Joana Elisabete Ribeiro Pinto Guedes

Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física em adolescentes

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was originally developed to provide a self-report measure that can be used to obtain internationally comparable data on habitual physical activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the reproducibility and validity of IPAQ short form in a representative sample of adolescents. A total of 161 adolescents (92 girls and 69 boys) with ages between 12 and 18 years were included in the study. For the assessment of reproducibility, Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were computed between administrations of the questionnaire at baseline, and after two weeks. Validity was determined by comparing questionnaire against a 24-hour recall instrument of the daily activities. Spearman correlation coefficients and proportion of agreement (Kappa values) were calculated, based on categorization of the distributions of the physical activity variables into quartiles. Results showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.49 to 0.70 in girls and from 0.56 to 0.83 in boys, all statistically significant. Although these data are comparable to most other self-report reproducibility studies, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated limited concordance capacity between test-retest of the questionnaire. In terms of validity, the time spent in each activity reported in the IPAQ was modestly correlated with the 24-hour recall data (range 0.09-0.51). However, when the time spent in moderate and intense activities were reported, the validity indicators increased considerably, and the values observed were higher for older boys. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that, in adolescents of both genders and older than 14 years, the IPAQ have acceptable measurement properties for monitoring levels of habitual physical activity. Among younger adolescents (< 14 years old), findings indicate that the use of the IPAQ short form presents some limitations.

Níveis de prática de atividade física habitual em adolescentes

A novel add/drop optical filter providing arbitrary channel arrangements between two input WDM signals and two output WDM signals is presented. The device consists of two WGRs connected by a plurality of 2x2 optical switches and 3 db coupling devices in each WGR branch. Through use of the inventive device, the second of the two input WDM signals can be added to the transmission path, while the second of the two output WDM signals is dropped. The added and dropped signals are of the same frequency, but can carry different information. The same circuit can also be used as a 2x2 wavelength-space switch for WDM signals. In both cases N2 channel arrangements between the two outputs are possible when the two input signals each support N channels.

Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes: indicadores biológicos e comportamentais

OBJECTIVE To provide descriptive information and investigate to what extent behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are associated with biological risk factors in the young population. METHODS The sample included 452 adolescents (246 girls and 206 boys) between 15 and 18 years of age selected in a high school in the city of Londrina, Paraná. Risk factors of a behavioral nature were analyzed as regards insufficient physical activity, excessive intake of fat and cholesterol and smoking. As biological risk factor indicators we used overweight, high arterial pressure levels, and adverse concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins. RESULTS Approximately 20% of the girls and 16% of the boys presented at least one biological risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Overweight was significantly associated with excessive intake of fats, while elevated arterial pressure was related to sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Excessive intake of fat and cholesterol indicated increased risk of undesirable concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins. The risk associated with altered blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoprotein was increased two-fold in smokers when compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSION The results reinforce the need for interventions targeted at the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including the regular practice of physical exercise, appropriate dietary patterns, and abstention from smoking as of an early age.

Distribuição de gordura corporal, pressão arterial e níveis de lipídios-lipoproteínas plasmáticas

PURPOSE: To study associations between FAT distribution and blood pressure levels and concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, irrespective of body fat content and physical activity. METHODS: A sample of 62 subjects of both genders aging 20-45 years-old was used in the study. The adipose tissue distribution was based on the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Body fat content was estimated by the body mass index (BMI), and physical activity was assessed by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Partial correlation analyses were used to determine the strength of the associations. RESULTS: After correction for BMI there was a significant partial correlation between centripetal adipose tissue distribution and serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. However, controlling for VO2max, there was no significant association between WHR and any serum variable and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The centripetal adipose tissue distribution, independent of body fat content, was related to lipid and lipoprotein plasma concentrations and to blood pressure levels in both sexes. Physical activity seems to be an important modifier of this relationship, emphasizing its role in the control of cardiovascular risk factors.

Reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in adolescents

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was originally developed to provide a self-report measure that can be used to obtain internationally comparable data on habitual physical activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the reproducibility and validity of IPAQ short form in a representative sample of adolescents. A total of 161 adolescents (92 girls and 69 boys) with ages between 12 and 18 years were included in the study. For the assessment of reproducibility, Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were computed between administrations of the questionnaire at baseline, and after two weeks. Validity was determined by comparing questionnaire against a 24-hour recall instrument of the daily activities. Spearman correlation coefficients and proportion of agreement (Kappa values) were calculated, based on categorization of the distributions of the physical activity variables into quartiles. Results showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.49 to 0.70 in girls and from 0.56 to 0.83 in boys, all statistically significant. Although these data are comparable to most other self-report reproducibility studies, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated limited concordance capacity between test-retest of the questionnaire. In terms of validity, the time spent in each activity reported in the IPAQ was modestly correlated with the 24-hour recall data (range 0.09-0.51). However, when the time spent in moderate and intense activities were reported, the validity indicators increased considerably, and the values observed were higher for older boys. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that, in adolescents of both genders and older than 14 years, the IPAQ have acceptable measurement properties for monitoring levels of habitual physical activity. Among younger adolescents (< 14 years old), findings indicate that the use of the IPAQ short form presents some limitations.

Tradução, adaptação transcultural e propriedades psicométricas do KIDSCREEN-52 para a população brasileira

Objective: The Kidscreen-52 is a questionnaire developed in European countries to assess the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents and to provide proxy measures for parents and guardians. The purpose of this study was to translate the tool into Portuguese, to describe the cross-cultural adaptation and to identify its psychometric properties for a Brazilian population. Methods: The original questionnaire was translated following international guidelines. Translated versions of the questionnaire were analyzed by a committee of experts. The committee used semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences as criteria of analysis. The final version of the translated questionnaire was administered to 758 schoolchildren of both genders and 653 parents/guardians, in the city of Londrina, Brazil. In order to identify the psychometric properties, exploratory factorial analysis with varimax rotation were completed. Cronbach’s α coefficientObjective: The Kidscreen-52 is a questionnaire developed in European countries to assess the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents and to provide proxy measures for parents and guardians. The purpose of this study was to translate the tool into Portuguese, to describe the cross-cultural adaptation and to identify its psychometric properties for a Brazilian population. Methods: The original questionnaire was translated following international guidelines. Translated versions of the questionnaire were analyzed by a committee of experts. The committee used semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences as criteria of analysis. The final version of the translated questionnaire was administered to 758 schoolchildren of both genders and 653 parents/guardians, in the city of Londrina, Brazil. In order to identify the psychometric properties, exploratory factorial analysis with varimax rotation were completed. Cronbach’s α coefficient Endereco para correspondencia: Dartagnan Pinto Guedes Rua Ildefonso Werner, 177 − Condominio Royal Golf CEP 86055-545 – Londrina/PR E-mail: darta@sercomtel.com.br Fonte financiadora: Bolsa Produtividade Cientifica do CNPq Conflito de interesse: nada a declarar Recebido em: 15/10/2010 Aprovado em: 26/1/2011

Uso de tabaco e perfil lipídico-lipoprotéico plasmático em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of tobacco use on plasma lipid lipoprotein profile in representative sample of adolescents. METHODS: A sample of 452 subjects (246 girls and 206 boys) 15 to 18 years old were included in the study. Each participant completed a structured and self-administered questionnaire concerning tobacco use. Plasma lipid-lipoprotein concentrations were measured by standard procedures. Differences between mean values were evaluated by analysis of covariance, controlling for saturated fat and cholesterol intake. Odds ratio was used to estimate the relative risk of the smokers being classified with an undesirable level of a plasma lipidlipoprotein parameter. RESULTS: The proportion of smokers was 20.9% for boys and 15.4% for girls. The average consumption of cigarettes per day was 9.2 ± 4.7 for boys and 5.6 ± 3.1 for girls. When compared with non-smokers, boy and girl smokers showed a significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B100, and significantly lower serum levels of HDL-cholesterol. Adolescent smokers tended to show a two-fold higher risk of altered lipid-lipoprotein levels than non-smokers. CONCLUSION: The present data could imply that intervention promoting a healthy lifestyle, including non smoking, should start at an early age to prevent or delay development of atherosclerotic lesions and ultimately to minimize the appearance of premature coronary heart disease in adults.

