Geovani Soares de Lima

Emergência, crescimento e produção da mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The use of saline water in agriculture is becoming a reality in many regions of the world, given the increased demand for fresh water, both for irrigated agriculture, as well as for urban and industrial supply. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels in irrigation water, associated with amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, on the emergence, growth and yield of the castor bean, cv. BRS Energia, in an experiment where plants were maintained in lysimeters under field conditions, at the CCTA / UFCG. A randomised block design in a 5 x 5 factorial with three replications was used to study the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.4, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) associated with five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the dose recommended for testing in pots). The salinity of the irrigation water from 0.4 dS m-1 affects negatively and in a linear manner the percentage of emergence (PE), the emergence speed index (IVE), plant height (AP), the stem diameter (DC), the shoot dry-weight (FSPA) and root dry-weight (FSRaiz) and the seed mass of the primary raceme (MSemRP), whereas increasing levels of nitrogen caused an increase in DC, FSPA and FSRaiz. The application of increasing doses of N reduced the effect of salinity on the DC and FSRaiz of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia.

Crescimento e componentes de produção da mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The research was carried out to evaluate the growth and components of production of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia under different levels of salinity of the irrigation water (CEa) and nitrogen doses under field conditions in an eutrophic Usthorthent of sandy loam texture in the municipality of Pombal, PB. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, testing five levels of salinity of irrigation water - CEa (0.4-control, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) and five N doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg kg-1) in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme with three replications. The increase of CEa from 0.4 dS m-1 reduced the number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), dry mass of the shoots (MSPA), cluster length (CRP), effective cluster length occupied by female flowers (CREFF), total number of seeds in primary cluster (NSRP) and total seed production (PSemT) of the studied castor bean cultivar. The interaction between water salinity and nitrogen dose for NF, DC, MSPA, CRP and CEes - electrical conductivity of the saturation extract of the soil was significant while the increase of nitrogen doses reduced the negative effects of salinity up to the level of 2.4 dS m-1. The CEes increased with increase in CEa and nitrogen doses.

Aspectos de crescimento e produção da mamoneira irrigada com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of castor bean cv. BRS Energia cultivated under irrigation with water of different salinity levels and fertilized with nitrogen doses in an experiment conducted in drainage lysimeters under field conditions at CCTA/UFCG. The statistical design was in a randomized block design, in 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity of the water - ECw (0.3, 1.2, 2.1, 3.0 and 3.9 dS m-1) and four levels of N (70, 100, 130 and 160 mg N kg-1). Irrigation with saline water reduced the growth and yield of castor bean, the observed decrease was in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of leaves and roots, total and viable seed mass. Leaf area being the variable most affected. The application of increasing doses of N increased leaf area and dry weight of leaves. N rates up to 131 mg N kg-1 promoted increase in accumulation of dry matter of roots. Castor bean cv. BRS Energia responded to the interaction between the factors only for the dry weight of stem.

Production in the castor bean cultivated with saline water and dosages of nitrogen

The aim of this research was to evaluate production of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia, when subjected to irrigation with water at different levels of salinity and to fertilization with different levels of nitrogen, in an experiment carried out using lysimeters under field conditions at the experimental area of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), in Pombal, in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. A design of randomised blocks was used in a 5 x 4 factorial, with three replications, to test the combination of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - CEa (0.3, 1.2, 2.1, 3.0 and 3.9 dS m -1 ) and four levels of nitrogen (70, 100, 130 and 160 mg N kg -1 soil). An increase in the salinity of the irrigation water caused a reduction in the number of fruits and seeds, and in the weight of seeds on the primary and secondary raceme. Irrigation with water of up to 3.9 dS m -1 prolonged the issue of primary and secondary racemes in the castor bean, and when subjected to irrigation with a CEa of 3.3 dS m -1 , the oil content of the seeds on the primary raceme was over 48%. The application of increasing levels of nitrogen increased the number of fruits on the primary raceme and the time needed for emission of the secondary raceme. The interaction between the level of salinity of the irrigation water and the level of nitrogen significantly affected the effective length of the primary and secondary raceme, and the oil content in the seeds of subsequent yields.

Physiology, growth and yield of castor bean under salt stress and nitrogen doses in phenophases

El alto crecimiento de la poblacion durante las ultimas decadas y la disminucion de los recursos hidricos, tanto en cantidad como en calidad, han hecho el uso necesario de agua salina en las actividades agricolas. Esta investigacion se realizo para evaluar la influencia del riego con agua salina en las diferentes fases fenologicas en ricino cv. Energia BRS. La investigacion se realizo bajo las condiciones de campo en Pombal-PB, Brasil, desde septiembre de 2011 a enero de 2012. El diseno experimental fue de bloques completos al azar, dispuestos en un diseno factorial 5x2x2 y fue adoptada con tres repeticiones. Se consideraron cinco niveles de conductividad electrica del agua de riego (ECw = 0,3; 1,2 ; 2,1; 3,0 y 3,9 dS m-1); dos estrategias de gestion de la salinidad del agua (riego con agua de baja salinidad durante la etapa vegetativa y la aplicacion de diferentes niveles de salinidad en la fase reproductiva y riego con diferentes niveles de ECw en todo el ciclo de cultivo) y dos dosis de nitrogeno (100 y 160 mg de N kg-1 suelo). Se evaluo materia seca de hojas (DML) y el tallo (DMS); numero de frutos (NFruPC) y numero de semillas (NSeePC) del racimo principal. El riego con ECw superior a 0,3 dS m-1 afecto negativamente a DML y DMS. La mayor acumulacion de materia seca se observo en las plantas que no fueron irrigados con aguas salinas en la fase inicial de desarrollo. El suministro de nitrogeno en dosis de 160 mg N kg -1 suelo aumento el DMS. No se observo efecto interactivo significativo entre los factores y las variables estudiadas.

