João Carlos Chagas Campos

Modelo de distribuição diamétrica para povoamentos de Eucalyptus sp. submetidos a desbaste

Data used for this study are from a thinning essay established in stands of eucalypt carried out in the Copener Florestal enterprise, in the Northeast region of Bahia State, Brazil. Data were collected in 48 rectangular permanent plots, with an area of 2,600 m2. The first thinning was made at 58 months. Various percentages of basal area reductions were used. The objective of the study was to build and quantitatively evaluate, through statistical tests, a growth and yield model by diameter class for thinned eucalypt stands. The theoretic redistribution of diameters by class was made through equations that include both linear and non-linear relations between the Weibull function parameters in a future age (b2 and g2) and the parameters at the present age (b1 and g1) and with some stand characteristics at the present and future age. Three equations systems were analyzed. The equations were analyzed through the adjusted determination coefficient, the correlation coefficient and the graphical analyses of the residues. Tests were performed to verify the compatibility of the systems and the identity among them. The selected system is compatible and assures the property that when the future age (I2) is equal to the present age (I1), the diametric distribution at the future age is equal to the diametric distribution at the present age. This system generated accurate and consistent estimates of growth and yield per diameter class.

Emprego de um modelo de crescimento e produção em povoamentos desbastados de eucalipto

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the Clutter model in thinned eucalypt stands. The study was developed with data from the Copener Florestal, Bahia Pulp Enterprise, located in the municipality of Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil. Data came from a thinning experiment established in eucalypt stands using a randomized block design with four treatments and three repetitions, each one in a different place, totaling 48 plots with a mean area of 2,600 m2 each. The plots were measured at 27, 40, 50, 58, 61 and 76 months of age, and the thinning was carried out at 58 months. For model adjustment, a system of simultaneous equations was used with stand information such as basal area, volume, age and site index. From the model adjustment, a yield table with variable density was built, and the technical cutting age was determined for various thinning intensities. Simulations were carried out with the yield table. It was concluded that the Clutter model was efficient to predict the present and future yields of the thinned eucalypt stands, showing its usefulness in the analysis of alternative managements, such as the technical cutting age determination for various site indexes and thinning intensities.

Um modelo de distribuição diamétrica para povoamentos de Tectona grandis submetidos a desbaste

The objective of this study was to develop and quantitatively evaluate a diametric distribution model for the management of thinned teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) stands. Model construction involved data from a net of permanent plots established in teak stands, in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, owned by Floresteca Agroflorestal Ltda. A total of 239 permanent plots with a mean area of approximately 490.8 m2 were used. The first thinning was carried out at 58 months (mean value) and consisted in the systematically reduction in approximately 36% of the tree number . The recovery of the diametric distribution was taken from equations comprising linear and non-linear relations between the Weibull function parameters at a future age (b2 and g2) and the parameters at a present age (b1 and g1), and stand characteristics in a present and a future age. Three equations systems were analyzed. Compatibility analyses of each system and identity among them were performed oo verify the consistence of the systems. The selected system guaranteed the property in which if the future age (I2) is equal to the present age (I1), the diametric distribution in the future age is equal to the diametric distribution in the present age. It was concluded that the model is compatible and recommended for thinned stands of Tectona grandis. It was also concluded that the prediction of the Weibull function parameters at a future age in function of the parameters observed at a present age is logical and generates consistent and accurate estimates.

Curvas de crescimento e de índice de local para povoamentos de Tectona grandis em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth tendencies of the stand variables and evaluate alternatives to construct site index curves for teak (Tectona grandis) in stands located in the Tangara da Serra, Mato Grosso state. For this purpose, data from 50 permanent plots with a minimum of four successive measurements were used. The tendencies of growth in height, diameter, basal area and volume were analyzed by means of the regression method, using the Chapman-Richards model. Two methods of construction of site index curves, with different models, were evaluated. The results of the analysis showed that Chapman-Richards model adjusted well to the observed data, describing the growth tendencies of the stand variables. The best alternative for the construction of site index curves was the guide-curve method, using the Chapman-Richards model.

