Joao Ito Bergonci
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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Featured researches published by Joao Ito Bergonci.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2006
Homero Bergamaschi; Genei Antonio Dalmago; Flávia Comiran; Joao Ito Bergonci; Artur Gustavo Müller; Solange França; Antonio Odair Santos; Bernadete Radin; Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi; Pedro Gabert Pereira
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do deficit hidrico, no rendimento de graos de milho, e a eficacia da irrigacao em todo ciclo e, especificamente, no florescimento. Os dados foram obtidos em dez anos de experimentacao, durante os quais doses variaveis de irrigacao foram aplicadas por um sistema de aspersao, localizado no centro da area experimental. Foram calculados balancos hidricos, tendo como variaveis a agua precipitada (chuva e irrigacao) e a evapotranspiracao maxima do milho. Foram ajustados modelos de regressao para 27 condicoes hidricas, relacionando-se rendimento de graos com deficit hidrico e razao evapotranspiracao real sobre evapotranspiracao maxima (ETr/ETm). A maior reducao na producao ocorre em consequencia do deficit hidrico na polinizacao, formacao do zigoto e desenvolvimento inicial do grao, numa relacao quadratica. Nesse periodo, a razao ETr/ETm explica quase 80% das variacoes na producao de graos, que se estabiliza acima de uma razao de 0,7. A irrigacao aumenta e estabiliza a producao do milho; doses de rega de aproximadamente 60% daquela necessaria para elevar a umidade do solo a capacidade de campo aumentam a eficiencia de uso da irrigacao.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2007
Jefferson Horn Kunz; Joao Ito Bergonci; Homero Bergamaschi; Genei Antonio Dalmago; Bruna Maria Machado Heckler; Flávia Comiran
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiencia de interceptacao e de uso da radiacao fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) pela cultura do milho em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo, arranjos de plantas e disponibilidade hidrica. O milho foi cultivado em plantio direto e preparo convencional, na combinacao com duas disponibilidades hidricas (irrigado e sequeiro) e espacamentos de 40 e 80 cm entre fileiras de plantas. Em cada tratamento, foram instalados sensores para medida da RFA transmitida pela cultura, na superficie do solo, ao passo que a RFA incidente foi medida acima da cultura. A reducao da distância entre fileiras aumentou a eficiencia de interceptacao em todos os tratamentos. Sob plantio direto, a cultura apresentou maior eficiencia de interceptacao em relacao ao preparo convencional. O deficit hidrico diminuiu a eficiencia de interceptacao devido ao enrolamento foliar, e esse efeito foi mais pronunciado em preparo convencional, em ambos espacamentos estudados. Embora a eficiencia de interceptacao tenha sido maior no espacamento de 40 cm, a eficiencia de uso nao diferiu entre espacamentos, mas diminuiu em condicoes de deficit hidrico.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2000
Joao Ito Bergonci; Homero Bergamaschi; Moacir Antonio Berlato; Antônio Odair Santos
RESUMO - Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estacao Experimental Agronomica da UniversidadeFederal do Rio Grande do Sul, localizada no municipio de Eldorado do Sul, nos anos agricolas de1993/94 e 1994/95. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial da agua na folha como indicador do deficit hidrico,em milho (Zea mays L.), relacionando-o ao potencial da agua no solo. O experimento constou de tresniveis de irrigacao, desde a capacidade de campo ate a ausencia de irrigacao. Os valores do potencialminimo da agua na folha foram desde -1,2 a -1,5 MPa em plantas irrigadas (na capacidade de campo) ede -1,6 a -2,0 MPa em plantas nao irrigadas. O potencial minimo da agua na folha correlacionou-se como potencial matricial da agua no solo a 45 cm de profundidade (r
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental | 2009
Genei Antonio Dalmago; Homero Bergamaschi; Joao Ito Bergonci; Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger; Flávia Comiran; Bruna Maria Machado Heckler
This work had the objective of evaluating the soil water storage and availability to plants, when comparing the no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. The study was conducted in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, in 2002. Soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, mesoporosity, microporosity, distribution of mesopores size, curves of water retention, field capacity (FC), and permanent wilting point (PWP) were analyzed in seven depths, into the soil profile. The highest differences occurred close to the soil surface. At 2.5 cm deep, the soil density was 7% lower while the total soil porosity was about 15% higher in NT than in CT. The mesoporosity showed an exponential distribution in NT, with highest values for largest mesopores, but it tended to a normal curve in CT. Considering the entire soil profile, the soil water storage was about 53% higher in CT than in NT. However, close to the soil surface (at 2.5 cm deep) it was 80% higher in NT than in CT. From the soil surface to 15 cm deep, 70% of the available water was retained above the limit of -80 kPa in NT, in comparison to 50% in CT. The no-tillage system increases the water availability to plants and reduces the energy of retention in the upper soil layers, in comparison to the conventional tillage.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2010
Homero Bergamaschi; Genei Antonio Dalmago; Joao Ito Bergonci; Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger; Bruna Maria Machado Heckler; Flávia Comiran
The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2010
Genei Antonio Dalmago; Homero Bergamaschi; Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger; Joao Ito Bergonci; Flávia Comiran; Bruna Maria Machado Heckler
