Jardel Boscardin

First Report of Heilipodus dorsosulcatus (Boheman, 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a Plantation of Eucalyptus L'Héritier in Brazil

Plantations of Eucalyptus L’Héritier constitute the largest area of planted forests in Brazil. These plantations currently occupy 4.156 million hectares. The plantations contribute significantly to the forestry sector of the Brazilian economy and account for 3.4% of the gross national product (ABRAF 2009). However, plantations of Eucalyptus are susceptible to damaging attacks from leaf-eating beetles. Such attacks can reduce the productivity of the forest. In this group, beetles of the family Curculionidae are prominent. Two noteworthy examples are the non-native species Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Anjos and Majer 2003) and the native species belonging to the genus Naupactus Dejean (Silva et al. 1968). According to recent reports, curculionid population outbreaks have damaged Eucalyptus buds in Brazil. In particular, Heilipodus naevulus (Mannerheim, 1836) and Chalcodermus bicolor Fielder, 1936 (Matrangolo et al. 2008; Souza et al. 2011) have been involved in these outbreaks. The reports of native curculionids on Eucalyptus may reflect the fact that this plant genus belongs to the family Myrtaceae, whose members commonly serve as hosts for weevils (Oglobin 1935). The objective of our study was to record the occurrence of a native curculionid on Eucalyptus and to characterize its damage to buds in young plants. An insect attack was observed in November 2010 on three-month-old buds in stands of Eucalyptus salignaSmith (7.1 ha) and hybrid clones ofEucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden (6.5 ha). These stands were located in the Horto Florestal Barba Negra (30°21′7′′S 51°14′52′′W), municipality of Barra do Ribeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The insect was identified as Heilipodus dorsosulcatus (Boheman, 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Hylobiini) by Prof. Dr. Germano H. Rosado Neto of the Federal University of Paraná. Heilipodus dorsosulcatus is approximately 12 mm long and is almost uniformly black. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Padre Jesus S. Moure Entomology Collection, in the Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (one male and one female under the registration number 0055/2011-RN). The rate of attack on the plants was 5% in the two stands. The damage included the buds falling off the tree and subsequently drying; additionally, the leaves remained attached to the bud. This damage was caused by the adult perforating the branch and consuming the internal tissue, which led to the bud falling (Fig. 1). Both the side buds and the main bud of a single plant can be cut. Therefore, in the event of a large population outbreak of H. dorsosulcatus, the cutting of the main bud may significantly affect growth and production and lead to the development of poor-quality trees. This outcome has been reported by Mendes (2004) and De Nadai (2008), who studied the consequences of bud loss in eucalyptus trees and investigated bud loss caused by the damaging action of leaf-eating Chrysomelidae and Buprestidae, respectively. According to Wibmer and O’Brien (1986), 85 species ofHeilipodus Kuschel, 1955 occur in South America, with most species occurring in Brazil. Species of Heilipodus in Brazil have been reported damaging buds and young branches of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae), Anacardium occidentale

Leptocybe invasa em Eucalyptus sp. no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The present study reports the attack of the Eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The immature stages of L. invasa induce the growth of galls that can lead to defoliation of eucalyptus trees.

LEVANTAMENTO DA ENTOMOFAUNA EM PLANTIOS DE Eucalyptus spp. POR MEIO DE ARMADILHA LUMINOSA EM SÃO FRANCISCO DE ASSIS - RS

A cultura do eucalipto tornou-se uma importante atividade economica no Brasil, no entanto, com o aumento das areas de plantio, os problemas entomologicos tendem a aumentar nas mesmas proporcoes. Neste sentido, torna-se necessario o constante monitoramento dos insetos associados a esses sistemas de plantios homogeneos, buscando o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o levantamento populacional da entomofauna associada a plantios de Eucalyptus spp., em Sao Francisco de Assis - RS. As coletas foram realizadas por meio de armadilhas luminosas no periodo de julho de 2008 a agosto de 2009, em talhoes de tres anos de idade, com as especies: Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Os insetos coletados foram analisados atraves dos indices de frequencia, abundância, constância e diversidade. Realizou-se ainda a correlacao entre as especies-praga identificadas e as variaveis meteorologicas do periodo. Foram coletados 3.623 individuos distribuidos em oito ordens (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea e Odonata), identificando-se tres especies e tres generos de lepidopteros desfolhadores considerados de importância economica: Automeris illustris, Eupseudosoma sp., Sabulodes sp., Sarsina sp., Thyrinteina arnobia e Agrotis ipsilon. e a coleobroca Phoracantha semipunctata. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que existem especies-praga importantes da cultura de Eucalyptus ja estabelecidas na regiao, necessitando, portanto, de monitoramento constante para que estas especies nao ocasionem danos aos plantios.

Registro de Nystalea nyseus (CRAMER, 1775) em Eucalyptus saligna Smith no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

This research aimed to record the damage caused by Eucalyptus-defoliating caterpillars located in Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil. The specie was determined as Nystalea nyseus (CRAMER, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). The caterpillars of this species cause defoliation in Eucalyptus trees. This is the first record of Nystalea nyseus from Eucalyptus plantation in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

Avaliação de Inseticidas no Controle de Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) Percevejo-bronzeado em Condições de Laboratório

The study aimed to evaluate the control efficiency of insecticides on Thaumastocoris peregrinus in the laboratory conditions. Therefore, 15 plants of Eucalyptus dunnii received the follow field spray: imidacloprid (78.8g ai / ha), thiamethoxam (37.5g ai / ha), lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (21.2 + 25.8g ai / ha), lambda-cyhalothrin (24.9g ai / ha), and the untreated control only water. To determine the insecticides efficiency, we used a containment test, with E. dunnii leaves sprayed and collected at two different times. In the laboratory was used eight reps of leaves to adult and eight to nymphs by treatment individually placed in petri dishes; each repetition received 10 insect specimens. Assessments of alive insects were carried out at second, fourth, twentieth, twenty-fourth days after spray treatment (DAT). We conclude that the insecticides tested, on respective rate, presented efficient control of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults.

