Gabriele Maria Callegaro Serafini

Implante sintético como estabilizador articular, após desmotomia dos ligamentos cruzados de cães: proposição de técnica

The ligament rupture (LC) is an illness diagnosed in most dogs with joint problems, and the most common cause of degenerative joint disease of the knee joint. This study aimed to evaluate clinically the action of a polypropylene mesh as the only substitute for cranial cruciate ligament and flow of dogs, highlighting features of the technique proposed here. It was used 20 dogs which underwent unilateral desmotomy cranial and caudal LC. Twenty-one days after the desmotomy, all were treated surgically by the technique of open reduction, with implantation of polypropylene replacing only the cranial LC. The proposed technique has shown rapid implementation and low soft tissue dissection, early return to ambulation, adequate strength of the implant without associated external immobilization and absence of articular reaction until 90 days after surgery.

Surgical time and complications of total transvaginal (total-NOTES), single-port laparoscopic-assisted and conventional ovariohysterectomy in bitches

The recently developed minimally invasive techniques of ovariohysterectomy (OVH) have been studied in dogs in order to optimize their benefits and decrease risks to the patients. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical time, complications and technical difficulties of transvaginal total-NOTES, single-port laparoscopic-assisted and conventional OVH in bitches. Twelve bitches were submitted to total-NOTES (NOTES group), while 13 underwent single-port laparoscopic-assisted (SPLA group) and 15 were submitted to conventional OVH (OPEN group). Intra-operative period was divided into 7 stages: (1) access to abdominal cavity; (2) pneumoperitoneum; approach to the right (3) and left (4) ovarian pedicle and uterine body (5); (6) abdominal or vaginal synthesis, performed in 6 out of 12 patients of NOTES; (7) inoperative time. Overall and stages operative times, intra and postoperative complications and technical difficulties were compared among groups. Mean overall surgical time in NOTES (25.7±6.8 minutes) and SPLA (23.1±4.0 minutes) groups were shorter than in the OPEN group (34.0±6.4 minutes) (P<0.05). The intraoperative stage that required the longest time was the approach to the uterine body in the NOTES group and abdominal and cutaneous sutures in the OPEN group. There was no difference regarding the rates of complications. Major complications included postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation in a bitch in the OPEN group, while minor complications included mild vaginal discharge in four patients in the NOTES group and seroma in three bitches in the SPLA group. In conclusion, total-NOTES and SPLA OVH were less time-consuming then conventional OVH in bitches. All techniques presented complications, which were properly managed.

Ovariossalpingo-histerectomia em cadelas: comparação da dor e análises cardiorrespiratória, pressórica e hemogasométrica nas abordagens convencional, por NOTES híbrida e NOTES total

A cirurgia endoscopica por orificios naturais (NOTES) e um novo conceito de abordagem videocirurgica, que surge como alternativa a cirurgia convencional, eliminando incisoes abdominais e as possiveis complicacoes relacionadas a ela. A proposta deste artigo foi comparar tecnicas de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH) em cadelas, buscando determinar o procedimento que oferece menores alteracoes hemodinâmicas e menos estimulos dolorosos trans e pos-operatorio. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 cadelas alocadas em tres grupos. No primeiro, os pacientes foram submetidos a OSH por celiotomia (GC), no segundo por meio da tecnica de NOTES hibrida (GNH) e no terceiro (GNT), utilizando-se a tecnica de NOTES total. O tempo cirurgico do GNH foi significativamente maior que nos demais grupos. Em ambos os grupos de cirurgia NOTES, verificou-se diminuicao das pressoes arteriais medias e diastolicas no transoperatorio. Apenas o grupo GNH desenvolveu acidose severa no transoperatorio. Levando-se em consideracao as avaliacoes da dor, apenas o grupo convencional necessitou de analgesia resgate transcirurgica. No pos-operatorio, observou-se que os caes do GC apresentaram indices mais elevados na escala visual analogica e na escala de Melbourne que os animais dos demais grupos, sendo necessaria analgesia resgate em 100% deles. Em contraste, no GNT nenhum dos caes requereram complementacao analgesica pos-operatoria. Conclui-se que a tecnica de OSH por NOTES total apresenta parâmetros cardiorrespiratorios e hemogasometricos semelhantes a tecnica convencional e mais estaveis que a tecnica de NOTES hibrida, bem como resulta em menor dor trans e pos-operatoria que a tecnica convencional.

