João Eduardo Schossler

Laparoscopia diagnóstica em cães: análise de 27 casos

Laparoscopy was used for the visualization of abdominal viscera of 27 dogs afflicted with different pathologies. In all cases general anesthesia was applied. An incision was made on the ventral midline approximately 1cm caudal to the navel. At this point a trocar was introduced for the production of pneumoperitoneum. After that, the optical probe was introduced for inspection of the abdominal cavity. The different organs were visually identified by their external morphology. Moreover, the exam also allowed the identification of different pathologies. In two cases of splenic and pancreatic atrophy, as well as in case of hepatic necrosis the laparoscopic examination was instrumental for the understanding of the disease, leading to a final diagnostic confirmed by histopathological analysis. The presence of hepato-frenic adhesion was immediately identified in one case, helping in the planning of corrective surgery. Cases of piometritis in initial stages were identified thanks to the laparoscopic exam, since biochemical and radiological data was highly inconclusive. The laparoscopy determined the impossibility of surgical removal of two hepatic tumors and one case of intestinal neoplasia. The results most likely influenced the request for euthanasia by the owners. The present observations agree with citations in which laparoscopy cannot avoid major surgery, however it gives valuable information regarding the conditions of the tissues and the extension of the lesions.

Análise biomecânica ex vivo de dois métodos de osteossíntese de fratura diafisária transversal em fêmur de cães

The aim of this study was to compare ex vivo, in 12 pars of bone, the axial compression and bending strength of two transversal diaphiseal fracture reducing devices in canine femur of dogs weighting 5 to 10kg. One method using two intramedullary pins of Steinmann 2.0mm diameter, and the other using cortical internal transfixator with two intramedullary pins of Steinmann 2.0mm diameter, which posteriorly turned-up around the bone like a splint and fixed with surgeon wire cerclage 0.6mm diameter, to fix them. The fractured and stabilized bones, after the fragments reduction, were put on test under the strength of a Soloteste® press, where the ones from group G2 (internal skelethic transfixation) presented a statistically significant superiority of the fixation device stiffness in relation to those from group G1 (intramedullary pin).

Análise clínica, radiológica, macroscópica e histológica do úmero de codornas domésticas (Coturnix japonica), submetido ao implante da poliuretana derivada do polímero de mamona (Ricinnus communis)

In orthopedic surgery there are frequently situations in which the surgeon faces severe bone losses caused by high-energy trauma, tumors or infections. Repairing these losses require knowledge about filling materials. Those materials can be biological, synthetic or metallic, with emphasis in bony grafts and biomaterial implants. The increase of the use of birds as pets is leading to an increasing number of clinical and surgical cases related to this taxon, where fractures are the most commonly observed surgical problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical, radiological, macroscopic and microscopic effects of the polyurethane derived from castor oil (Ricinus communis) polymer, when implanted in the humerus of domestic quails (Coturnix japonica). Twenty male and female quails, were used randomly distributed in four groups of five individuals. The birds received the implants in the left humerus, being submitted to daily physical examination during the postoperative period, immediate and biweekly radiological examination, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days. Clinically, there were not observed local, regional or systemic changes. Radiologically, increase in local density was observed with no signs of changes in bone or adjacent tissue, as well as in the air sacs. Macroscopic analysis revealed that the polyurethane derived from castor oil polymer was not absorbed in none of the four groups, remaining implanted within the pneumatic bone. Its resistance, however, has changed. Microscopic examination evidenced minimum inflammatory reaction, slight fibrosis around the implants, and osteo-integration with presence of trabeculi and bone marrow inside the implants. Concluding, implants of polyurethane derived from castor oil polymer are biocompatible in quails, with occurrence of osteo-integration, and can be used in orthopedic surgery in this species.In orthopedic surgery there are frequently situations in which the surgeon faces severe bone losses caused by high-energy trauma, tumors or infections. Repairing these losses require knowledge about filling materials. Those materials can be biological, synthetic or metallic, with emphasis in bony grafts and biomaterial implants. The increase of the use of birds as pets is leading to an increasing number of clinical and surgical cases related to this taxon, where fractures are the most commonly observed surgical problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical, radiological, macroscopic and microscopic effects of the polyurethane derived from castor oil (Ricinus communis) polymer, when implanted in the humerus of domestic quails (Coturnix japonica). Twenty male and female quails, were used randomly distributed in four groups of five individuals. The birds received the implants in the left humerus, being submitted to daily physical examination during the postoperative period, immediate and biweekly radiological examination, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days. Clinically, there were not observed local, regional or systemic changes. Radiologically, increase in local density was observed with no signs of changes in bone or adjacent tissue, as well as in the air sacs. Macroscopic analysis revealed that the polyurethane derived from castor oil polymer was not absorbed in none of the four groups, remaining implanted within the pneumatic bone. Its resistance, however, has changed. Microscopic examination evidenced minimum inflammatory reaction, slight fibrosis around the implants, and osteo-integration with presence of trabeculi and bone marrow inside the implants. Concluding, implants of polyurethane derived from castor oil polymer are biocompatible in quails, with occurrence of osteo-integration, and can be used in orthopedic surgery in this species.