Avaliação de um modelo de distribuição diamétrica ajustado para povoamento de Eucalyptus sp. submetidos a desbaste

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the estimates generated by a diametric distribution model, under the biologic point of view. Another objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the percentage of entries method to determine the technical age for the first and second thinning in eucalypt stands. The qualitative evaluation of the model was carried out through the evaluation of the results obtained by the percentage of entries method, the behavior of the diametric distributions projected for the future, and the behavior of the remaining distributions after some thinning simulations, theoretically, logically and biologically speaking. According to the results it was concluded that the diametric distribution model proposed is biologically correct and consistent. Growth stagnation is stimulated after thinning. It also was concluded that the percentage of entries method is suitable to determine the technical age for the first and second thinning. The model evaluated allows the simulation of various situations, generating consistent estimates and it can be used without restrictions, that is, situations can be simulated with or without the conditions observed in the field.

Thinning Intensity and Pruning Impacts on Eucalyptus Plantations in Brazil

A thinning intensity experiment using the Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid was conducted at three sites in Bahia State, Brazil. The treatments were a combination of thinning intensities and pruning: 20%, 35%, and 50% basal area removed with no pruning and 35% basal area removed plus pruning (at 27 months). Plots were measured roughly annually from 27 to 165 months. Thinning was implemented on all sites at 58 months and again at 142 months at two of the sites. One of the sites was harvested at 87 months of age. A linear mixed model was applied separately to each installation to test for differences among treatments for mean increment of height, dominant height, quadratic mean diameter, and volume outside bark at the plot level. Additionally, differences in mean monthly increment of basal area and volume outside bark as a percentage of the value at the beginning of the increment period were examined. Increased thinning intensity increased all tree-level variables except dominant height. Pruning had no impact. Observed mortality on all plots was quite low. Thinning intensity response varied among sites and with time since thinning; however, the thinning intensity response was consistent through time among the installations.

Growth and yield prediction using the modified Buckman model

A model to manage even-aged stands was developed using a modification of the Buckman model. Data from Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus cloeziana stands located in the Northern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil were used in the formulation of the system. The proposed model generated precise and unbiased estimates in non-thinned stands.

Use data from permanent sampling points in growth and yield modeling

This study was carried to evaluate the efficiency of the Bitterlich method in growth and yield modeling of the even-aged Eucalyptus stands. 25 plots were setup in Eucalyptus grandis cropped under a high bole system in the Central Western Region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sampling points were setup in the center of each plot. The data of four annual mesurements were colleted and used to adjust the three model types using the age, the site index and the basal area as independent variables. The growths models were fitted for volume and mass of trees. The efficiency of the Bitterlich method was confirmed for generating the data for growth and yield modeling.

REGULATION OF EVEN-AGED FORESTS WITH INCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

This study aimed to propose alternative methods of inclusion of environmental constraints in forest regulation models. Models were constructed for an experimental rural estate with a total planted area of 3.491 ha which was divided into 135 management units. The formulation of the regulation models included integer constraints for all management units. Genetic algorithm metaheuristic was used for solving the models. For comparison purposes, the classical model of forest regulation (model I) was used, and the model with adjacency constraints. The proposed formulations proved to be environmentally more effective than the imposition of adjacency constraints.

Regulação de florestas equiâneas com restrição de classes de idade por compartimento

Conduziu-se este estudo, com o objetivo de apresentar a formulacao de modelos alternativos de regulacao da floresta, com a inclusao de caracteristicas ambientais e sociais para o manejo da paisagem. Os modelos foram construidos para uma fazenda modelo, com uma area de efetivo plantio de 3.491 ha, divididos em 135 unidades de manejo. Os modelos de regulacao foram formulados como modelo I, incluindo restricoes de integridade para as unidades de gestao. Utilizou-se meta-heuristica algoritmo genetico para resolver os modelos. As propostas alternativas formuladas foram: (i) a formulacao classica de um modelo de regulacao, (ii) a aplicacao de restricoes de adjacencia e, (iii) a restricao das classes de idade por compartimento. Os modelos foram avaliados, economicamente, pelo valor presente liquido (VPL) e, ambientalmente, pelo Indice de Area de Colheita (IAC). A aplicacao da tecnica de algoritmo genetico foi eficiente para resolucao dos modelos construidos com restricoes de carater socioeconomico e ambiental. A imposicao de restricoes de adjacencia reduziu o VPL global em cerca de 8%, e a restricao de classes de idade por compartimento foi igual a 5%, quando esta foi exigida no setimo ano. A imposicao das restricoes de adjacencia e por compartimento apresentaram uma melhoria na qualidade ambiental do modelo de regulacao demonstrada pelo IAC.