John S. Avens

Destruction of microorganisms on chicken carcasses by steam and boiling water immersion

Abstract A thermal destruction end point of 2 was achieved on broiler chicken carcass skin by boiling water (95 °C) immersion or flowing steam (96–98 °C) at 3 min, beyond which increasing exposure time up to 8 min did not further decrease estimated aerobic plate count (EAPC). Cross-contamination of deboned subcutaneous meat was not significantly ( P >0.05) affected by exposure time of whole carcasses to boiling water or flowing steam. EAPC of deboned subcutaneous meat was positively correlated ( P R 2 =0.751) and flowing steam ( R 2 =0.857). These processing intervention procedures would provide whole poultry carcasses for commercial further processing that would not be a source of cross-contamination of further processed, value-added poultry meat products and would enhance the food safety of these products.

Enrichment and plating methodology for Salmonella detection in food. A Review

Much research concerned with enrichment and plating methodology to detect salmonella contamination in foods has been reported by many scientists. This review brings reported findings of major proponents together into one text for greater understanding and appreciation of the complexity of the problem. Discussed in this review are reported applications and mechanisms of 11 enrichment media and eight plating media, incubation temperatures and times, and serotype specificity involving enrichment and plating media. Also, enrichment emulsifying agents, agitation during incubation, sample type, and level and proportion of salmonellae and competitors as related to salmonella enrichment are discussed. Other factors related to salmonella recovery, such as multiple media methods, preparation methods, storage of media, and media brand are included in this review, as well as a discussion of the methodology dilemma and some general recommendations for future direction.

Recovery of 61 Salmonella Serotypes from Artificially Contaminated Turkey Skin

Selenite brilliant-green sulfa enrichment broth containing Tween 80 was streaked to brilliant-green sulfa plates for use in comparing recoverability of 61 different salmonella serotypes from turkey tails artifically contaminated with very low levels of each serotype. Recoverability was 100% with 43 of the serotypes, 80% with eight, 60% with four, and 40% or less with six.

Importance of Brands of Dehydrated Culture Medium

Selenite Brilliant Green Sulfa broths, one prepared from basic ingredients according to formula and brands A and B available in dehydrated form, were compared for effectiveness of recovering salmonellae. Distinctly different percent recoveries of salmonellae were achieved among the three types of media.