Jean-Charles Le Bunetel

Modeling of Electromagnetic Interference and PLC Transmission for Loads Shedding in a Microgrid

This paper presents an electric line study of microgrid. To optimize the management of electric sources, generally a proposed solution is the load shedding. To achieve it, the power line communication (PLC) is often used to communicate when it is not possible to add cables. Such technologies use the power line network as a propagation and communication medium. The network quality depends mainly on the power grid topology, but also on the connected household electrical appliances that have a large impact on the PLC systems due to their impedances and noise. In this paper, we propose a new simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) approach for modeling both the electromagnetic (EM) disturbances generated by a printer and the power network. First, the high-frequency power cable characteristics are extracted from S parameter measurements. Then, the model of EM noise generated by a printer is deduced from time-domain measurement and integrated to the SPICE simulator by means of its Laplace transform. Simulation and modeling results of a simple power grid are given in terms of insertion loss evaluation (S21 parameter). A validation of the EM noise model is performed by means of a comparison between simulation and measurement results in frequency domain at several points of a simple power network. The present approach allows the prediction of EM interference generated by all household devices at any access points of a power line network without carrying out a systematic measurement.

Impact of Periodic Switching Frequency Modulation control to reduce conducted EMI in Power Factor Converters

Spread spectrum clock generation techniques (SSCG) were originally developed to reduce EMI in communications and microprocessor systems working in the range of hundreds of MHz. Nowadays, the switching frequency of power converters has been increasing up to values that make feasible the application of such switching frequency modulation techniques to reduce EMI emissions in power converters. Although random modulations have been applied before to power converters, periodic patterns can provide some advantages. The principle of this methods is shown and confirmed with experimental results obtained from tests carried out on a power converter. It is a 600 W boost converter switching at 40 kHz. Attenuations obtained in conducted EMI are evaluated, even under discontinuous conduction mode. Finally, special attention has been paid to converter efficiency, input current distortion and output voltage distortion in order to evaluate possible unwanted side effects produced by this technique

Design of power supply in function of EMI assessment

In this paper we present how the design of a power converter can be effectively improved by means of EMI phenomena simulation. We will consider the design of a converter intended as battery charger for telecommunication facilities. First of all, the phenomena involved in the generation of electromagnetic interference are reviewed. Then the main ideas used to obtain the EMI simulation model are outlined. A model of the power converter in the frequency-domain is obtained and validated through experimental measurements. Finally, this model is used to improve the design of the converter from the EMI point of view, resulting in a reduction of space, weight and cost of the filtering devices.

HMM-based Transient and Steady-state Current Signals Modeling for Electrical Appliances Identification

The electrical appliances identification problem is gaining a rapidly growing interest these past few years due to the recent need of this information in the new smart grid configuration. In this work, we propose to construct an appliance identification system based on the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to model transient and steady-state electrical current signals. For this purpose, we investigate the usefulness of different choices for the proposed identification system such as: the use of the transient and the steady-state current signals, the use of even and odd-order harmonics as features, and the optimal number of features to take into account. This work also discusses the choice of the Short-Time Fourier Series (STFS) coefficients as adapted features for the representation of transient and steady-state current signals.

Modeling and estimation of transient current signals

In this paper, we propose a nonstationary model for transient electrical current signals based on the physical behavior of electrical appliances during their turn-on. This model takes into account the nonstationarity of those transient signals and the special form of their envelope. We also propose an algorithm for the estimation of this models parameters and we evaluate its performance on synthetic and real signals. The measured transient current signals actually reflect the physical phenomena appearing in the electrical appliances when turning on, and therefore, the model estimates of these transient current signals are useful for characterizing electrical appliances and can be helpful for distinguishing appliances in addition to the use of their steady-state power consumption.

Improved Power Quality in an Innovative Bidirectional Inverter Topology

The management of electricity consumption still represents a major issue, and particularly in individual housing mainly to find a good balance between production and consumption. Attention must be focused on the optimization of the cost of electricity consumption and, at the same time, the peak demand. Regarding a smart home management system, the inverter has a central role. Voltage and current bidirectional features are of utmost importance, specifically when an energy transfer is required from a storage system and the AC-grid, and vice versa. This article deals with an innovative bidirectional inverter topology based on sinusoidal waveforms from the generation of sine half-waves. The main challenges are both to improve the power quality of the output signals in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD), and minimize the complexity of the whole converter. Wide band-gap semiconductor devices (SiC MOSFETs) are used to optimize the efficiency of the DC-AC converter while minimizing its size and its weight. Many experimental measurements with low output power (lower than 1 kW) point out the relevance of this kind of topology.

Microstrip Filter Against the Crosstalk Effect in Planar Power Devices

Microstrip Filter Against the Crosstalk Effect in Planar Power Devices Nassima Tidjani1, Sébastien Bissey2, Sébastien Jacques2 ∗, and Jean-Charles Le Bunetel2 1Amar Telidji University of Laghouat, Telecommunications, Signals and Systems Laboratory (LTSS), Department of Electronics, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria 2University of Tours, Research Group on Materials, Microelectronics, Acoustics and Nanotechnology (GREMAN CNRS, INSA Centre Val-de-Loire UMR 7347), 37200, Tours, France

Electrical Appliances Identification and Clustering using Novel Turn-on Transient Features

Mohamed Nait Meziane1, Abdenour Hacine-Gharbi2, Philippe Ravier1, Guy Lamarque1, Jean-Charles Le Bunetel3 and Yves Raingeaud3 1PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 rue de Blois, 45067 Orléans, France 2LMSE Laboratory, University of Bordj Bou Arréridj, Elanasser, 34030 Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria 3GREMAN Laboratory, UMR 7347 CNRS University of Tours, 20 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France {mohamed.nait-meziane, philippe.ravier}@univ-orleans.fr, gharbi07@yahoo.fr, {lebunetel, yves.raingeaud}@univ-tours.fr

High accuracy event detection for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

This paper proposes a new event detection algorithm for the use in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). This latter is a field where the main concern is to break down, in a non-intrusive manner, the global electrical energy consumption into individual appliances consumption. Detecting events is thus of importance for appliance clustering in event-based NILM systems. A simple and fast algorithm that detects the variations of the signals envelope is proposed in this paper. Its main advantage is the high localization accuracy of the start times of events. Its performance is evaluated using simulated and real data and is compared to one of the recently proposed algorithms in the field. Simulations show that the proposed detection algorithm gives 100 % precision and 97.13 % recall at a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 50 dB.

An approach for reducing parasites coupling between coupled transmission lines employed in power electronics

Electromagnetic interference such as crosstalk are big problem for the control of components in power electronics. In this work, a new approach for reducing parasites coupling between coupled transmission lines employed in power electronics is presented. We proposed a new method for crosstalk reduction in PCB cards. This method is to add a tee guard line (TGL), between the coupled microstrip lines. This method has reduced much crosstalk. The NEXT is reduced about 78% and the FEXT about 82%. Also the crosstalk peak is reduced by about 82%. In this context, simulations are developed under the electromagnetic simulator. Followed by measurements made by a vector network analyzer (VNA), on various PCB cards.