Przemysław Leń

DETERMINATION OF THE URGENCY OF UNDERTAKING LAND CONSOLIDATION WORKS IN THE VILLAGES OF THE SŁAWNO MUNICIPALITY

The object of the paper is to analyze the spatial structure of land and identification of the needs of consolidation works and exchange of land in the villages of the Sławno municipality, lying in the district of Opoczno, in the Łódzkie Voivodship. The authors use the method of zero unitarisation for the purposes of determining the order of undertaking consolidation works and exchange of land in the area of research. The basis for calculation is the database of 19 factors (x1–x19) characteristic for the listed five groups of issues, describing each of the following villages. The obtained results, in a form of synthetic meter for each village, allowed creating the hierarchy of the urgency of carrying out consolidation works. The problem of excessive fragmentation of farms, constituting the collections of a certain number of parcels, in a broader sense, is one of the elements that prevent the acceleration of reforms by conversion of the Land and Buildings Register (EGiB) in a full valuable real estate cadastre in Poland. The importance of the problem is highlighted by the fact that there are ecological grounds in the study area, significant from the point of view of environmental protection.

A new approach to calculate the land fragmentation indicators taking into account the adjacent plots

Land fragmentation is a phenomenon which constitutes one of the biggest obstacles to profitable agricultural production. Measurable estimation of this phenomenon is possible by a number of known indicators, based on the surface area of parcels in the given area, their location in space and belonging to individual farms. This method of calculation of the indicators is inaccurate due to the phenomenon of neighbourhood of plots which belong to the same owners. For the purposes of calculating the ratios of actual fragmentation of land, these parcels should be treated as one complex. The article presents a proposal for the adjustment of existing methods of determination of the fragmentation of land indicators, taking into account these phenomena. The object of the research covered area of the voivodeship of Malopolska located in the southern part of Poland. Developed by the authors, method of calculation of land fragmentation indicators, based on complexes of land belonging to the same owners (complexes of plots aggregation), gives very good results in the evaluation of the intensity of the land fragmentation. Obtained in this way, indicator’s land fragmentation represents the real situation on the ground.

An algorithm for selecting groups of factors for prioritization of land consolidation in rural areas

Abstract Large defects in the spatial structure of agricultural land are an issue in many countries. The main cause of these defects are hundreds of years of social, economic and historical transformations. The spatial structure of farmland can be improved using procedures such as land consolidation and exchange. However, given the fact that the funds for these activities are limited, it is necessary to select those areas in which land consolidation and exchange are a priority. To develop a prioritization plan for land consolidation and exchange interventions, it is necessary to carry out a series of studies and analyses which will provide a set of factors characterizing the region under investigation. Many years of research have shown that different regions in Poland are characterized by different parameters. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to develop a universal algorithm for selecting groups of factors for purposes of prioritization of land consolidation which takes into account the geographic location of an investigated area. To test the proposed algorithm, analyses were carried out in two communes located in central and south-eastern Poland which differed significantly in terms of the spatial structure of farm holdings. A first test object was the commune of Paradyz, occupying an area of 8125.73 ha and divided into 15,941 cadastral plots. A second test object was the commune of Frysztak, located in south-eastern Poland, with an area of 9066.86 ha, divided into 21,506 cadastral plots.

The concept of using the water cadastre databases components for the construction of multi-dimensional cadastre in Poland

The article has analytical and conceptual character. It contains a detailed analysis of the scope of cadastral information on waters based on actual data from the regional databases, which are established in four logistically major cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Szczecin. The authors examine the contents of water cadastre databases in Poland and possibilities of using them in building the 3D cadastre. The concept of using water cadastre as a subsystem of the 3D cadastre presented in the work was carried out using graphical methods of the object-oriented analysis. The authors present a Real Estate Cadastre (REC) model based on synchronisation of the Land Register databases with the water cadastre databases carried out in District Water Management Boards. Modernisation and thematic expansion of Land Register databases, which act in Poland as cadastre, consistent with the presented REC model is a chance to improve the real estate market in Poland.

Algorithm of land cover spatial data processing for the local flood risk mapping

Floods are a natural phenomenon that has always been and will pose a threat to people’s life and health, their property and the environment. Total elimination of the flood is impossible, but the current state of knowledge enables the use of the available tools in order to reduce the scale of these threats. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology of identification of the areas of hindered flow of water, located in the immediate vicinity of rivers. The proposed methodology is based on a study of the land cover. The developed algorithm of land cover spatial data processing for the local flood risk mapping implements GIS tools. Verification of the developed method was carried out on the example of selected rivers in Poland, only one of which is covered by the plans of flood risk management and causes periodic floodings.

