Jean Max Tavares

The determinants of international tourism demand for Brazil

The aim of this article is to identify the main determinants of international tourism flows to Brazil during the period 2004–2013, using the gravity model. The study adopted an econometric strategy of panel data (pooled ordinary least squares estimators that were heteroscedasticity corrected—together with the generalized method of moments system estimator). The variables of a common border and geographical distance showed that proximity was essential to explain tourism demand for Brazil. The exchange rate was positively correlated with tourism demand. The results indicate that the “Aquarela Plan 2020,” developed by the Ministry of Tourism for promotion of the country abroad, is consistent with the main determinants of international tourism demands for Brazil.

Análise das desigualdades inter e intraestaduais na região Sul do Brasil por meio da análise de componentes principais

This article argues that, according to the New Economic Geography, inequalities are inherent even in developed regions. The specific objective of this paper is to show the existence and the localization of the regional inequalities in the South region of Brazil and in each mesoregion of its States, through 16 variables, with a multidimensional perspective (IBGE, 2001), by means of Principals Components Analysis. The results show significant interstate inequalities – with negative emphasis to Parana State – as well as considerable intrastate inequalities – with positive emphasis to Rio Grande do Sul State, where such inequalities appear less intensely. Key words: regions, development, inequalities.

Is there a Strategic Interdependence between the USA and Canada in the Tourism Sector? An Analysis using Game Theory

ABSTRACT Although many tourist regions compete among themselves, there is a scenario of strategic interdependence between them that has not usually been considered in the literature. In this way, this present article has used Game Theory in order to analyse the competition / cooperation between two tourist destinations – namely, between Canada and the USA. In methodological terms, the study has used the Vector Autoregressive model; the Vector Error Correction model; and Granger Analyses in order to forecast the short-term and long-term impacts of tourism receipts between the USA and Canada. The article has used databases from 2007 – 2016 concerning their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The tourism receipts were obtained from Statistics Canada and UNWTO. The findings have indicated that (1) there was no Nash equilibrium of a GDP payoff for the USA and Canada; (2) The USA has a dominant strategy when developing tourism, but Canada does not.