João Ribeiro Crisóstomo

Repetibilidade de caracteres de produção e porte da planta em clones de cajueiro-anão precoce

This work was carried out to estimate the repeatability coefficient, to compare the efficiency of methodologies used in the estimation process, as well as to determine the number of evaluations for selecting dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) clones. The methodologies used to estimate the coefficient of repeatability were: analysis of variance in which the temporary effect is removed from the error (ANOVA); analysis of the principal components obtained from both the correlation matrix (PCCOR) and the covariance and phenotypic variance matrix (PCCOV); and the structural analysis based on the theoretic eigenvalue of the correlation matrix or mean correlation (EVCOR). Characters such as plant height (PH), canopy diameter (CD) and nut yield (NY) from 30 clones were evaluated during five years. The r value for PH and CD varied from 0.85 (ANOVA) to 0.96 (PCCOV). The yield r values varied from 0.51 (ANOVA) to 0.88 (PCCOV). Therefore, it was admitted that the principal components method employing the covariance and phenotypic variance matrix is the most efficient to dwarf cashew clonal selection, mainly in relation to yield. It was also concluded that two evaluations of both characters PH and CD, and three evaluations of NY are sufficient in the selective process.

Crescimento e desenvolvimento de clones de cajazeira cultivados na chapada do Apodi, Ceará

The experiment was established, at the Apodi Plateau; in Limoeiro do Norte County, State of Ceara (Brazil). A randomized block design was used with a factorial 5x2 (5 scions on 2 rootstocks), with 4 replicates and 4 plants per plot. Scions stem from superior plants collected in the counties of Caucaia (Capuan locality), Pacajus (Curimata locality), Maranguape (Gereau e Ladeira Grande localities) and Fortaleza (Lagoa Redonda locality). Rootstocks were prepared from seeds of S. mombin L. and S. tuberosa Arruda. All scions and rootstocks were collected in Ceara State. The parameters assessed were the vegetative growth and fruit setting. Clones Gereau and Lagoa Redonda were the most vigorous, higher (3.9 m) and with bigger stem girth (57 cm). Ladeira Grande showed the poorest peformance in hight (2.2 m) and stem girth (49 cm) and, being statistically different from the others. As far as the root-stocks are concerned those from S. mombim were superior to S. tuberosa. The stem girth ratio was less than 1.0 for S. mombin rootstocks and higher than 1.0 for S. tuberosa rootstocks. The number of fruits per bunch of studied clones presented values of raged from 8 to 76. Some plants of Lagoa Redonda and Gereau clones on S. tuberosa yielded from 100 to 300 bunches. Final results confirmed that scions of S. mombin grafted on rootstocks of S. mombin and S. tuberosa produced combinations with the following characterists: vigorous clones with distinct phenotypic and morphological features such as low hight, uniform canopies and standardized main stem growth; S. mombin rootstocks allowed the formation of plants with more vigorous stems compared with rootstocks of S. tuberosa; the stem girth, graft and rootstock ratios were higher for combinations on S. tuberosa, but without indications of grafting incompatibility; the rootstock of S. tuberosa increase plant hight, productive and precocious of clones Gereau e Lagoa Redonda, and clone Ladeira Grande showed the lowest hight.

Estimates of genetic correlations and correlated responses to selection in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

The present study estimates variances and genetic and phenotypic correlations for five traits in 27 progenies of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.). Data were obtained from a trial conducted in 1992 at Pacajus, Ceara, experimental station of Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical. The characters studied were plant height (PH), North-South and East-West canopy spreads (NSS, EWS), and primary and secondary branch numbers (PBN, SBN). All genetic and phenotypic correlations presented positive and significant values. Selection to increase or decrease the average of any one of the five characteristics of cashew plants in the progenies studied affected the average of the others. The 16-month-old canopy spread can be predicted from NSS or EWS since correlations between them were high. Correlations between PH and SBN were low, indicating that there is a good possibility of obtaining smaller plants without causing drastic reductions in SBN. PH and SBN showed, respectively, the lowest and highest genetic variance estimates relative to the corresponding population means.