The proposed algorithm for identifying agricultural problem areas for the needs of their reasonable management under land consolidation works

Abstract The development of agriculture in the territory of Poland and its production capacity is considerably differentiated in terms of space. At present, the country under discussion has agricultural areas which in many respects can compete with agriculture in the member states of the European Union. However, in some areas agricultural production run by private farms owned by individuals is on the verge of or falls below the limit of profitability. Such areas are called agricultural problem areas. These areas are increasingly exposed to marginalization and they are referred to as areas without a potential for development. Agriculture in such areas is doomed to failure. Therefore, it justifies promoting the alternative economic functions of problem areas in a rural setting. Such solutions include: allocating land for forest planting, building development, transport infrastructure, agritourism, and leisure, transformation into ecological areas, growing energy crops, wildlife food plots or gardening. Land consolidation is a process improving the spatial structure of rural areas, including problem areas. This geodesic operation makes it possible to describe the specific characteristics of selected agricultural problem areas and propose the most effective alternative methods of managing the described area. Thanks to rural management works, rural areas become competitive and cultivation of crops in such areas generates financial benefits and improves the living standard of their inhabitants. The universal algorithm for identifying problem areas, designed in this paper, can be a useful tool for programming land consolidation works because the results will make it possible to indicate options for the optimum management of such land. This paper takes into account criteria referring to a detailed description of the above-mentioned areas. Its advantage is that it can be used in different regions, no matter where the land consolidation object is located.

Prioritization of Land Consolidation Interventions in the Villages of Central Poland

Re-structuring of rural spaces is essential for continued sustainable development of these areas. The space-management tool of land consolidation can be used to obtain desirable structural changes, but only if it is systematically implemented and becomes a permanent element of long-term rural management policies of provincial self-governments. Land consolidation and exchange measures should be introduced comprehensively and should be coupled with post-consolidation development of land. Only then can they contribute to the multifunctional development of rural areas. In our previous studies, in order to identify the areas with the greatest defects in the spatial structure which needed land consolidation and exchange most urgently, we carried out the investigations which allowed us to select appropriate factors for identifying such groups of villages. The ranking was established using Hellwig’s synthetic index of development and the zero unitarisation method. This article presents the results of the research carried out in 36 villages of the Opoczno commune, occupying a total area of 16,590.51 ha, divided into 41,990 cadastral plots.

Methodology for Assessing the Size and Liquidation of the Outer Patchwork of Land

A patchwork of land ownership is one of the factors that exert a negative influence on both the organization and the level of agricultural production. Excessive land fragmentation decreases the intensity of agricultural practices and increases production costs, thus leading to a continuous reduction in income. In many areas of Poland, over the years, fields have been divided into smaller and smaller parcels, which, along with the mass migration of people to towns and abroad, resulted in a faulty land ownership structure. Nowadays, it is recommended that measures be taken to eliminate both internal and external patchworks of farmland. Two such agricultural land management measures are land consolidation and land exchange. Rural areas in Poland require profound structural changes related to agricultural production, the size of agricultural holdings, the distribution of farmland in an agricultural holding, as well as demographic, spatial and institutional structure. Land consolidation and land exchange not only result in improved living and working conditions for farmers, but also contribute to enhancing the environmental and cultural assets of a village. The study allowed conducted using checkerboard matrix tables which allow one to determine the share of farmland owned by local and out-of-village non-residents. Research based on data from the estate cadastre. The research used information on the number of land owners, the number of parcels of land, the area of these parcels. The study computed the distance between 34 villages located in Slawno municipality, Opoczno County, Lodz voivodeship. An approach like this allows one to establish a program of exchange of land between these two groups of owners and to eliminate the problematic patchwork of land ownership through land exchange and consolidation.

Analysis of impact of new road projects on creating areas excluded from agricultural production

Road transport is a very important factor, constituting an important element of the country’s economy and of the labor market. The good quality of international connections creates possibilities of faster and safer traffic on the roads, in passenger and freight transport. It increases the traffic flow by separating local traffic from international one for increased comfort and driving safety. It should be noted, however, that linear development projects, apart from undisputed economic capacity benefits in general, have a negative impact on the shaping of spatial structure of rural areas. Development projects lead to division of land into smaller pieces, scattering of farms on both sides of the route, which increases fragmentation and dispersal of land farms. The study presents the process of creating areas excluded from agricultural production that accompanies construction of new roads in Poland. Based on a study of four road construction projects, the paper presents the cost of acquisition of remnants and the area of land that has been set aside. The possibility of restoring these lands to agricultural production was also analyzed.

THE INVENTORY OF DATABASES ON THE LAND REGISTRATION FOR THE ECOLOGICAL SITES IN KRAKOW

The paper presents the results of the inventory of databases for the registration of data on the ecological sites. The area of research concerns the administrative borders of Krakow. The research materials ware obtained on the basis of analyzes of existing databases recording ecological sites, which constitute the basis of a district database Register of Land and Buildings (EGiB) and database District Water Management Board (Regional Board) in Krakow city, responsible for the Water Cadastre. The compatibility of the achieved data were compared with the data of the Municipal Information System (MSIP), and the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection (RDOŚ), and then a descriptive specification for all (registered till April 2016), 12 of ecological sites was performed. In the first stage the analysis of the detailed data in the databases of the ecological water cadaster and EGiB was performed, then in other databases of descriptive and spatial available for the research area. In the research part of the paper the authors carried out the inventory of the selected object in the studies area and the documentation descriptive and graphical natural curiosities was created. The main aim of this study was to draw attention to natural and tourism potential, which is for the big city in an ecological site and obtaining the data to develop the concept of an interactive thematic map natural curiosities, using integrated techniques of surveying GPS and GIS. Such a map will be the next stage of research and is not the subject of this paper.