Açúcar granulado ou em gel no tratamento de feridas em cães

Sugar is one of the most widely used products in the treatment of wounds in veterinary medicine. Its main advantage is the hygroscopic effect on tissues and the bacterial death by plasmolysis, making it a bactericidal agent due to the physical effect observed, without leading to bacterial resistance. The aim of this experiment was to compare cicatricial evolution of cutaneous wounds with the topical use of sugar either granulated or as gel. Sixteen canine wounds were treated: eight with granulated sugar (group A) and eight with sugar gel (group G). Treatment time, independent of the group, took at least seven days and a maximum of 14. Concerning applicability, gel sugar showed better adhesion to wounds and subcutaneous filling more effectively that granulated sugar. It is concluded that both granulated and gel sugar were effective in healing skin wounds, the gel being precocious in cicatricial retraction within the first seven days of treatment.

Diferentes tempos de eletroestimulação neuromuscular (eenm) de média frequência (kotz) em cães

The aim of this study was to use medium frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in femoral quadriceps muscle of dogs with induced muscular atrophy to evaluate the occurrence of mass gain in these muscles and to compare NMES in different periods of treatment. Eight dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg, were randomly placed in two groups: GI (NMES for 30min), GII, (NMES for 60min). For the muscular atrophy induction, the right knee was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. NMES was carried out in the dogs of which groups, three times a week, in between 48h each session, in a period of 60 days. The parameters measured were: thigh perimetry, knee goniometry, creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle, collected through a muscular biopsy. There was no significant difference regarding the values of thigh perimetry and CK enzyme activity. The goniometry presented a significant increase (P<0.05) in the groups GI and GII at 30 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. In the vastus lateralis fibers morphometry, a significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in the transversal area of the treated groups GI e GII at 90 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. Thus, it can be concluded that NMES of medium frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after induced muscular atrophy. NMES for 60min (GII) presents a greater muscular gain related to the GI.

Análise biomecânica ex vivo de dois métodos de osteossíntese de ílio em cães

This study evaluated the biomechanical use of cortical allografts preserved in honey for the stabilization of transverse osteotomy of ilium in dogs, as well as the use of wire hemicerclage alone against the bending forces. Thirteen canine were tested bilaterally, where one side was stabilized with bone graft and the other with wire hemicerclage alone. The prototypes stabilized with bone graft were statistically more resistant to strength flexion than those wire hemicerclage used alone. The results showed that the use of cortical bone implants is a viable alternative for fixing the iliac osteotomy in dogs.

Ensaio biomecânico para determinação do diâmetro de barra conectora de polimetilmetacrilato em fixador esquelético externo tipo Ia no úmero de suínos

Master’s Dissertation Post-graduated Program in Veterinary Medicine Santa Maria Federal University Biomechanical test to determination the diameter of the polymethylmethacrylate bar in external skeletal fixator type Ia: in swine humerus. Author: Bernardo Schmitt Advisor: Maurício Veloso Brun Date and Place of Defense: Santa Maria, February 26, 2014. While seemingly inert appearance, bones are highly dynamic structures, which promote formation, resorption, repair and maintenance of homeostasis. Fractures in bones occur when the load applied to a specific bone region exceeds its resilience. The use of external skeletal fixator (ESF) is a method of fairly common internal stabilization, in which connector bars polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are used without criterion in diameter. In these cases, it can break if it gets too thin or too heavy and uncomfortable when bulky. The aim of this study was to test biomechanical through axial compression and bending, considering different connector bar diameter PMMA correlated to bone diameter for use to type Ia ESF. For this, it was collected 24 swine humerus to make measurements of length, diameter, circumference and testing biomechanical. After the bars confected with 1.5 times the average diameter of the bone (group I), the same diameter bone (group II) and 0.5 times the diameter of the bone (group III). The results obtained, it was observed that the connector bars in group II were more resistant than the bones in the compression test. In the bending test, the bones resisted flexion strength when compared to group III. The group II was 4.3 times more resistant than Group III in the same mechanical test. The results allow a direction for making bars PMMA considering bone diameter as a reference.