Produtividade e análise de indicadores técnicos do maracujazeiro-amarelo irrigado em diferentes horários

Diante da necessidade de pesquisas sobre o manejo da irrigacao em horarios alternativos e com menor custo com eletricidade na producao do maracuja-amarelo irrigado objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos do fracionamento da irrigacao em diferentes horarios de aplicacao sobre a produtividade e qualidade do fruto do maracujazeiro-amarelo tal como, tambem, a quantificacao de indicadores tecnicos; para tanto se conduziu um experimento no municipio de Pentecoste, CE, no periodo de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos horarios de aplicacao da lâmina de agua requerida (LR) pela cultura (T1: 100% da LR as 07 h; T2: 50% da LR as 07 h e 50% da LR as 15 h; T3: 25% da LR as 07 h; 50% da LR as 15 h e 25% da LR as 21 h 30 min; T4: 100% da LR as 21 h 30 min: T5: 50% da LR as 07 h e 50% da LR as 21 h 30 min). De acordo com os resultados a aplicacao fracionada da lâmina de agua requerida pela cultura com 50% as 07 h e 50% as 21 h 30 min, foi a alternativa que proporcionou a maior produtividade do maracujazeiro; os atributos de qualidade dos frutos de maracujazeiro solidos soluveis totais e pH se mantiveram indiferentes quanto aos tratamentos.

Heterose em cajueiro anão precoce

Esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a heterose no cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) anao precoce. O experimento foi composto por seis clones parentais (CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, C1P3 e P399E) e 18 combinacoes hibridas. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados, com duas repeticoes e cinco plantas por parcela. A heterose media foi de 12,09%, 19,38%, 98,01%, 96,97% e -2,11%, respectivamente, para altura da planta, diâmetro da copa, numero de castanha por planta, produtividade de castanha e peso medio de castanha, indicando presenca de vigor hibrido nos cruzamentos, para todos os caracteres, exceto para peso medio de castanha, demonstrando a importância de sua exploracao, com perspectivas de avancos geneticos sobre caracteres da cultura do caju. A consequencia seria a obtencao de clones comerciais com caracteristicas de producao desejaveis e a formacao de populacoes-base para o programa de melhoramento populacional. Os hibridos CCP 06 x C1P3, CCP 09 x P399E e CCP 09 x CCP 06 sao os mais promissores.

Comportamento produtivo e características pós-colheita de híbridos comerciais de melão amarelo, cultivados nas condições do litoral do Ceará

Desenvolveu-se, este trabalho, em condicoes de campo na Estacao Experimental da Embrapa/ Agroindustria Tropical, em Pacajus - CE, no periodo de setembro a dezembro de 2000, objetivando caracterizar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos de nove hibridos de melao amarelo, nas condicoes do litoral leste do Estado do Ceara. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos dos hibridos comerciais de melao amarelo descritos a seguir: Gold Pride, Gold Star, TSX 32096, Yellow Queen, PX 4910606, AF 682, XPH 13021, AF 646 e Gold Mine. Avaliou-se producao total, massa media de frutos na primeira colheita, solidos soluveis (SS), resistencia de polpa e classificacao dos frutos. Para todas as variaveis analisadas observaram-se diferencas significativas entre os hibridos, com excecao do teor de SS. Os hibridos Gold Pride, Gold Star, XPH 13021 e Gold Mine apresentaram maiores produtividades, com media de 32 t/ha. O Gold Mine apresentou maior massa media de fruto (1,5 kg), diferindo significativamente dos hibridos Gold Pride (1,14 kg), AF 646 (1,02 kg), AF 682 (1,09 kg) e PX 4910606 (1,11 kg), que apresentaram os menores valores medios. Os frutos dos hibridos Gold Mine, TSX 32096, PX 4910606, XPH 13021 e AF 682 apresentaram os maiores valores de SS e resistencia de polpa, enquanto, o Yellow Queen e o AF 646 apresentaram os menores valores. Os hibridos Gold Mine, Gold Star, XPH 13021 e Gold Pride destacaram-se pelas maiores produtividades de frutos comercializaveis.

Technical and economic indicators of the yellow passion fruit tree irrigated with underground water supply

The research aimed to quantify technical and economic indicators of yellow passion fruit tree irrigated with fractions of irrigation with underground source of water, to generate information that helps farmers in decision making on the implementation of investment in irrigated fruit growing (yellow passion fruit). For this purpose, we used the passion fruit crop irrigated with Microjet type irrigation system, with conducting system in simple espaliers. The treatments consisted of five hours of application of the depth of water required by the crop with irrigation frequency of two days. The results showed that the highest yield (16660kg ha-1) was obtained with the fractionation of irrigation twice a day (50% to 7h and 50% to 21h30), which provided an increase in productivity of 54%, demonstrating the financial viability and being highly profitable to the interest rate of 2% per year, with low sensitivity of financial risk to real interest rates above the prevailing market.