Jan Oosterhaven

Annual Report 2008

Ukupan broj prijavljenih vlasnika i uzgajivaca u Sredisnjem registru kopitara Republike Hrvatske kojeg vodi Hrvatski centar za konjogojstvo-Državna ergela Lipik, od njegovog utemeljenja do 31.12.2008. godine iznosi 5.894. Od ukupnog broja kroz godine prijavljenih uzgajivaca/vlasnika u 2008. godini aktivno je 3.654 odnosno 62% uzgajivaca/vlasnika konja

Exiopol - Development And Illustrative Analyses Of A Detailed Global Mr Ee Sut/Iot

EXIOPOL (A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input–Output Tools for Policy Analysis) was a European Union (EU)-funded project creating a detailed, global, multiregional environmentally extended Supply and Use table (MR EE SUT) of 43 countries, 129 sectors, 80 resources, and 40 emissions. We sourced primary SUT and input–output tables from Eurostat and non-EU statistical offices. We harmonized and detailed them using auxiliary national accounts data and co-efficient matrices. Imports were allocated to countries of exports using United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database trade shares. Optimization procedures removed imbalances in these detailing and trade linking steps. Environmental extensions were added from various sources. We calculated the EU footprint of final consumption with resulting MR EE SUT. EU policies focus mainly on energy and carbon footprints. We show that the EU land, water, and material footprint abroad is much more relevant, and should be prioritized in the EUs environmental product and trade policies.

The Solution of Updating or Regionalizing a Matrix with both Positive and Negative Entries

Normally, when updating or regionalizing input-output matrices with negative entries, the negative numbers are first brought outside the matrix, then the matrix is updated or regionalized, then the negative numbers are added back to the result. This is theoretically, and sometimes also empirically, a rather unsatisfactory procedure. This paper proposes a theoretically sound alternative for the presently used ad hoc procedure. Based on the first-order conditions of a restated information loss problem, we generalize the RAS-procedure using reciprocals of the exponential transformations of the related Lagrange multipliers. The diagonal matrices that update or regionalize a given matrix optimally are the solutions of a fixed-point problem. To derive a numerical solution, the paper presents the GRAS-algorithm, which is illustrated in terms of a simple updating example.

Net Multipliers Avoid Exaggerating Impacts: With A Bi-Regional Illustration for the Dutch Transportation Sector

Industries often promote their interests by arguing that they have a big impact on the rest of the economy. This poses the question of how to measure the importance of an activity. To answer this, the literature often uses (regional) input-output analysis. This paper critically reviews the traditional use of multipliers in such cases. To avoid double-counting impacts and to solve related conceptual problems, the net multiplier concept is introduced. This net multiplier is illustrated empirically for the Dutch transport sector using a Type II biregional input-output model for the Netherlands.

A FAMILY OF SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR INTERREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES AND MODELS

Abstract This paper formulates a large family of different square and rectangular (inter)regional input-output accounting frameworks. Most of the members of this family prove to have a consistent square or rectangular (inter)regional input-output model. Besides some disadvantages, the rectangular members prove to have important advantages over the square members of the family. Hence, it is concluded that the traditional dominance of the square format is unjustified. Moreover, the existence of a whole family implies that an explicit consideration of the choice of accounting framework is necessary. It is argued that, in making this choice, one should strive for an optimal and consistent mix between the assumptions made in the table construction phase and those made when building the corresponding model.

European Technology, Trade and Income Changes for 1975–85: An Intercountry Input–Output Decomposition

This paper refines, develops and applies input-output (IO) decomposition analysis: by providing it with a unique intercountry perspective, by concentrating on explaining income growth, and by systematically separating the effects of trade structure changes from the effects of technology and preference changes. The resulting matrix formula distinguishes six components and is applied to a set of European Community (EC) intercountry IO tables for 1975 and 1985 with 25 sectors and eight EC countries. Because GDP growth is analyzed in nominal terms, macro-economic demand growth is found to be the most important component. The other five components relate to the effects of coefficient changes. Their sizes are smaller, but significant and widely different between sectors and countries, which shows that there is clear potential for effective sector policies.

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multi-sectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The “potentials” approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.

REGIONAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NETHERLANDS: EVIDENCE OF AGGLOMERATION AND CONGESTION EFFECTS*

This paper studies the impact of localization, urbanization, and diversification on regional labor productivity levels and growth. We find substantial effects, accounting for roughly half of the explained variation in the labor productivity differences within the Netherlands in the 1990s. Diversification, urbanization, and localization effects are significant and positive for productivity levels. These levels appear cointegrated. The error correction specification of productivity growth surprisingly reflects negative agglomeration effects. From the theoretical model it follows that congestion effects must have taken precedence over agglomeration effects during this period. Both agglomeration and congestion effects are dampened by job density in neighboring regions. Finally, policy simulations with the estimated model show that spatial concentration is more harmful to national productivity growth than spatial dispersion.

Estimating international interindustry linkages : Non-survey simulations of the Asian-Pacific economy

This paper evaluates a recently published semi-survey international input–output table for nine East-Asian countries and the USA with four non-survey estimation alternatives. A new generalized RAS procedure is used with stepwise increasing information from both import and export statistics as optimisation constraints on the four non-survey tables. The results show that the estimated table improves when increasing information from both sources is used, despite the well known inconsistencies between import and export data in trade statistics. It is concluded that the new procedure can be useful as a critical analysis of newly published (semi-)survey international tables and/or as an early updating tool during the construction process.

Constructing regional supply and use tables: Dutch experiences

At present, two major and seemingly contrasting developments are visible: the increasing degree of economic integration between nations and the growing interest in regional economic development. The former development culminated in a wide variety of economic co-operations such as the creation of the EU in Europe and NAFTA in North America. The former resulted in all kinds of economic aid for ‘economically less developed’ regions, such as the objective 1, 2 and 5b programs of the EU (Commission of the European Communities, 1991 and 1994). The (renewed) interest in regions also increases the need for empirical data on regional economic performance and regional economic structure. In recent years this data need has been fulfilled by all kinds of statistics, ranging from income data to regional economic data on industrial production and value added. However, with eligibility criteria for economic aid being constantly tightened, the need for regional economic structure and performance analysis increases simultaneously. Besides, the need for modeling regional economies has grown stronger in recent years. Hence, more suitable and flexible statistics for all of these purposes have to be developed.