João Batista dos Santos

Quality of yellow passion fruit juice with cultivation using different organic sources and saline water

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in field in the municipaly Remigio, state of the Paraiba, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of the use of saline water for irrigation, bovine biofertilizer and mulch on the chemical characteristics of the fruits of yellow passion fruit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2, three replications and three plants per experimental unit. Study material consisted of irrigation with water is not saline (0.50 dS m –1 ) and saline (4.50 dS m –1 ), with and without application of bovine biofertilizer, with and without mulch. The use of bovine biofertilizer reduced the negative action of the salts, increasing the pH, soluble solids and vitamin C in fruits of yellow passion fruit. The veal and mulching biofertilizer did not affect the titratable acidity values in passion fruit with an increased salt content of water. The content of vitamin C in fruits did not change with the use of mulch and biofertilizer veal. The ratio soluble solids / acidity of the passion fruit was reduced with the use of organic inputs and soil cover by applying saline water for irrigation of plants. The increasing salinity of irrigation water increased the electrical conductivity of the juice, regardless of the application of fertilizer and use of mulch.

Biometria em plantas de noni sob irrigação com águas salinas e lixiviação dos sais do solo

A utilizacao de agua com teor salino elevado esta se tornando uma alternativa a producao agricola mundial, mas, para isso, ha necessidade de tecnologias que reduzam os impactos no solo e no rendimento das culturas, como o emprego de lixiviacao dos sais do solo ou o uso de especies tolerantes a salinidade. Nessa direcao, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de plantas de noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) submetidas a irrigacao e lavagem do solo com aguas de salinidade crescente. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente telado do Centro de Ciencia Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraiba em Areia, PB, em blocos casualizados, com quatros repeticoes e duas plantas por parcela, usando o arranjo fatorial 5×2, referente a cinco valores de condutividade eletrica das aguas de irrigacao (0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 dS m-1), combinados com presenca e ausencia de drenagem para a lavagem do solo e lixiviacao dos sais. O aumento da condutividade eletrica das aguas de irrigacao elevou o carater salino do solo para valores que comprometeram o crescimento biometrico e a producao de biomassa total das plantas de noni, independentemente da ausencia ou presenca de lixiviacao dos sais, mas, com maior severidade, em todas as variaveis, no solo sem drenagem. As plantas do solo sem lixiviacao dos sais nao sobreviveram a irrigacao com agua de salinidade estimada de 5,28 dS m-1, nao cresceram adequadamente em altura, diâmetro caulinar, emissao de folhas e area foliar e produziram baixos niveis de biomassa sob irrigacao com agua de condutividade eletrica 4,5 dS m-1.

Physical characteristics of fruit of yellow passion fruit produced in soil with bio-fertilizer, mulching and saline water

espanolLas dimensiones y el rendimiento de los frutos son caracteristicas fundamentales para la calidad de frutos destinados al mercado y la industria. En este sentido se realizo un experimento para evaluar el formato, resistencia y rendimiento de maracuya amarillo producido en sustrato con biofertilizante bovino, mantillo e irrigado con agua salina. El diseno experimental fue de tres bloques al azar, con un arreglo factorial de 2 x 2 x 2, los factores evaluados fueron: agua de riego no salina (0,50 dS m-1), salina (4,50 dS m-1), con aplicacion y sin aplicacion de biofertilizante bovino, con y sin mantillo. Los frutos de maracuya fueron cosechados con 30% de corteza amarillenta y se evaluo el diametro de la cavidad longitudinal (largura), diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial (transversal), indice de formato de los frutos, resistencia de la cascara y rendimiento de jugo y pulpa. Los mayores valores de diametro de la cavidad longitudinal, diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial, indice de formato de los frutos y rendimiento de jugo y pulpa se obtuvieron con el uso de biofertilizante bovino y mantillo en los sustratos regados con agua de alto nivel de salinidad. El uso de agua de alto nivel de salinidad redujo el diametro de la cavidad longitudinal, el diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial, el indice de formato de los frutos, independientemente de la presencia de insumos organicos en el sustrato y aumento el rendimiento de jugo, pulpa y resistencia de la cascara en los tratamientos sin biofertilizante y sin mantillo. El mayor indice de formato del fruto presento el mayor rendimiento de jugo. EnglishThe size and yield of fruit are important in the physical quality of the fruits destined for markets and industry. An experiment was performed to evaluate the form, peel strength and yield of fruits of yellow passion fruit plant produced in substrata with bovine bio-fertilizer and mulching, irrigated with saline water. The treatments were designed in three random blocks using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement; irrigation with non-saline (0.50 dS m-1) and saline (4.50 dS m-1) water, with and without application of bovine biofertilizer and with and without mulching. The passion fruit fruits were harvested when 30% of the peel was yellowish; we evaluated the diameter of the longitudinal cavity (length), diameter of the equatorial cavity (width), fruit form index, peel strength and juice and pulp yield. The substrate with bovine bio-fertilizer and mulching irrigated with high salinity water reduced the diameter of the longitudinal and equatorial cavity, the fruit form index and increased the firmness of the peel of the fruits of the yellow passion fruit plant. However, the use of the bovine biofertilizer and mulching irrigated with non-saline water increased the diameter of the equatorial and longitudinal cavity and the fruit form index.

Physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity1

Melon has a great economic value in the Brazilian market, being one of the crops with the highest growth rate for vegetables exported by the country. In 2016, Brazil ranked 12th in the world production scale, being the largest melon producer in South America, with a national average yield of 25,814 kg ha-1 (FAO 2017, IBGE 2017). Besides the economic and food influence, Brazil also has a great social relevance in the generation of direct and indirect jobs in the Northeast of the country, the ABSTRACT RESUMO

EMERGÊNCIA, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE GERGELIM SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E PROPORÇÕES DE NITRATO E AMÔNIO

In arid and semi-arid regions, the quality of irrigation water varies in geographic terms and during the year, and the occurrence of water with high concentrations of salts is common. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence, growth and production of sesame, cultivar CNPA G3, irrigated with saline water and fertilized with N of different carrier proportions by the ratio of nitrate and ammonium (NO3 -N and NH4 -N) in an experiment conducted in lysimeters arranged in a greenhouse in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The treatments were distributed into randomized blocks using a 5 × 5 factorial scheme relative to levels of irrigation water salinity (ECw; 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m) and five proportions of NO3 -N/NH4 -N (200/0; 150/50; 100/100; 50/150 and 0/200 mg of N kg), with three replicates. The increase in ECw compromised the emergence, growth and production of sesame, cultivar CNPA G3, and the production components were the most sensitive variables. The highest growth in diameter was obtained with the proportion of 200/0 mg kg -1 of NO3 -N/NH4 -N. An ECw level of 3.0 dS m and fertilization with 0/200 mg kg of NO3 -N/NH4 -N promoted deleterious effects on the total mass of sesame fruits and mass of seeds. The interaction between water salinity levels and NO3 /NH4 + proportions significantly affected the number of leaves (at 50 and 70 days after sowing), the total mass of fruits and the mass of seeds.

IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NOS COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO DO GIRASSOL

Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitation of water resources, saline water irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilisation can contribute positively to the expansion of sunflower cultivation in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate production components and yield of sunflower, cv. „Embrapa 122-V2000‟, irrigated with waters of different salinity levels (electrical conductivity – ECw) and fertilised with varying amounts of N in a field experiment in an eutrophic Quartzarenic Neosol from November 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was performed in a completely randomised block design in split plots, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, which corresponded to five ECw levels (0.15, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m) and four N levels (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha), with three replicates and 30 plants per plot. The interaction between water salinity levels and N did not have significant effects on the studied variables; irrigation water salinity had isolated negative effects on the total number of achenes, number of viable achenes, productivity and oil yield of achenes. The increase in N levels stimulated the total number and the number of viable achenes, the mass of 1,000 achenes, capitulum diameter and productivity of achenes of sunflower, cv. „Embrapa 122-V2000‟, but had no effect on the oil content of achenes. N levels of up to 100 kg ha promoted adequate oil content in the achenes of sunflower, cv „Embrapa 122-V2000‟.