Restauração do diafragma de felino com enxerto autólogo de pericárdio

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de enxerto autologo de pericardio para correcao de defeitos diafragmaticos em felinos. METODOS: Foram utilizados doze gatos domesticos, adultos, sem raca definida, pesando entre dois e quatro quilogramas. O procedimento cirurgico consistiu de toracotomia no 7o espaco intercostal esquerdo, remocao de um retalho do pericardio de, aproximadamente, 2,0 x 4,0 cm e sutura desse em um defeito de tamanho aproximado criado no diafragma. Cinco animais foram observados por um periodo de 30 dias de pos-operatorio e o restante em 60 dias, quando foram submetidos a eutanasia para observacao macroscopica e coleta de amostras para avaliacao histologica. RESULTADOS: Foi observada nos animais do grupo de 30 dias, substituicao parcial e no grupo de 60 dias, substituicao total do enxerto de pericardio por tecido fibrovascular, permitindo o restabelecimento completo do diafragma. Macroscopicamente, foi verificada presenca de aderencia na cavidade toracica, com o pulmao e pleura parietal e, na cavidade abdominal, com o figado e omento, porem, sem comprometimento clinico das estruturas envolvidas. CONCLUSAO: O enxerto autologo felino pode ser utilizado para reparacao de defeitos diafragmaticos, pois suporta a diferenca de pressao presente, sendo substituido por tecido cicatricial, sem apresentar sinais clinicos e histologicos de rejeicao.

Correção de defeito ósseo femural em cães utilizando implante cortical homólogo conservado em mel

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilizacao de osso canino conservado em mel como implante em defeitos osseos criados em femures de caes. METODOS: Doze caninos adultos foram submetidos a remocao de um segmento osseo retangular compreendendo um terco do diâmetro do osso por 2cm de comprimento da diafise femural. Posteriormente foram inseridos dois pinos intramedulares e fixado um implante osseo conservado de tamanho compativel com o defeito atraves de cerclagem com fio de aco. Os animais foram avaliados radiograficamente no dia da intervencao cirurgica e aos 30 e 60 dias. RESULTADOS: Apos o final dos 60 dias foi possivel verificar incorporacao do implante em oito animais enquanto que em quatro houve reabsorcao do material implantado. CONCLUSAO: O mel pode ser adequado como conservante de ossos.