Este trabalho teve por objetivos quantificar a evaporacao da agua na superficie do solo, em plantio direto e em preparo convencional, e avaliar o uso de microlisimetros de pesagem para medir esse processo. As medicoes foram feitas em campo, nos veroes de 2001/2002, 2002/2003 e 2004/2005, em experimentos irrigados e nao irrigados. Utilizaram-se delineamentos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, cujos tratamentos consistiram de sistemas de manejo do solo – plantio direto e preparo convencional –, e a presenca ou ausencia de cultivo de milho. Mediu-se a evaporacao diaria durante periodos de secagem do solo, entre precipitacoes ou irrigacoes consecutivas. Em experimentos sem irrigacao, a evaporacao acumulada foi maior sob plantio direto, na maioria dos periodos de medicao, independentemente da presenca da lavoura de milho. Nos experimentos com irrigacao, a evaporacao nao apresentou diferencas regulares entre sistemas de manejo de solo. Normalmente, no inicio dos periodos de medicao, com dois a cinco dias de secagem do solo, a evaporacao foi maior em solo sob preparo convencional, tendo-se tornado maior em plantio direto, no restante do periodo de secagem. O emprego de microlisimetros de pesagem e eficiente para medir a evaporacao na superficie do solo.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental | 2011
Solange França; João Mielniczuk; Luis Mauro Gonçalves Rosa; Homero Bergamaschi; Joao Ito Bergonci
This work aimed to quantify the available nitrogen (N) to a maize crop and evaluate its effects on leaf area index (LAI), shoot dry matter (SDM) production, N absorption by the above ground biomass, and grain yield. The evaluations were performed in a soil management experiment run since 1985, with three cropping systems (oat - Avena strigosa/maize, oat + vetch - Vicia sativa/maize and oat + vetch/maize + cowpea - Vigna unguiculata) and two rates of nitrogen (0 and 180 kg ha-1) applied to maize. In the 2000/2001 cropping year, four nitrogen rates were applied (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). The estimated available N to the maize calculated from the contribution from the soil, cover crops and N fertilizer varied from 27 to 192 kg ha-1. All evaluated variables presented high dependence on available N, and reached its maximum level near to the highest level of available N (192 kg ha-1). With this level of availability, at the stage of pollination, the largest values of LAI (4.41) and the highest leaf N concentration were observed, however, the highest N accumulation in the above ground biomass was observed at the milk grain stage and the shoot dry matter accumulation at the dent stage. The maximum grain yield obtained was 8,920 kg ha-1, corresponding to 112 kg ha-1 of exported N by the grain.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira | 2005
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi; Joao Ito Bergonci; Homero Bergamaschi; Genei Antonio Dalmago
A cultura do milho e sensivel ao deficit hidrico, e esta e uma causa frequente de reducao na producao de graos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrencia de ajuste osmotico em milho, cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo do solo, com diferentes disponibilidades hidricas. Os tratamentos consistiram do cultivo do milho em semeadura direta (SD) e convencional (SC), com irrigacao de forma a manter a umidade do solo proxima a capacidade de campo, e sem irrigacao. O ajuste osmotico foi obtido pela diferenca do potencial osmotico hidratado entre as plantas irrigadas e sem irrigacao. Os maiores valores de potencial minimo de agua na folha ocorreram em plantas cultivadas sob SD, em razao do maior potencial matricial da agua no solo nesse sistema. O potencial de pressao e o osmotico hidratado diminuiram em consequencia do deficit hidrico, o que determinou a ocorrencia de ajuste osmotico em ambos os sistemas, que foi mais intenso em manejo convencional. Portanto, o potencial minimo de agua na folha demonstra ser um indicador adequado da condicao hidrica das plantas de milho. A cultura apresenta tolerância ao deficit hidrico por meio do mecanismo de ajuste osmotico.
Ciencia Rural | 2007
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi; Joao Ito Bergonci; Homero Bergamaschi; Genei Antonio Dalmago; Bruna Maria Machado Heckler; Flávia Comiran
The occurrence of water deficit during the maize crop cycle may affect the physiological processes of plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate alterations in the leaf conductance of maize plants, submitted to different soil tillage systems and water availability in the soil. A field experiment was carried out in the Estacao Experimental Agronomica of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in the summer season of 2002/03. The maize was cropped in no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems, with full irrigation (I2) necessary to maintain the soil moisture close to the field capacity, partial irrigation (I1) corresponding to 41% of the water application in I2, and non-irrigation (I0). The measurements were taken at 10h and 13h (local time), in order to characterize the maximum and minimum leaf conductance, respectively. During the vegetative plant growing, the lowest values of either maximum and minimum leaf conductance occurred in the no-tillage system. However, since the maximum leaf area index was achieved (at tasseling stage), the maize plants cropped in no-tilt soil presented the highest leaf conductance, indicating a higher soil water availability in NT than in CT.
Scientia Agricola | 2000
Antonio Odair Santos; Homero Bergamaschi; Luis Mauro Gonçalves Rosa; Joao Ito Bergonci
Plant water requirements are important aspects of crop production to be determined in the field, in order to judiciously manage crop water usage. Water uptake by field grown maize (Zea mays L.), under well-watered conditions was verified with the heat-pulse system. The temperature difference between two radially inserted thermocouples, one 9 mm above and the other 4 mm below a heater piercing the maize stem, was measured every 0.3 seconds following emission of a heat-pulse. Comparisons of the heat-pulse system outputs, lysimetric measurement and transpiration model estimates were monitored on an hourly and daily basis. At normal and low atmospheric demand daily and hourly values of heat-pulse outputs and lysimetric measurement showed good agreement. Hourly agreement of a modified Penman-Monteith energy balance equation estimate and heat-pulse outputs showed accordance between measurement of sap flow and the plant water-loss theory. Study of the relationship between maize canopy water loss rate and heat velocity in the stem showed that these two parameters were proportional and a calibration factor of 1.51 for full soil foliage coverage was verified.
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Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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