Osteossíntese biológica em tíbia de cão com aplicação de fixador esquelético externo: relato de caso

Osteossintese biologica e o tratamento dado, principalmente, as fraturas cominutivas diafisarias em quenao e possivel a reducao anatomica precisa dos fragmentos osseos, preservando o alinhamento articularsem interferir no suprimento sanguineo local. A fixacao pode ser alcancada atraves de longa ponte na areade fratura usando parafusos bloqueados, placas em ponte ou fixadores esqueleticos externos que levam acicatrizacao do tecido osseo fraturado. Demonstrou-se a utilizacao com sucesso desse principio em cao comfratura cominutiva iatrogenica da tibia causada pela colocacao equivocada do fixador esqueletico externo(FEE). A reintervencao cirurgica com a aplicacao do FEE baseando-se nos principios da osteossintese biologicapromoveu estabilidade aos fragmentos osseos envolvidos e garantiu boa cicatrizacao do tecido.

Células-tronco mononucleares associadas ao plasma rico em plaquetas na consolidação de falha óssea no cão. Estudo piloto

A padronizacao de tecnicas e o teste da associacao do Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP) e das Celulas-Tronco Mononucleares (CTMs) na consolidacao de falhas osseas corticais, por meio de avaliacao clinica, biomecânica, radiologica e histologica, e avaliada em um estudo piloto. Foram utilizados seis caes adultos, femeas, sem raca definida, pesando entre 5 e 10kg, separados por sorteio aleatorio em seis tratamentos. Foi confeccionada uma falha eliptica de 1,0x0,4cm na cortical medial diafisaria da tibia direita de cada animal, sendo preenchida de acordo com o tratamento proposto. No cao I, a falha foi preenchida com solucao fisiologica (SF); no II, com o PRP; no III, com a fracao total das celulas mononucleares (FTCM); no IV, com a fracao vascular estromal (FVE); no V, com o PRP associado a FTCM; no VI, com a associacao PRP e FVE. Foram realizadas avaliacoes: clinicas, diariamente; dos graus de claudicacao, semanalmente; radiologica e perimetria da coxa, antes, no pos-operatorio imediato, aos 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias; biomecânica, antes do procedimento, aos 10, 20 e 30 dias; e biopsias, aos 15 e 30 dias. A FTCM obteve uma contagem e viabilidade media de 2,0x108cel. e 90%, respectivamente, enquanto a FVE obteve 3x106cel. e 50%. O PRP concentrou, em media, sete vezes o numero inicial de plaquetas do sangue total, de 250.000 µl-1 plaquetas no sangue total para 1.750.000 µl-1 plaquetas no PRP. Obteve-se padronizacao adequada de tecnicas, possibilitando o teste da associacao entre as celulas-tronco mononucleares (CTMs) e o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), assim como seu uso isolado, no reparo de falhas osseas corticais, indicando a possibilidade de a associacao FTCM e PRP ser o melhor tratamento.

Análise biomecânica ex vivo de diferentes técnicas de osteossíntese ilíaca

Pelvic fractures are mostly multiple due to the local configuration and the poor muscle-tendinous support in the region. Surgical intervention must be considered in animals with a significant reduction of the pelvic canal, acetabulum fracture, coxo-femoral articulation instability or unilateral or bilateral instability. The aim of this research is to biomechanically test four different models of iliac osteosynthesis. It was used 40 swine hemipelvis, which were submitted to iliac body osteotomy and stabilized with simple hemi-cerclage, double hemi-cerclage, Steinmann pins fixated with methylmethacrylate (MMA) and cortical bone screws fixated with MMA. The compression strength necessary to deform the double hemi-cerclage (2525.2N) and the pins with MMA (2794.9N) did not differ statistically and these models presented higher resistance to the compression strength. Among the tested techniques, the double hemi-cerclage is more resistant for osteosynthesis of the body of the ilium pigs.