João Paulo Felicori Carvalho

Influência do zinco na incidência de doenças do cafeeiro

Em cafeeiros, poucos estudos foram feitos relacionando aumento ou diminuicao da resistencia das plantas as doencas, com alteracao dos niveis de nutrientes utilizados. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos do sulfato de zinco aplicado isoladamente, e associado com fungicidas e cloreto de potassio sobre a ferrugem, cercosporiose e manchas foliares do cafeeiro. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura de cafe em producao, onde foram testados oxicloreto de cobre, tebuconazole, sulfato de zinco + cloreto de potassio e sulfato de zinco e nas subparcelas foram realizadas diferentes concentracoes de sulfato de zinco: ausencia, 0,3 %, 0,6 % e 1,2 %. Verificou-se que os tratamentos com oxicloreto de cobre e tebuconazole reduziram a incidencia e severidade de ferrugem, a incidencia de cercosporiose, de manchas foliares (phoma e ascochyta) e a desfolha, independente das concentracoes de sulfato de zinco utilizadas. Concentracoes de sulfato de zinco na faixa de 0,6 % - 0,75 % apresentaram menor severidade da ferrugem e o aumento nas concentracoes de sulfato de zinco aumentou a incidencia de cercosporiose, manchas foliares e a desfolha dos cafeeiros.

Productivity and Sensory Quality of Arabica Coffee in Response to Pruning Type ‘Esqueletamento’

Through the pruning type ‘esqueletamento’ it was developed a technology for the management of trees called “Zero Yield” in order to keep the size of the crop and eliminate the harvesting in a low yield season, which usually compromises the earnings of the coffee grower. With this technology, the harvest takes place every two years, always in years of high yield season. This technology is highly dependent on climate, and genotype. Given this, the objective of the study was to select genotypes of Coffea arabica L. responsive to pruning type ‘esqueletamento’, with high productivity and high potential for quality of drink for specialty coffee production. The experiment was deployed in the Coffee Sector at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) in December 2005 and after six crops, it has undergone the pruning type ‘esqueletamento’ in August 2014. 20 genotypes were evaluated, being 18 progenies in F 5 generation, derived from the cross between cultivars of the Catuai Group with coffees of germplasm Icatu and germplasm “Hibrido de Timor” and two commercial cultivars as witnesses. (Tupi IAC 1669-33 and Obata IAC 1669-20). The following characteristics were evaluated: productivity (before and after pruning), vegetative vigor, the incidence of leaf rust, dull fruits, sieve No.16 and above, grain type mocha, aspect, and quality of drink. The genotypes 9 (H516-2-1-1-18-1-1), 12 (H516-2-1-1-18-1-4), 16 (H419-3-4-5-2-1-3), 18 (H419-3-4-5-2-1-5) and the cultivar Tupi IAC 1669-33 were responsive to the ‘esqueletamento’, with productivity after pruning higher than the maximum reached before the adoption of the pruning. All genotypes with the exception of Catucai Amarelo 24/137 showed potential for the production of specialty coffees.

Caracterização de formas botânicas diversas do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de cafeeiros do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The objective of this study was to characterize 21 accessions of various botanical forms of existing coffee in the Active Germplasm Bank of the State of Minas Gerais, in order to identify genotypes with potential for use in breeding programs. In the field trial, each access is represented by 20 plants, in randomized complete block design with two replications. Coffee plants were evaluated at 30 months after planting, according to productivity, vegetative vigor and the main standard descriptors for the protection of plant varieties of coffee in Brazil. The results show an important genetic variability among accessions showing the possibility of their use in breeding programs. The Pacamara access had higher productivity in the first year, while in the second year, stood accesses Catuai Erecta and Semperflorens. The standard descriptors used for the protection of plant varieties of coffee proved to be an efficient tool for the characterization and differentiation of germplasm studied.