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Dive into the research topics where Jessica M. Cable is active.

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Featured researches published by Jessica M. Cable.


Oecologia | 2004

Precipitation pulse size effects on Sonoran Desert soil microbial crusts

Jessica M. Cable; Travis E. Huxman

Deserts are characterized by low productivity and substantial unvegetated space, which is often covered by soil microbial crust communities. Microbial crusts are important for nitrogen fixation, soil stabilization and water infiltration, but their role in ecosystem production is not well understood. This study addresses the following questions: what are the CO2 exchange responses of crusts to pulses of water, does the contribution of crusts to ecosystem flux differ from the soil respiratory flux, and is this contribution pulse size dependent? Following water application to crusts and soils, CO2 exchange was measured and respiration was partitioned through mixing model analysis of Keeling plots across treatments. Following small precipitation pulse sizes, crusts contributed 80% of soil-level CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere. However, following a large pulse event, roots and soil microbes contributed nearly 100% of the soil-level flux. Rainfall events in southern Arizona are dominated by small pulse sizes, suggesting that crusts may frequently contribute to ecosystem production. Carbon cycle studies of arid land systems should consider crusts as important contributors because of their dynamic responses to different pulse sizes as compared to the remaining ecosystem components.


New Phytologist | 2012

Differential daytime and night-time stomatal behavior in plants from North American deserts

Kiona Ogle; Richard W. Lucas; Lisa Patrick Bentley; Jessica M. Cable; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Alden B. Griffith; Danielle D. Ignace; G. Darrel Jenerette; Anna P. Tyler; Travis E. Huxman; Michael E. Loik; Stanley D. Smith; David T. Tissue

Night-time stomatal conductance (g(night)) occurs in many ecosystems, but the g(night) response to environmental drivers is relatively unknown, especially in deserts. Here, we conducted a Bayesian analysis of stomatal conductance (g) (N=5013) from 16 species in the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, Mojave and Great Basin Deserts (North America). We partitioned daytime g (g(day)) and g(night) responses by describing g as a mixture of two extreme (dark vs high light) behaviors. Significant g(night) was observed across 15 species, and the g(night) and g(day) behavior differed according to species, functional type and desert. The transition between extreme behaviors was determined by light environment, with the transition behavior differing between functional types and deserts. Sonoran and Chihuahuan C(4) grasses were more sensitive to vapor pressure difference (D) at night and soil water potential (Ψ(soil)) during the day, Great Basin C(3) shrubs were highly sensitive to D and Ψ(soil) during the day, and Mojave C(3) shrubs were equally sensitive to D and Ψ(soil) during the day and night. Species were split between the exhibition of isohydric or anisohydric behavior during the day. Three species switched from anisohydric to isohydric behavior at night. Such behavior, combined with differential D, Ψ(soil) and light responses, suggests that different mechanisms underlie g(day) and g(night) regulation.


Ecology | 2008

SENSITIVITY OF MESQUITE SHRUBLAND CO2 EXCHANGE TO PRECIPITATION IN CONTRASTING LANDSCAPE SETTINGS

Daniel L. Potts; Russell L. Scott; Jessica M. Cable; Travis E. Huxman; David G. Williams

In semiarid ecosystems, physiography (landscape setting) may interact with woody-plant and soil microbe communities to constrain seasonal exchanges of material and energy at the ecosystem scale. In an upland and riparian shrubland, we examined the seasonally dynamic linkage between ecosystem CO2 exchange, woody-plant water status and photosynthesis, and soil respiration responses to summer rainfall. At each site, we compared tower-based measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) with ecophysiological measurements among velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.) in three size classes and soil respiration in sub-canopy and inter-canopy micro-sites. Monsoonal rainfall influenced a greater shift in the magnitude of ecosystem CO2 assimilation in the upland shrubland than in the riparian shrubland. Mesquite water status and photosynthetic gas exchange were closely linked to the onset of the North American monsoon in the upland shrubland. In contrast, the presence of shallow alluvial groundwater in the riparian shrubland caused larger size classes of mesquite to be physiologically insensitive to monsoonal rains. In both shrublands, soil respiration was greatest beneath mesquite canopies and was coupled to shallow soil moisture abundance. Physiography, through its constraint on the physiological sensitivity of deeply rooted woody plants, may interact with plant-mediated rates of soil respiration to affect the sensitivity of semiarid-ecosystem carbon exchange in response to episodic rainfall.


