Maria Pinheiro Fernandes Corrêa

Repetibilidade de caracteres de produção e porte da planta em clones de cajueiro-anão precoce

This work was carried out to estimate the repeatability coefficient, to compare the efficiency of methodologies used in the estimation process, as well as to determine the number of evaluations for selecting dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) clones. The methodologies used to estimate the coefficient of repeatability were: analysis of variance in which the temporary effect is removed from the error (ANOVA); analysis of the principal components obtained from both the correlation matrix (PCCOR) and the covariance and phenotypic variance matrix (PCCOV); and the structural analysis based on the theoretic eigenvalue of the correlation matrix or mean correlation (EVCOR). Characters such as plant height (PH), canopy diameter (CD) and nut yield (NY) from 30 clones were evaluated during five years. The r value for PH and CD varied from 0.85 (ANOVA) to 0.96 (PCCOV). The yield r values varied from 0.51 (ANOVA) to 0.88 (PCCOV). Therefore, it was admitted that the principal components method employing the covariance and phenotypic variance matrix is the most efficient to dwarf cashew clonal selection, mainly in relation to yield. It was also concluded that two evaluations of both characters PH and CD, and three evaluations of NY are sufficient in the selective process.

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) as a commercial crop in Brazilian Amazonia

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) is a woody vine or sprawling shrub native to the central Amazon Basin. The seeds are commercially produced on some 6,000 ha in the state of Amazonas near Manaus. The principal article of commerce is an amber-colored, carbonated soft drink. It is also widely used as a high caffeine stimulant and in local medicines. The plant is monoecious and is damaged by a number of diseases, the most severe being anthracnose. Prospects are excellent for greatly expanded international markets.

Seleção massal de acerola em plantio comercial

Genetic variability can easily be found in commercial orchards allowing the selection of superior matrix plants. The main purpose of this work was to conduct a selection of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) plants in the Frutas do Ceara S/A (FRUCESA) orchard, in Jaguaruana county, CE, Brazil. The mass selection allowed the choice of 100 desirable plants. Seed germination varied from 0.0% to 84.5%, mean of 13.9% and standard deviation of 11.6%, suggesting the occurrence of genetic variation among plants for this character.

Produção e distribuição de fitomassa no guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke)

Apesar da importância economica do guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) em algumas regioes do Brasil, existem poucas informacoes sobre sua caracterizacao fenologica. Assim, realizou-se um estudo cujo objetivo foi de quantificar a producao de fitomassa e sua distribuicao, em uma populacao de guaranazeiros, originadas de propagacao sexuada. Foram avaliadas cinco plantas adultas, que lancaram mais de 100 ramos por planta ano-1, dos quais apenas 50 % produziram frutos. As plantas lancaram entre 445 e 1294 inflorescencias por ano, porem, de 67 % a 98 % produziram apenas um fruto. A producao de materia seca total foi estimada em 15,8 kg por planta ao ano, o que corresponde 6350 kg ha ano-1. Nas plantas, o maior acumulo de materia seca apresentou a seguinte ordem: folhas>ramos>sementes>raquis>casca dos frutos+arilo> peciolos.