Reduçäo fechada e fixaçäo esquelética externa tipo II para o tratamento de fraturas de tibiotarso em pombos domésticos (Columba livia)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of closed reduction and type-II external skeletal fixation for treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). Twelve adult domestic pigeons were used. Anesthesia was induced with xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride; the right tibiotarsus was manually fractured by digital pressure applied at the mid-diaphysis. Four Kirschner wires were placed through both cortices of the bone, two proximal and two distal to the fracture site, and, after closed reduction of the fracture, they were stabilized by two acrilic bars, one in the lateral and another in the medial surface of the tibiotarsus. Abnormalities in bone angulation were observed radiographically in five birds; however, the function of the limb was not noticeably impaired. The mean time ± standard deviation for fracture healing was 24.8 ± 4.89 days. The results of this experiment demonstrate that closed reduction and application of a type-II external skeletal fixation are effective for treatment of tibiotarsus fracture in domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

Modificações do fixador externo para osteossíntese umeral em pombos domésticos

This paper was aimed at evaluating two changes in the external fixators for osteosynthesis of the humeral fracture that induce the correction of the humeral fracture in pigeons. The reduction of diaphyseal fracture was made with an intramedulary pin associated to another perpendicular one inserted into the distal segment (Group A - GA); in the Group B (GB) an additional pin was used in the proximal fragment. All the pigeons were evaluated clinically and radiographically up to 60 days, except for four of each group which were submitted to euthanasia at 15, 22, 29 and 36 days for the macro and microscope exams. The flight test was successful in all pigeons. The bone calus was radiografically visible only in the GA; the mean time and the standard deviation for flight was 32.25 ± 6.5 days for the GA and 39.8 ± 3.83 for the GB. The mean time and standard deviation for fracture healing was 36 ± 0 days in the GA and 34 ± 3.4 in the GB. The two types of external fixator evaluated were efficient to stabilized the fracture site allowing complete consolidation and return to function. The use of the external fixator with two perpendicular pins provides more stability at the fracture site although it is necessary more time for the surgery procedure.

Fixação esquelética externa para artrodese de joelho em papagaio (Amazona aestiva)

Professor do Curso de Medicina Veterinaria, Doutor, Departamento de Clinica de Pequenos Animais, UFSM, RS.RESUMOFoi atendido no Hospital Veterinario daUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria um psitacideo da especieAmazona aestiva, com cinco meses de idade, 320 gramas, queapresentava desvio rotacional do membro direito na sua porcaodistal ao joelho. Ao exame radiografico identificou-se luxacao dojoelho. Como tratamento, foi realizada artrodese dessaarticulacao, utilizando-se um fixador esqueletico externotransarticular. Apos 60 dias do procedimento cirurgico, houvecompleta uniao (artrodese) entre o femur e o tibiotarso, e a aveutilizava adequadamente o membro.Palavras-chave

Goniometria da articulação tíbio-tarsal após imobilização temporária com fixador esquelético externo em cães

In this study, 10 clinically healthy adult mongrel dogs were submitted to the temporary immobilization of the hock with external skeletal fixation. The aim of this procedure was to evaluate, using a manual goniometer, the flexion, the extension and the range of motion of the tarsocrural joint after immobilization in a functional angle of 135o for 45 days. The animals presented discomfort in relation to the articular manipulation for the goniometric exam on the day of the removal of the apparatus, demonstrating pain in the passive flexion and extension of the limb, and such difficulty disappeared after three days. It was observed that the temporary immobilization of the articulation obtained by the external skeletal fixation promotes statistically significant loss in the degree of flexion, extension and range of motion of the tarsocrural joint immediately after the removal of the apparatus. However, after seven days of this removal, for extension, and fifteen days, for flexion and range of motion of the articulation, this loss is not verified.

Função renal de cães tratados com doses terapêuticas de flunixin meglumine e ketoprofen durante o trans e pós-operatório

It has been reported in the literature several clinical cases of renal failure after the use of flunixin meglumine in normal healthy dogs. Based on these reports this study was developed to evaluate the renal function of normal healthy dogs. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were measured in four groups of 5 dogs submitted to a single surgical procedure. Two groups received flunixin meglumine and the other two ketoprofen, both in therapeutic dosages. The results showed values of BUN and serum creatinine within normal range for dogs. It is fair to conclude that flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen do not produce renal failure when administered during the peri-operative period in normal healthy dogs.