Jalison Lopes

Características bromatológicas, fermentativas e população de leveduras de silagens de cana-de-açúcar acrescidas de ureia e aditivos absorventes de umidade

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilizacao de aditivos sobre as caracteristicas fermentativas e bromatologicas e a populacao de leveduras da silagem de cana-de-acucar. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. Foram testadas diferentes quantidades de aditivos a cana-de-acucar no momento da ensilagem (com base na materia verde da forragem): 1,5% ureia; 0,5 ureia + 4% de milho; 0,5 ureia + 4% de mandioca desidratada; 1,5% de amireia e cana-de-acucar controle. A cana-de-acucar da variedade RB-72454, com 18 meses de rebrota, foi armazenada em silos experimentais de concreto com capacidade de 500 kg durante 180 dias. Foram avaliados os teores de materia seca, proteina bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente acido, carboidratos nao-fibrosos, cinzas, pH, nitrogenio amoniacal e lignina e a contagem de leveduras. O maior teor de materia seca e o menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro sao obtidos com a associacao de ureia e milho, que melhora o padrao fermentativo na silagem.

Chemical and fermentative changes during the storage period of the sugar cane silage with or without ground dried ear corn.

The chemical and fermentative changes of the sugar cane ensiled without or with (control) ground dried ear corn (GDEC) were evaluated during 100 days of storage period. The pH values, buffer capacity (BC), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HM) ammonia nitrogen in relation to the total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design as a factorial (2 × 21) scheme with three replications. The factor A was composed of sugar cane silage with or without GDEC, and the factor B was the 21 storage periods. The data were submitted to the regression analyses. The pH values decreased in the first five days of storage, from 5.2 to 3.5 and from 5.2 to 3.6, respectively on the silage without and with GDEC. Silages with GDEC showed higher pH values when compared to the control, on average of 0.09 units. The inclusion of GDEC resulted in higher N-NH3/TN values in all storage periods. In the control silage, the reduction on the DM content was 14.1 units and 8.8 units for those with GDEC. The inclusion of GDEC resulted in the reduction of 17.0 units in the NDF, probably due to the low fiber content of the additive. Sugar cane silage presents chemical changes up to 100 days of storage, and should not remain stored for long periods.The chemical and fermentative changes of the sugar cane ensiled without or with (control) ground dried ear corn (GDEC) were evaluated during 100 days of storage period. The pH values, buffer capacity (BC), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HM) ammonia nitrogen in relation to the total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design as a factorial (2 × 21) scheme with three replications. The factor A was composed of sugar cane silage with or without GDEC, and the factor B was the 21 storage periods. The data were submitted to the regression analyses. The pH values decreased in the first five days of storage, from 5.2 to 3.5 and from 5.2 to 3.6, respectively on the silage without and with GDEC. Silages with GDEC showed higher pH values when compared to the control, on average of 0.09 units. The inclusion of GDEC resulted in higher N-NH3/TN values in all storage periods. In the control silage, the reduction on the DM content was 14.1 units and 8.8 units for those with GDEC. The inclusion of GDEC resulted in the reduction of 17.0 units in the NDF, probably due to the low fiber content of the additive. Sugar cane silage presents chemical changes up to 100 days of storage, and should not remain stored for long periods.

Valor nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar acrescida de uréia e aditivos absorventes de umidade

The research aimed to evaluate the use of additives on the nutritional value of the sugarcane silage. Treatments were expressed by additive type and amount added to the sugarcane silage at ensiling (fresh matter basis), as follows: urea 1.5%; urea 0.5% and corn meal 4%; urea 0.5% and dehydrated cassava 4%; starea 1.5%; sugar cane only. Sugarcane variety RB-72454, at 18 months of regrowth was stored for 180 days in experimental concrete silos (500 kg capacity). An in vivo digestibility trial was carried out using a complete randomized block design. Five sheeps with an average weight of 36.5 kg were housed in individual metabolic cages simultaneously to silage unloading. Data from four crop periods were used to form the blocks. Voluntary intake of the DM, CP, NDF, TDN, and digestibility of DM, NDF, NFC, CP and N retention were evaluated. In general, silage additives increased nutritional value showing higher intake and better CP digestibility.

Doses de fósforo no estabelecimento de capim-xaraés e estilosantes Mineirão em consórcio

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of phosphorus on the establishment of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes mixed. The experiment was installed in an area of 8,000 m2, divided into 24 plots of 333.3 m2. The phosphorus doses utilized in the establishment of pasture were 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of P2O5. The evaluations were made 65 days after sowing. The experimental design was a randomized blocks design with three replications and the treatment with two replicates per block. The highest rates of increase in the length of the leaf blade and tillering of Xaraes grass, leaflet length, leaflet width and height of the legume occurred from 25 to 50 kg/ha of P2O5. The highest rates of increase in the width of the leaf blade and tiller height of Xaraes grass occurred from 25 to 100 kg/ha of P2O5. Number of plants of Mineirao stylo was higher with fertilization with 44 kg/ha of P2O5 and decreased drastically with phosphate. Phosphate fertilizers establishing 44 kg/ha P2O5 provide better establishment of the intercropped pasture. Nevertheless, further studies are required to determine the degree of compatibility between the two species and the viability of intercropping. Application of growing levels of phosphorus in an intercropping system provides increase in the rates of accumulation of dry matter of Xaraes grass and accumulation of total dry matter during the first dry period post-establishment of the pasture.

VALOR NUTRITIVO DO ESTILOSANTES MINEIRÃO EM FUNÇÃO DA CORREÇÃO DO SOLO

The main expectation for using leguminous plants in pastures is improving animal production and reducing production costs . This research was carried out in a greenhouse, in order to evaluate the effect of two soil acidity correctives and P rates on P, Ca, Mg, Si, raw protein (RP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) contents of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao. A randomized blocks design was used in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with five P rates (50 mg dm -3 , 100 mg dm -3 , 200 mg dm -3 , 400 mg dm -3 , and 800 mg dm -3 of soil) and two soil correctives (lime and Ca and Mg silicate), with three replications. Both lime and silicate applications, previously to the phosphate fertilization, assured P , Mg, Ca, RP, NDF, and ADF contents, in plants of Mineirao, compatible with good performances of grazing animals. The increase in the silicon content in Mineirao, resulting from silicate application, did not reduce the IVDMD. The substitution of lime by Ca and Mg silicate did not affect the nutritional value of the Mineirao subjected to phosphorus rates.