Jon H. Martin

Sternorrhyncha: (Jumping Plant-Lice, Whiteflies, Aphids, and Scale Insects)

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the sternorrhyncha, suborder of the order Hemiptera. It comprising some 16,000 described species and contains four major groups, all entirely phytophagous, and usually recognized as superfamilies: the Psylloidea (psylloids or jumping plant-lice); Aleyrodoidea (whitefl ies); Aphidoidea (aphids or aphidoids); and Coccoidea (scale insects or coccoids). Insects belonging to the Hemiptera are unique in having their mouthparts forming a rostrum that comprises mandibles and maxillae modified as needle- or thread-like stylets lying within a grooved labium. Two pairs of stylets interlock to form two canals, one delivering saliva and the other uptaking plant or animal fluid. Sternorrhynchans use their stylets to probe plant tissues intracellularly or intercellularly. The tips of the stylets always enter cells at the site of ingestion, which is often phloem-sieve element. Generally, stylet penetration is accompanied by secretion of solidifying saliva that forms a sheath around the stylets. Other hemipterans mostly probe intracellularly, may or may not secrete salivary sheaths, and ingest from a wider variety of plant or animal tissues. Most sternorrhynchans are phloem feeders, and thus have a diet rich in carbohydrates and deficient in amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds. Generally, there is an intimate association with intracellular bacteria, called endosymbionts, which are housed in special tissue, bacteriomes or mycetomes, and contribute nutrition to the insect host.

A review of the genus Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with description of five new species from Brunei, Hong Kong and Malaysia

The whitefly genus Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi is reviewed using types and determined specimens. The generic diagnosis is redefined together with description of five new species: T. bruneiensis Dubey Martin sp. nov. from Brunei, T. crypta Dubey Martin sp. nov. from Hong Kong, and T. ordo Dubey Martin sp. nov., T. aequalis Dubey Martin sp. nov. and T. variabilis Dubey Martin sp. nov. from Malaysia. New species descriptions are accompanied with camera lucida drawings and microphotographs of holotype and paratypes. Tuberaleyrodes actinodaphnis Takahashi is elevated from its status as a variety of T. machili Takahashi to species level. Lectotypes are selected for T. actinodaphnis Takahashi Stat. nov. and T. bobuae Takahashi. Tuberaleyrodes actinodaphnis Takahashi is a new record to Taiwan. A new combination, Tuberaleyrodes glutae (Corbett) Comb. nov. is proposed for Dialeurodes glutae Corbett. Two species, T. glutae (Corbett) and Tuberaleyrodes spiniferosa (Corbett) are re-described, and placement of T. spiniferosa in the genus Tuberaleyrodes is confirmed. The genus Tuberaleyrodes is newly recorded from Borneo and Sulawesi. An identification key to puparia of Tuberaleyrodes species so far described is provided along with the countries of present records. Four plants families viz., Annonaceae, Fabaceae, Myristicaceae and Pentaphylacaeae are recorded as new hosts for Tuberaleyrodes species. New host plant records are indicated.

Figures 27 – 34 In Acanthaleyrodes Elevatus Sp. N. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) From India, With Key To Species And Discussion Of Tuberculate Setae

FIGURES 27 – 34. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes styraci, Hong Kong. 27, puparium, dorsal and ventral views. 28, abdominal segments. 29, cephalothorax. 30, thoracic tracheal pore. 31, caudal tracheal pore. 32, median tubercles on abdominal segments. 33, submedian tubercles along bases of tuberculate setae on abdominal area. 34, vasiform orifice.