Aspectos do perfil discente do Curso Técnico em Paisagismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

The goal of this study was determinate same aspects of students profile of technical course in landscaping at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. To this end, it was applied a closed questionnaire for 16 and 24 students, respectively, from second and fourth semesters, of the course. It was verified that the age range is large, varying between 17 and 60 years old, with female predominance. About the schooling, majority of the students have only high school, with wish of continuous the studies and work in the landscaping area, possibly, by considering the course with great importance to their quality of life and society. The main motivation of the course is due a personal issues, and also, for the tradition and quality of the institution, reflecting the students satisfaction in relation to of technical course in landscaping. Key-words: professional education, vocational education, quality of live, socio-economic profile.

Fauna de Coleoptera Edáfica em Eucalipto sob Diferentes Sistemas de Controle Químico da Matocompetição

Eucalyptus grandis stands out as one of the most cultivated species in Brazil because of its productivity and wood quality. The objective of this study was to assess the edaphic coleopteran fauna in an initial planting of E. grandis under different systems of weed control in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, using pitfall traps. The treatments were based on the chemical control of weeds: total, in and between planting rows (CT); total, in the planting row (CL); monocotyledons, in and inter-rows (CM); dicotyledons, in and inter-rows (CD); control of one meter next to the planting row, leaving one meter between rows without control (CF); and without control (SC) . From March 2011 to August 2012, 1190 beetles of seven families were collected. There were differences between the edaphic coleopteran fauna captured in the evaluated treatments. The application of a smaller amount of herbicide maintains plant diversity, allowing greater diversity of beetle fauna in the area.

Fauna de Coleoptera Edáfica em Eucalipto sob Diferentes Sistemas de Controle Químico da Matocompetição / Edaphic Beetle Fauna in Eucalyptus Under Different Systems of Chemical Control of Weed Competition

Eucalyptus grandis stands out as one of the most cultivated species in Brazil because of its productivity and wood quality. The objective of this study was to assess the edaphic coleopteran fauna in an initial planting of E. grandis under different systems of weed control in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, using pitfall traps. The treatments were based on the chemical control of weeds: total, in and between planting rows (CT); total, in the planting row (CL); monocotyledons, in and inter-rows (CM); dicotyledons, in and inter-rows (CD); control of one meter next to the planting row, leaving one meter between rows without control (CF); and without control (SC) . From March 2011 to August 2012, 1190 beetles of seven families were collected. There were differences between the edaphic coleopteran fauna captured in the evaluated treatments. The application of a smaller amount of herbicide maintains plant diversity, allowing greater diversity of beetle fauna in the area.

Efeito do fogo sobre a riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associadas à Pinus elliottii Engelm. no sul do Brasil

This work aimed at assessing the effect of fire over an ant fauna associated to Pinus elliottii Engelm. The study was developed in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in an experimental area next to the Campus of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), in a 28-year-old plantation of an hectare of Pinus elliottii, spacing 2m x 2m, on which a fire happened in the end of November, 2008. One month later, an ant fauna sampling was initiated, being concluded in November, 2009. The method of interception of wandering insects has been used through soil traps without attraction, distributed in the center of the population, being prepared 10 traps in simple linear transection, in intervals of 10 meters that remained buried for 48 hours. After such period, the biological material was packed in plastic pots, transported to the laboratory for a triage, where the ants were separated into morphospecies and proceeded to identification. From the surveys, 25 ant species were found, distributed in eleven genera, eight tribes and four subfamilies. From these, the ones who presented the biggest occurrence frequencies in their respective subfamilies were Pseudomyrmex termitarius (46,7%), Acromyrmex crassispinus, and Pachycondyla striata (both with 35,8%), and Camponotus blandus(25,0%). Fire is an agent of environmental disturbance many times significant, causing positive and negative effects over the edaphic fauna. Its action might have caused a negative indirect effect over Crematogaster victimaand positive over Pseudomyrmex termitarius, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Pachycondyla striata and Camponotus blandus present in the understory of Pinus elliottii, after the fire.

Evaluation of soil fauna associated with litter in three forest types in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul

This study aimed to evaluate the soil fauna associated with litter in three forest types: native forest, Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. and Pinus elliottii Engelm. So, were installed, weekly, from September to November 2008, six pitfall traps containing preservative, exposed for a period of 48 hours. In the laboratory, the material collected in the traps was sorted and separated into taxonomic groups. For purposes of comparison to the chemical composition of litter, were removed from six samples of the same in each ecosystem, using a metal probe of 25 cm x 25 cm, this material being appropriately packaged and labeled, then at the laboratory, samples were dried, crushed, and the levels of certain macros (g kg-1) and micronutrients (mg kg-1) and after comparing the mean, statistically (t test, p <0.05). 1633 of arthropods, divided into 10 taxonomic groups, the highest abundance was found in bushland (46.8%). There was a greater dissimilarity between native forest, compared to arthropods collected in homogeneous stands composed of E. grandis and P. elliottii, and the latter had greater wealth (both with nine taxonomic groups), and diversity index H’ = 0.5345 and H’ = 0.530, respectively. The native forest also showed higher values for most macro and micronutrients found in burlap. Thus, from the results it appears that there is a relationship between arthropod abundance and concentrations of nutrients found in leaf litter, these values being higher in more heterogeneous environments, such as the native forest.