Plant and Soil | 2009

Woody plant encroachment impacts on soil carbon and microbial processes: results from a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of soil incubation data

Jessica M. Cable; Kiona Ogle; Anna P. Tyler; Mitchell Pavao-Zuckerman; Travis E. Huxman

Belowground processes and associated plant–microbial interactions play a critical role in how ecosystems respond to environmental change. However, the mechanisms and factors controlling processes such as soil carbon turnover can be difficult to quantify due to methodological or logistical constraints. Soil incubation experiments have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics, but relating results from laboratory-based incubations to processes measured in the field is challenging. This study has two goals: (1) development of a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) model for analyzing soil incubation data and complementary field data to gain a more mechanistic understanding of soil carbon turnover; (2) application of the approach to soil incubation data collected from a semi-arid riparian grassland experiencing encroachment by nitrogen-fixing shrubs (mesquite). Soil was collected from several depths beneath large-sized shrubs, medium-sized shrubs, grass, and bare ground—the four primary microsite-types found in this ecosystem. We measured respiration rates from substrate-induced incubations, which were accompanied by measurements of soil microbial biomass, soil carbon, and soil nitrogen. Soils under large shrubs had higher respiration rates and support 2.0, 1.9, and 2.6 times greater soil carbon, microbial biomass, and microbial carbon-use efficiency, respectively, compared to soils in grass microsites. The effect of large shrubs on these components is most pronounced near the soil surface where microbial carbon-use efficiency is high because of enhanced litter quality. Grass microsites were very similar to bare ground in many aspects (carbon content, microbial biomass, etc.). Encroachment of mesquite shrubs into this semi-arid grassland may enhance carbon and nutrient cycling and increase the spatial heterogeneity of soil resource pools and fluxes. The HB approach allowed us to synthesize diverse data sources to identify the potential mechanisms of soil carbon and microbial change associated with shrub encroachment.


PLOS ONE | 2007

The allometry of host-pathogen interactions.

Jessica M. Cable; Brian J. Enquist; Melanie E. Moses

Background Understanding the mechanisms that control rates of disease progression in humans and other species is an important area of research relevant to epidemiology and to translating studies in small laboratory animals to humans. Body size and metabolic rate influence a great number of biological rates and times. We hypothesize that body size and metabolic rate affect rates of pathogenesis, specifically the times between infection and first symptoms or death. Methods and Principal Findings We conducted a literature search to find estimates of the time from infection to first symptoms (tS) and to death (tD) for five pathogens infecting a variety of bird and mammal hosts. A broad sampling of diseases (1 bacterial, 1 prion, 3 viruses) indicates that pathogenesis is controlled by the scaling of host metabolism. We find that the time for symptoms to appear is a constant fraction of time to death in all but one disease. Our findings also predict that many population-level attributes of disease dynamics are likely to be expressed as dimensionless quantities that are independent of host body size. Conclusions and Significance Our results show that much variability in host pathogenesis can be described by simple power functions consistent with the scaling of host metabolic rate. Assessing how disease progression is controlled by geometric relationships will be important for future research. To our knowledge this is the first study to report the allometric scaling of host/pathogen interactions.


Oecologia | 2004

Response of net ecosystem gas exchange to a simulated precipitation pulse in a semi-arid grassland: the role of native versus non-native grasses and soil texture

Travis E. Huxman; Jessica M. Cable; Danielle D. Ignace; J. Alex Eilts; Nathan B. English; Jake F. Weltzin; David G. Williams


New Phytologist | 2006

Antecedent moisture and seasonal precipitation influence the response of canopy-scale carbon and water exchange to rainfall pulses in a semi-arid grassland

Daniel L. Potts; Travis E. Huxman; Jessica M. Cable; Nathan B. English; Danielle D. Ignace; J. A. Eilts; M. J. Mason; Jake F. Weltzin; David G. Williams


Ecosystems | 2008

Soil Texture Drives Responses of Soil Respiration to Precipitation Pulses in the Sonoran Desert: Implications for Climate Change

Jessica M. Cable; Kiona Ogle; David G. Williams; Jake F. Weltzin; Travis E. Huxman


Biogeochemistry | 2011

The temperature responses of soil respiration in deserts: a seven desert synthesis

Jessica M. Cable; Kiona Ogle; Richard W. Lucas; Travis E. Huxman; Michael E. Loik; Stanley D. Smith; David T. Tissue; Brent E. Ewers; Elise Pendall; Jeffrey M. Welker; Therese N. Charlet; Meagan B. Cleary; Alden B. Griffith; Robert S. Nowak; Matthew Rogers; Heidi Steltzer; Patrick F. Sullivan; Natasja C. van Gestel


Hydrological Processes | 2011

Contribution of glacier meltwater to streamflow in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, inferred via a Bayesian mixing model applied to isotopic measurements

Jessica M. Cable; Kiona Ogle; David G. Williams

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Russell L. Scott

Agricultural Research Service

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