Crescimento e respostas fisiológicas de espécies arbóreas em solo salinizado tratado com corretivos

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of amendments on the reclamation of a saline-sodic soil and on growth and physiological responses of native species of trees from Caatinga ecosystem. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design. In first experiment, five treatments of soil reclamation were evaluated with four replications. In the second experiment the treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 5 x 4, related to the native species of trees from Caatinga ecosystem and five treatments of reclamation evaluated in the first experiment with three replications. The application of amendments, especially elemental sulfur, decreased salinity and sodicity of salinized soil, favoring the growth and dry matter production of plants. The Caesalpinia ferrea specie was the one that was more tolerant to excess of salts and sodium. Excess of salts and sodium in the soil increased the concentration of sodium and sodium/potassium ratio in the shoots and decreased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaves.

Physiological Indices and Growth of Castor Bean Irrigated With Waters of Different Cationic Nature

It was proposed, in the present study, to evaluate the gas exchange and the growth of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia due to the isolated or mixed cationic nature of irrigation water. The study was conducted in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Greyish Argissolo with a sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with six cationic composition of irrigation water (S1-control, S2-Na+, S3-Ca2+, S4-Na++Ca2+, S5-K+ and S6-Na++Ca2++Mg2+ with four replicates, each composed of five plants. The plants under the control treatment were submitted to irrigation with low salinity water (ECw = 0.6 dS m-1) and the remaining treatments were irrigated with ECw of 4.5 dS m-1 prepared with salts of different cations in chloride form. The gas exchanges and the growth of the castor bean cv. BRS Energy were determined at 100 days after sowing. The gas exchanges and the growth of the castor cv. BRS Energy were more sensitive to the variation in the electrical conductivity of the water compared to the cationic nature of the water, being the least deleterious effect observed in the plants irrigated with potassic water. The plants irrigated with water of potassium composition obtained the highest values for stomatal conductance, transpiration and rate of assimilation of CO2; at 100 days after sowing; the castor bean cv. BRS Energia showed sensitivity to the presence of sodium and calcium salts in irrigation water.

Morphophysiology of ‘Faga 11’ Cashew Rootstock Under Saline Water Irrigation and Exogenous Proline Application

Due to the reduced availability of good-quality water in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, the utilization of saline waters in irrigation became an alternative for the expansion of agriculture in this region. Thus, it is necessary to develop techniques which can make viable the use of these waters in agriculture. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiology of ‘FAGA 11’ cashew rootstock subjected to different levels of irrigation water salinity and exogenous proline application through the leaves. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Campina Grande, at the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Campus of Pombal, PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design, in 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates and two plants per plot. Treatments consisted of different levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity—ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) combined with proline concentrations applied through the leaves—PC (0; 4; 8 and 12 mM). Irrigations with water up to ECw of 1.37 dS m-1 may be used as it causes an acceptable 10% reduction in the variables of morphology of cashew FAGA 11 seedlings. The proline concentrations tested, with the exception of the Dickson’s quality index of seedlings, did not attenuate the deleterious effects of irrigation water salinity on the cashew FAGA 11 rootstock seedlings.

Gas exchanges and production of colored cotton irrigated with saline water at different phenological stages

Scarcity of good-quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, which leads to the use of water with high salt content to irrigate crops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate physiological aspects and production of colored cotton genotypes under saline stress, during the different development stages and under conditions of low and high salinity. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, with a 3 × 7 factorial scheme and three replicates. Treatments corresponded to three colored cotton genotypes irrigated with low-salinity water (0.8 dS m-1) and high-salinity water (9.0 dS m-1): T1-A1B1C1, T2-A2B1C1, T3-A1B2C1, T4-A1B1C2, T5-A2B1C2, T6-A2B2C1 and T7-A1B2C2 (A1, B1 and C1: without salinity and A2, B2 and C2: with salinity; in the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages, respectively). Among the genotypes, BRS Rubi was the most sensitive to irrigation water salinity, regardless of development stage. Successive application of saline water at the flowering and boll formation stages led to drastic reduction in physiological aspects of the crop, with recovery of the plants after the stress was interrupted. Saline water irrigation at initial development stages can be used in the cotton crop for reducing the average time to the beginning of flowering. Seed cotton production was more affected by application of saline water at the flowering and boll formation stages.

Fisiologia e produção de algodoeiro naturalmente colorido submetido a estratégias de irrigação com água salinizada

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation management strategies, using low (0.8 dS m-1) and high (9.0 dS m-1) salinity water, on the physiological processes, production variables, and fiber productivity of naturally-colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes during different phenological stages. Three naturally-colored cotton cultivars (BRS Rubi, BRS Topázio, and BRS Safira) were subjected to seven irrigation management strategies, in a 3x7 factorial arrangement, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plants were cultivated in pots in a protected environment. Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, fiber production, and productivity and yield variables were evaluated. Salt stress causes greater reductions in gas exchange in natural cotton plants during the production stage. Plume cotton production is not compromised by the use of highly salinized water during the initial developmental stages of naturallycolored cotton.