Crescimento e desempenho motor em escolares do município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the behavior of variables aimed at characterizing growth and motor performance in relation to chronological age and gender, attempting to establish the level of importance of morphological aspects in modification of functional-motor activity in schoolchildren from the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was composed of 1,180 randomly-selected subjects, from 7 to 17 years of age. Growth characteristics were determined by height and body weight. As for motor performance, tests for handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, sit-up, standing long jump, and 50- and 1000-meter races were applied. Analysis of results indicated that growth variables only begin to present important gender-based differences after 15 years of age, while for motor performance differences were found favoring boys in almost all motor tests from seven years on, with an increasing sexual dimorphism index as the children and adolescents grew. The low (albeit statistically significant) correlation between height/body weight and results of motor tests indicated that high growth patterns do not necessarily ensure a satisfactory motor performance index.

Dispêndio energético diário e níveis de lipídeos-lipoproteínas plasmáticos em adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o impacto da pratica habitual de atividade fisica, mediante estimativas do dispendio energetico diario (DEdiario), no perfil lipidico-lipoproteico plasmatico em amostra representativa de adolescentes. A amostra foi constituida por 452 sujeitos (246 mocas e 206 rapazes) com idade entre 15 e 18 anos. As concentracoes de lipideos-lipoproteinas plasmaticas foram estabelecidas por procedimentos laboratoriais. As informacoes acerca da pratica habitual de atividade fisica foram obtidas por intermedio de instrumento retrospectivo de auto-recordacao. Estabeleceram-se estimativas quanto ao DEDiario com base no custo calorico associado ao tipo e a duracao das atividades registradas pelos adolescentes. A amostra foi estratificada em tres grupos de pratica habitual de atividade fisica: os menos ativos, 75o percentil do DEdiario, e tambem pontos de corte para um perfil lipidico-lipoproteico de risco aterogenico. Os resultados da analise de co-variância, controlando a participacao do indice de massa corporal, mostraram que as concentracoes de HDL-C foram significativamente diferentes de acordo com os grupos crescentes de DEdiario em mocas (p = 0,009) e em rapazes (p = 0,010), porem, o comportamento de variacao dos valores observados foi diferente nos dois sexos. A analise de regressao logistica indicou que o risco relativo para menores valores de HDL-C foi duas vezes maior entre os adolescentes menos ativos em comparacao com os mais ativos. Em ambos os sexos, as concentracoes de colesterol total, LDL-C e triglicerideos nao apresentaram diferencas significativas entre os grupos de DEdiario. Em conclusao, a pratica habitual de atividade fisica mais intensa e o maior DEdiario estao associados com mais elevadas concentracoes de HDL-C em adolescentes de ambos os sexos, independentemente das variacoes do peso corporal. As associacoes entre DEdiario e os outros componentes plasmaticos de lipideos-lipoproteinas tratados no presente estudo foram fracas e inconsistentes.

Physical efforts during school physical education programs

ABSTRACT PHYSICAL EFFORTS DURING SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS The school physical education programs have purported to teach students to be physically active in present and lifetime. To achive these goals, students should regularly experience adequate physical efforts during physical education lessons. The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the intensity, duration, and frequency of physical efforts administered to students during school physical education programs. A total of 144 physical education lessons in 15 different schools from the city of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, selected at random, was used in the study. Heart rate monitoring and instrument of direct observation was used to measure the caracteristics of physical efforts. Results indicated that the levels of intensity and duration of physical efforts observed were lower than the minimum requirements to provide health benefits. The students usually had few opportunities to engage in physical efforts of moderate-to-vigorous intensity for appropriate amount of time. It was concluded that modifications in the physical education programs are needed to provide positive attitudes toward health-related physical activity in the students. UNITERMS: Teaching programs; Health promotion; Heart rate.