norte.

EFEITO DO ADUBO VERDE FLOR-DE-SEDA NO SISTEMA CONSORCIADO DE CENOURA E ALFACE

Spatial arrangement and population density of component cultures, when well structured, may contribute to increased crop yields relative to monocultures. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and cowpea in an intercropping system under different spatial arrangements and population densities. This research was conducted on the “Rafael Fernandes” experimental farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, where the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, in which the first factor was three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) and the second factor was four different population densities of cowpea (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of the recommended population in the single crop [RPSC]). Rooster tree Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br., a spontaneous species of the ‘Caatinga’ biome, was used as fertilizer. The characteristics evaluated in carrot were as follows: total and commercial productivity of roots and classified root production. The following characteristics were evaluated for cowpea: number of pods per square meter, length and yield of green pods, number of grains per pod, 100grain weight, and yield of green grains. The modified monetary advantage was used to evaluate the feasibility of the intercropped systems. Spatial arrangements between the component cultures did not influence the agroeconomic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping system. The highest agro-economic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping was obtained in the population of cowpea, which was 42% of the RPSC.

EFICIÊNCIA AGRONÔMICA DO CONSÓRCIO ALFACE-RÚCULA FERTILIZADO COM FLOR-DE-SEDA

Intercropping is a cropping system that involves cultivating two or more crops in the same area with different cycles and vegetative architectures. One of the ways to increase productivity and efficiency in this cropping system is through green manuring and by properly considering crop combinations, cultivation timing, and planting configuration of the component crops. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and lettuce intercropping systems under different amounts of rooster tree biomass incorporated into the soil and under different spatial arrangements. The study was conducted at the experimental farm Rafael Fernandes, RN, Brazil, in the period from September 2012 to January 2013, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with twelve treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four rooster tree biomass amounts incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha on a dry basis) with three predetermined spatial arrangements between the component crops (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), which correspond to the rows of carrot alternating with the rows of lettuce. The agronomic performance of the carrot and lettuce intercropping system was optimized in the amount of approximately 46.36 t ha of rooster tree incorporated into the soil. There was no influence of the spatial arrangements on the agronomic efficiency of the carrot and lettuce intercropping. The use of rooster tree as green manure is agronomically viable in intercropped systems of carrot and lettuce.