Jarosław Janus

A new approach to calculate the land fragmentation indicators taking into account the adjacent plots

Land fragmentation is a phenomenon which constitutes one of the biggest obstacles to profitable agricultural production. Measurable estimation of this phenomenon is possible by a number of known indicators, based on the surface area of parcels in the given area, their location in space and belonging to individual farms. This method of calculation of the indicators is inaccurate due to the phenomenon of neighbourhood of plots which belong to the same owners. For the purposes of calculating the ratios of actual fragmentation of land, these parcels should be treated as one complex. The article presents a proposal for the adjustment of existing methods of determination of the fragmentation of land indicators, taking into account these phenomena. The object of the research covered area of the voivodeship of Malopolska located in the southern part of Poland. Developed by the authors, method of calculation of land fragmentation indicators, based on complexes of land belonging to the same owners (complexes of plots aggregation), gives very good results in the evaluation of the intensity of the land fragmentation. Obtained in this way, indicator’s land fragmentation represents the real situation on the ground.

Shape and size of parcels and transport costs as a mixed integer programming problem in optimization of land consolidation

Abstract This article presents a new approach to the problem of optimization of land arrangement. The new element is the use of binary variables in the calculation model using the principles of linear programming. For this reason the optimization model can be classified into the category of mixed integer programming problems (MIP). The proposed optimization model takes into account a number of very important factors in the process of land consolidation, including map of the land diversification or the actual shape of the transportation network. That also implies taking into account the real, not the straight-lined distances between different parts of the model. The solution of the model is an arrangement of plots minimizing the costs associated with the cultivation of these plots, depending on their shapes and distances from homesteads. The value of the land of individual farms before and after the consolidation is preserved. Optimization model has been saved and executed in the environment of the GLPK (GNU Linear Programming Kit) software package. The presented method has been used to carry out the optimization process on the test object of the area of 587 hectares. The outcome is a new layout of plots in a form which meets all the technical requirements required in the real project process.

MKSCAl – system for land consolidation project based on CAD platform

Consolidation works are a complicated and lengthy set of legal, technical and administrative operations. IT tools used in this process are developed in many countries, and the scope of their functions is very wide: from a decision-making aid, through support in solving technical aspects, to assisting the evaluation of the effects of consolidation projects. Practically all existing solutions are based on GIS systems, which has many advantages but also imposes some limitations related to supporting typically geodetic aspects of these works. The article presents a different approach to implementing this kind of projects, which is based on CAD platform. It is used as an aid in various stages of land consolidation works in more or less half of the area of Poland.

Determining Consistency of Tillage Direction with Soil Erosion Protection Requirements as The Element of Decision-Making Process in Planning and Applying Land Consolidation

Water erosion is one of the factors which have negative effect on soil productivity. It often leads to irreversible soil degradation, making soil worthless for agricultural activities. One way of preventing water erosion is making the direction of cultivation perpendicular to the direction of rainwater run-off. Matching the direction with the shape of parcels boundaries in small and extended ones is often possible only through changes in the configuration of property boundaries, which is possible only in the process of land consolidation. The article presents methodology of qualifying the areas for changes in boundaries configuration and cultivation direction in view of existing erosion risk. A computation process was suggested that uses, among others, LIDAR data to model the terrain shape precisely as well as cadastral data that defines the geometry of parcels and, resulting from it, the direction of cultivation and form of use. The suggested process includes also the information on the texture of soil upper horizons from soil agricultural maps. The RUSLE erosion model was applied and the computation process took place in ArcGIS environment with the use of dedicated algorithms suggested and implemented to solve the formulated problem. Computations were conducted for test area of several hundred hectares which was characterized by vast diversity of soil types and landforms. The results prove the usefulness of the suggested method as an element of systems that support decision-making processes used in the stage of determining objects chosen for the realization of consolidating processes (including local consolidation, which covers only chosen fragment of a village). They can also be used in the stage of completing detailed plans of parcels distribution in land consolidation process. The importance of the method is particularly seen in the analysis of areas where land fragmentation indices are unfavourable. Especially in these cases, without the reorganization of boundaries, it is impossible to adapt the direction of cultivation to the requirements of protection against erosion.

Environmental Protection Tools in Agricultural Management Works

Land consolidation is a fundamental instrument for agricultural management. It facilitates comprehensive changes in the agricultural, social, and ecological domains. Consolidation and post-consolidation development-related investments are an opportunity to improve living conditions in rural areas, and simultaneously ensure its positive impact on the environment. One of the primary goals of consolidation, directly specified in the Act on land consolidation, is to improve farming conditions. In Poland, consolidation is possible due to EU funds: RDP 2007-2013 and RDP 2014-2020. In order for individual villages to be granted EU funds for consolidation and post-consolidation development under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, their consolidation has to implement actions with positive impact on the environment and the landscape. The goal of this paper is to analyse documentation in the form of assumptions for a land consolidation project enclosed to an RDP 2014-2020 grant application and project information sheets as the basis for environmental impact assessment in the context of detailed presentation of environmental protection solutions that ensure a positive impact of the project on the environment and landscape. The detailed study involved 9 villages in the Malopolskie Voivodeship, which applied for EU grants for land consolidation in the current financial perspective. The paper specifies the existing state of the analysed villages as regards the natural environment, lists agricultural management instruments that have a positive impact on the environment, and demonstrates that planning of actions aimed at environmental protection is a necessary element of assumptions for land consolidation projects.

ANALYSIS OF LAND CONFIGURATION OF ARABLE LANDS CASE STUDY OF MŚCIWOJÓW

Summary The article contains the results of research on arable land configuration in Mściwojow. To determine the basic qualities of land configuration the following software was employed: MKTopo GUTR, Plikpol, Pole. The basic surface elements assumed for research were plots, defined as continuous parts of cadastral plots utilized only in one way. The analysis covered spatial parameters of the plots, estimated land configuration related cultivation costs, location of the land in the village and farm and basic features of the farm. The obtained results allowed to define the degree of influence of land configuration on the costs connected with cultivation and to determine if correction of land layout is necessary.

Real estate cadastre versus land and buildings register in Poland, with the view to concepts’ identification

Currently in Poland, the problems associated with changes in the functioning of the institutions of the cadastre are becoming very topical. These include the problem of cadastre’s location within the structures of the State, the definition of its role and significance in the context of the functions and tasks that it should perform. When introducing the legal concept of real estate cadastre into circulation, the legislator stipulated that until the transformation of the existing land and buildings register is completed, the term cadastre is to signify precisely these land and buildings register. Therefore, a problem arises, concerning the consequences of the parallel use, and the interchangeability of the two terms: ‘land and buildings register’, and ‘cadastre’, each of which have their historical, legal and technical references and implications. In this publication, we carry out an analysis of historical and current conditions for the functioning of the land and buildings register, and the real estate cadastre, in terms of the current legislation.