João Euclides Fernandes Braga

Formação de Enfermeiros na perspectiva da Reforma Psiquiátrica

This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position.This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position. Descriptors: work process; teaching of nursing; psychiatric reform Title: Education of Nurses in the Perspective of the Psychiatric Reform

ANSIEDADE PATOLÓGICA: BASES NEURAIS E AVANÇOS NA ABORDAGEM PSICOFARMACOLÓGICA

Objective: To present an updated and broad perspective of anxiety concerning its pathological manifestation, neural bases and the progress in its psychopharmacological therapeutic approach. Method: It was conduced a literature review whose source of research was papers indexed by the database Pubmed, Medline and researches from specific books that investigated the anxiety in its pathological aspect. Results: As regards the genesis of anxiety disorders, several neurotransmitters are involved since they participate, in a greater or lesser degree, in the modulation and regulation of defensive behaviors. The evidence obtained so far allows noting the progress achieved in the treatment of anxiety disorders with the use of benzodiazepines and, more recently, antidepressants. New alternatives for the treatment of the anxiety-related disorders involve researches related to the discovery of new antidepressants, to the use of neuroactive peptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotropin releasing factor (CRH), neuropeptide Y, and antagonists of glutamatergic NMDA receptor. Conclusion: Advances can be observed in the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders mainly by using antidepressants. However, there is still a long way to be followed in order to find new therapeutic options for these disorders.

A PROPÓSITO DA DIVERSIDADE, CULTURA E SAÚDE MENTAL: NOVAS DIMENSÕES PARA A COMPREENSÃO DA LOUCURA

The authors discuss psychiatric models, highlighting in Brazil the perspectives of the Psychiatric Reform and the defense of deinstitutionalization of illness and of the individual considered mentally ill. It is assumed that the meaning of insanity is broader and deeper than its cut just as mental illness. In this regard, it is noteworthy that the understanding of this trend requires taking into consideration the different dimensions of reality, among those are: epistemology, legal-policy, technical assistance and socio-cultural dimension. Therefore, institutional changes such as those expected with the emancipatory psychiatric reform, cannot be only marginal, cosmetic, or pointed to technical specificities, but must necessarily encompass the ideological aspects of power, resulting in the production of conditions for dialogue on topics still misunderstood in their complexity such as madness. DESCRIPTORS: Mental Health. Psychiatry. Health Care Reform.

Education of Nurses in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform

This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position.This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position. Descriptors: work process; teaching of nursing; psychiatric reform Title: Education of Nurses in the Perspective of the Psychiatric Reform

Clinical Models And Evaluation Measures In The Study Of Experimental Anxiety

Objectives: the following review aims to present accumulated evidence in the literature around the main human models for induction of anxiety and the measures frequently used for its evaluation. Method: It was made a bibliographic research having as source of research articles listed by Pubmed and Medline databases and research in specific books which have investigated the main human models for experimental anxiety induction and the measurements frequently used for its evaluation. Discussion: Both the psychological and chemical models for anxiety induction present ethical limits and are constituted of fundamental links between basic research and therapeutic tests done with the patients. The psychological and/or physiological measures for evaluating experimentally produced anxiety reflect body changes that express the level of the elicited anxiety. Conclusion: The use of clinical models and evaluation measures in the study of experimental anxiety makes possible, under the scientific research, understanding the neurobiological substrate of anxiety in its pathological manifestation, beyond evaluating drugs with anxyolitic potential.

Music as a Therapeutic Assistant: Strategy to Reduce Work Stress

Objective: to understand the influence of music as a therapeutic assistant in reducing work stress of nursing professionals in a basic health unit. Method: it is an exploratory and descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed with 9 nursing professionals from UBS Integrated Nova Esperanca in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba. Data collection began after approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraiba, no. 0508/16, CAAE: 58741916.6.0000.5188. Results: we identified that 33.3% of nursing professionals presented signs of stress, of the 33.3% who presented stress, 100% demonstrated to be in the resistance phase, 100% of the nursing professionals evaluated the musical strategy in a positive way. Conclusion: the musical strategy received extremely positive evaluations by the participants of the research, about 100% of professionals said that listening to music can reduce work stress.

Anxiety In Nurses Of A School Hospital Of The Paraíba State

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate levels of anxiety-trait and state presented by nurses from a hospital environment during the work process. METHOD: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed with a sample of 30 nurses. Data collection was done through the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE-T and IDATE-E) and an identification questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The software GraphPad Prism was used for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: The results showed that, 12 nurses presented scores corresponding to high levels of anxiety-trait. It was also observed that the highest levels of anxiety are present in the female gender, in the age group of 31-40 years, in individuals that are single, who have more than one employment, with less than 10 years of professional activity and who do not practice physical activities. CONCLUSION: It was observed a high level of anxiety-state in a third of the respondents, and it becomes essential for the organizational field to detect sectors that trigger stress and anxiety due to the type of clientele.

Anxiolytic Effect of Citrus aurantium L. in Crack Users

The objective of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of the essential oil (EO) of Citrus aurantium L. in patients experiencing crack withdrawal. This was developed with internal users in therapeutic communities in Paraíba, Brazil. The test population consisted of 51 volunteers, subdivided into three groups. To elicit anxiety, the Simulated Public Speaking (SPS) method was used. Physiological measures were assessed at specific phases during the experiment using appropriate equipment. Psychological measures of anxiety were assessed using the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) and the Analog Smoke Scale (HAS). EO was administered by nebulization. The experiment was developed in individual sessions and consolidated to four phases. The results demonstrated that the test subjects in the groups that were given the EO maintained controlled anxiety levels during SPS, when compared to the Control Group (no treatment). Subjects who used the EO also maintained levels of “discomfort” and “cognitive impairment” during SPS. It was concluded that individuals who are experiencing internal crack cocaine withdrawal present high anxiety traits and that nebulization of the EO of Citrus aurantium L. provided an acute anxiolytic effect in crack cocaine users exposed to SPS.

