João Antonio Nunes

MONITORING TRAINING LOAD, RECOVERY-STRESS STATE, IMMUNE-ENDOCRINE RESPONSES, AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ELITE FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS DURING A PERIODIZED TRAINING PROGRAM

Abstract Nunes, JA, Moreira, A, Crewther, BT, Nosaka, K, Viveiros, L, and Aoki, MS. Monitoring training load, recovery-stress state, immune-endocrine responses, and physical performance in elite female basketball players during a periodized training program. J Strength Cond Res 28(10): 2973–2980, 2014—This study investigated the effect of a periodized training program on internal training load (ITL), recovery-stress state, immune-endocrine responses, and physical performance in 19 elite female basketball players. The participants were monitored across a 12-week period before an international championship, which included 2 overloading and tapering phases. The first overloading phase (fourth to sixth week) was followed by a 1-week tapering, and the second overloading phase (eighth to 10th week) was followed by a 2-week tapering. ITL (session rating of perceived exertion method) and recovery-stress state (RESTQ-76 Sport questionnaire) were assessed weekly and bi-weekly, respectively. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included measures of salivary IgA, testosterone and cortisol concentrations, strength, jumping power, running endurance, and agility. Internal training load increased across all weeks from 2 to 11 (p ⩽ 0.05). After the first tapering period (week 7), a further increase in ITL was observed during the second overloading phase (p ⩽ 0.05). After the second tapering period, a decrease in ITL was detected (p ⩽ 0.05). A disturbance in athlete stress-recovery state was noted during the second overloading period (p ⩽ 0.05), before returning to baseline level in end of the second tapering period. The training program led to significant improvements in the physical performance parameters evaluated. The salivary measures did not change despite the fluctuations in ITL. In conclusion, a periodized training program evoked changes in ITL in elite female basketball players, which appeared to influence their recovery-stress state. The training plan was effective in preparing participants for competition, as indicated by improvements in recovery-stress state and physical performance after tapering.

Salivary hormone and immune responses to three resistance exercise schemes in elite female athletes.

Nunes, JA, Crewther, BT, Ugrinowitsch, C, Tricoli, V, Viveiros, L, de Rose Jr, D, and Aoki, MS. Salivary hormone and immune responses to three resistance exercise schemes in elite female athletes J Strength Cond Res 25(8): 2322-2327, 2011—This study examined the salivary hormone and immune responses of elite female athletes to 3 different resistance exercise schemes. Fourteen female basketball players each performed an endurance scheme (ES—4 sets of 12 reps, 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) load, 1-minute rest periods), a strength-hypertrophy scheme (SHS—1 set of 5RM, 1 set of 4RM, 1 set of 3RM, 1 set of 2RM, and 1set of 1RM with 3-minute rest periods, followed by 3 sets of 10RM with 2-minute rest periods) and a power scheme (PS—3 sets of 10 reps, 50% 1RM load, 3-minute rest periods) using the same exercises (bench press, squat, and biceps curl). Saliva samples were collected at 07:30 hours, pre-exercise (Pre) at 09:30 hours, postexercise (Post), and at 17:30 hours. Matching samples were also taken on a nonexercising control day. The samples were analyzed for testosterone, cortisol (C), and immunoglobulin A concentrations. The total volume of load lifted differed among the 3 schemes (SHS > ES > PS, p < 0.05). Postexercise C concentrations increased after all schemes, compared to control values (p < 0.05). In the SHS, the postexercise C response was also greater than pre-exercise data (p < 0.05). The current findings confirm that high-volume resistance exercise schemes can stimulate greater C secretion because of higher metabolic demand. In terms of practical applications, acute changes in C may be used to evaluate the metabolic demands of different resistance exercise schemes, or as a tool for monitoring training strain.

CHANGES IN MUSCLE DAMAGE MARKERS IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in muscle soreness, blood muscle damage markers, muscle strength and agility following an official basketball match. Eleven elite female professional basketball players (27.4 ± 4.8 years, 179.5 ± 5.5 cm, 72.0 ± 7.8 kg) of a team participated in this study. The official match was the seventh match of the season in the first phase of the Brazilian National Female Basketball Championship. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity (CK), and myoglobin concentration (Mb) were determined before and after the match (post-match, 24 and 48 hours after the match). The 1RM strength for bench press and leg press, and the agility T test were assessed before and at 24 and 48 hours after the match. Significant increases in muscle soreness, CK and Mb were observed at 24 and 48 hours post-match (p<0.05). No significant changes in the 1RM strength and T test were detected during recovery (24 and 48 hours after the match). These results suggest that a basketball match induced limited muscle damage with minimal effect on performance during recovery. The small increase in muscle damage markers following a basketball match did not affect strength and agility performance.

Monitoramento da carga interna no basquetebol

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the internal load induced by an official women’s basketball match and to determine whether the magnitude of the internal load is correlated with the number of basketball maneuvers perfomed. The sample consisted of 10 athletes (25 ± 4 years), who participated in the XI Brazilian Women’s Basketball Championship. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in response to the match were evaluated. The internal load was calculated by the methods of Edwards and Foster. In addition, the basketball maneuvers perfomed in the match were analyzed. The internal load estimated by the methods of Edwards and Foster was 255 ± 62 and 321 ± 127 arbitrary units, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the two methods used (r = 0.64, p <0.05). In addition, significant correlations (p <0.05) were observed between internal load estimated by the method of Edwards and the number of points scored in the match (r = 0.53), number of rebounds (r = 0.67), number of assists (r = 0.59), number of steals (r = 0.70), and the sum of all indicators (r = 0.64). The results of this study suggest that the internal load of the match was moderate and was influenced by the number of maneuvers performed by the athletes in the match.

Monitoring internal load in basketball

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the internal load induced by an official women’s basketball match and to determine whether the magnitude of the internal load is correlated with the number of basketball maneuvers perfomed. The sample consisted of 10 athletes (25 ± 4 years), who participated in the XI Brazilian Women’s Basketball Championship. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in response to the match were evaluated. The internal load was calculated by the methods of Edwards and Foster. In addition, the basketball maneuvers perfomed in the match were analyzed. The internal load estimated by the methods of Edwards and Foster was 255 ± 62 and 321 ± 127 arbitrary units, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the two methods used (r = 0.64, p <0.05). In addition, significant correlations (p <0.05) were observed between internal load estimated by the method of Edwards and the number of points scored in the match (r = 0.53), number of rebounds (r = 0.67), number of assists (r = 0.59), number of steals (r = 0.70), and the sum of all indicators (r = 0.64). The results of this study suggest that the internal load of the match was moderate and was influenced by the number of maneuvers performed by the athletes in the match.

Monitoring internal load in basketball. DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n1p67

The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the internal load induced by an official women’s basketball match and to determine whether the magnitude of the internal load is correlated with the number of basketball maneuvers perfomed. The sample consisted of 10 athletes (25 ± 4 years), who participated in the XI Brazilian Women’s Basketball Championship. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in response to the match were evaluated. The internal load was calculated by the methods of Edwards and Foster. In addition, the basketball maneuvers perfomed in the match were analyzed. The internal load estimated by the methods of Edwards and Foster was 255 ± 62 and 321 ± 127 arbitrary units, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the two methods used (r = 0.64, p <0.05). In addition, significant correlations (p <0.05) were observed between internal load estimated by the method of Edwards and the number of points scored in the match (r = 0.53), number of rebounds (r = 0.67), number of assists (r = 0.59), number of steals (r = 0.70), and the sum of all indicators (r = 0.64). The results of this study suggest that the internal load of the match was moderate and was influenced by the number of maneuvers performed by the athletes in the match.