JOGOS COOPERATIVOS E RELAXAMENTO RESPIRATÓRIO: EFEITO SOBRE CRAVING E ANSIEDADE

Introducao: O uso de substâncias psicoativas e uma pratica milenar e universal, que acompanha a historia da humanidade. Na atualidade, o crack se alastrou pelo mundo por ter maior potencial de dependencia comparado a outras drogas, visto que os usuarios apresentam dificuldade para interromper o uso do crack, enfrentar o craving e a ansiedade. E essencial que haja uma abordagem multidisciplinar e integral do usuario, com a utilizacao de tecnicas cognitivo-comportamentais que enfoquem as estrategias de prevencao de recaida. Nesse contexto, os jogos cooperativos (JC) e o relaxamento respiratorio (RR) constituem possiveis estrategias para manejo terapeutico. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilizacao dos JC e do RR como estrategias de enfrentamento do craving e da ansiedade em usuarios de crack em situacao de dependencia. Metodo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratoria, quase experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma unidade de desintoxicacao para dependencia quimica do estado da Paraiba. Resultados: A amostra foi constituida por 40 colaboradores dependentes de crack, com idade superior a 18 anos. Para avaliacao dos efeitos dos JC e do RR sobre o craving e a ansiedade foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) e o Inventario de Ansiedade Traco-Estado (IDATE-E). Os resultados demonstraram que os JC e o RR reduziram os escores do craving total e da ansiedade. Quanto ao fator F1, apenas os JC apresentaram resultados satisfatorios. Conclusao: Os JC e o RR demonstraram eficacia como estrategias de enfrentamento do craving e ansiedade em usuarios de crack em situacao de dependencia nas condicoes em que o estudo foi desenvolvido.Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is an ancient and universal practice, which accompanies the history of humanity. Currently, the crack spread across the world because it has greater potential for addiction compared to other drugs since users find it difficult to stop the use of crack and cope with craving and anxiety. It is essential to have a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the user, with the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques that address the relapse prevention strategies. In this context, the cooperative games (CGs) and the relaxation breathing (RB) are possible strategies for therapeutic management. Objectives: To evaluate the use of CG and RB as craving and anxiety coping strategies in crack users in addiction situation. Methods: This is an exploratory research, almost experimental, with a quantitative approach, developed in a detoxification unit for chemical dependence in the state of Paraíba. Results: The sample consisted of 40 crack addict volunteers older than 18 years. To evaluate the effects of CG and RB on craving and anxiety the following instruments were used: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E). The results showed that the CG and RB reduced the scores of the total craving and anxiety. As for the F1 factor, only CG showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: CG and RB demonstrated efficacy as coping strategies for craving and anxiety in crack users in addiction situation in the conditions under which the study was developed.

COOPERATIVE GAMES AND RESPIRATORY RELAXATION: EFFECT ON CRAVING AND ANXIETY

Introducao: O uso de substâncias psicoativas e uma pratica milenar e universal, que acompanha a historia da humanidade. Na atualidade, o crack se alastrou pelo mundo por ter maior potencial de dependencia comparado a outras drogas, visto que os usuarios apresentam dificuldade para interromper o uso do crack, enfrentar o craving e a ansiedade. E essencial que haja uma abordagem multidisciplinar e integral do usuario, com a utilizacao de tecnicas cognitivo-comportamentais que enfoquem as estrategias de prevencao de recaida. Nesse contexto, os jogos cooperativos (JC) e o relaxamento respiratorio (RR) constituem possiveis estrategias para manejo terapeutico. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilizacao dos JC e do RR como estrategias de enfrentamento do craving e da ansiedade em usuarios de crack em situacao de dependencia. Metodo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratoria, quase experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma unidade de desintoxicacao para dependencia quimica do estado da Paraiba. Resultados: A amostra foi constituida por 40 colaboradores dependentes de crack, com idade superior a 18 anos. Para avaliacao dos efeitos dos JC e do RR sobre o craving e a ansiedade foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) e o Inventario de Ansiedade Traco-Estado (IDATE-E). Os resultados demonstraram que os JC e o RR reduziram os escores do craving total e da ansiedade. Quanto ao fator F1, apenas os JC apresentaram resultados satisfatorios. Conclusao: Os JC e o RR demonstraram eficacia como estrategias de enfrentamento do craving e ansiedade em usuarios de crack em situacao de dependencia nas condicoes em que o estudo foi desenvolvido.Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is an ancient and universal practice, which accompanies the history of humanity. Currently, the crack spread across the world because it has greater potential for addiction compared to other drugs since users find it difficult to stop the use of crack and cope with craving and anxiety. It is essential to have a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the user, with the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques that address the relapse prevention strategies. In this context, the cooperative games (CGs) and the relaxation breathing (RB) are possible strategies for therapeutic management. Objectives: To evaluate the use of CG and RB as craving and anxiety coping strategies in crack users in addiction situation. Methods: This is an exploratory research, almost experimental, with a quantitative approach, developed in a detoxification unit for chemical dependence in the state of Paraíba. Results: The sample consisted of 40 crack addict volunteers older than 18 years. To evaluate the effects of CG and RB on craving and anxiety the following instruments were used: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E). The results showed that the CG and RB reduced the scores of the total craving and anxiety. As for the F1 factor, only CG showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: CG and RB demonstrated efficacy as coping strategies for craving and anxiety in crack users in addiction situation in the conditions under which the study was developed.