Jonahtan Chaves Melo

Análise espacial de atributos do solo e cobertura vegetal em diferentes condições de pastagem

The areas for livestock raising have expanded into areas of native vegetation, promoting changes in soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attributes of a Entisol under different vegetation covers to whether the pasture degradation represents soil degradation. The areas evaluated were: native forest, shrub, uncontrolled grazing animal stocking, grazing in fallow pasture with weeds; degraded pasture with bare soil and weeds, degraded pasture with weeds and tree species and grassland with low forage production. All pastures were formed by Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Hundred and twenty eight soil samples were collected in 0-5 and 5-10 cm, within each management area, considered as an experimental plot and soil cover was quantified. The chemical and physical properties of the soil were measured. Data were subjected to geoestatistical study. Increase in penetration resistance and decrease in the levels of organic matter were observed in the most degraded areas. Degraded pasture is not necessarily degraded land while degraded soil is related to grazing degrades.

Feeding behaviors of feedlot bulls fed concentrate levels and babassu mesocarp meal

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of feedlot Nellore bulls fed two levels of concentrate (650 and 710 g/kg dry matter) with or without the inclusion of 350 g babassu mesocarp meal/kg dry matter in the concentrate. Twenty-eight animals at 18 months of initial age and 356.66±19.25 kg initial body weight were used. A completely randomized design was used with treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Increase in concentrate level from 650 to 710 g/kg dry matter did not change the feeding time, of 194.41 and 189.64 minutes/day, respectively. The inclusion of 350 g babassu mesocarp meal/kg dry matter in the concentrate increased the feeding time from 173.92 to 210.12 minutes/day, ensuring similar energy intake in relation to the diets without this byproduct. Rumination time was not changed by increasing the concentrate level in diets with 350 g babassu mesocarp meal/kg dry matter in the concentrate, with average values of 420.48 and 398.09 minutes/day for the levels of 650 and 710 g concentrate/kg dry matter, respectively. However, in diets without babassu mesocarp meal, the rumination time was reduced by the concentrate level, with average values of 452.14 and 409.76 minutes/day for 650 and 710 g of concentrate/kg dry matter, respectively. Time spent on other activities increased from 810.23 to 860.00 minutes/day with increase in the concentrate level, which was not changed in the diets containing babassu mesocarp meal. The inclusion of babassu mesocarp meal in the diet altered the feeding behavior of feedlot cattle, due to the need to increase the feeding time to maintain the energy intake.

Níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu sobre as características da carcaça de tourinhos confinados

Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas da carcaca de tourinhos alimentados em confinamento com niveis de concentrado (65 e 71%) associados ou nao a inclusao de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo de babacu (FMB) na fracao concentrada da dieta. Foram utilizados 28 tourinhos, com idade inicial de 21 meses e 356,7±19,2 kg de peso corporal inicial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos em arranjado fatorial 2x2. Os pesos de carcaca quente e fria nao foram alterados pelo nivel de concentrado da dieta e pela inclusao do FMB no concentrado, apresentando valores medios de 256,39 e245,87 kg, respectivamente. Os rendimentos de carcaca quente e carcaca fria foram menores para as dietas que associaram o menor nivel de concentrado e 35% de FMB na fracao concentrada da dieta. A espessura de gordura subcutânea, a conformacao e a maturidade fisiologica da carcaca nao foram alteradas pelo nivel de concentrado e pela inclusao do FMB, com valores medios de3,6 mm, 10,89 e 12,93 pontos, respectivamente. A inclusao de 35% de FMB no concentrado associado aos diferentes niveis de concentrados nao alteraram o peso dos cortes comerciais. A inclusao de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo de babacu na fracao concentrada de dietas com elevada proporcao de concentrado para tourinhos confinados nao altera as principais caracteristicas da carcaca de interesse economico, proporcionando producao de carcaca com adequada qualidade.

Características das carcaças e carne de tourinhos Nelore alimentados com níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu

Carcass characteristics and meat of young bulls fed different levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran in the diet were evaluated. A total of 28 Nellore young bulls, initial age of 21 months and 356.66±19.25kg of initial body weight were randomized in diets containing two levels of concentrate (65% and 71) associated or not to the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The elevation of the concentrate fraction of the diet from 65 to 71%, and the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate did not alter the amount of muscle, fat and bone of the carcass, with average values of 63.91, 19.46 and 16.63% of cold carcass weight, respectively. The yields of retail cuts from the pistol cut were not altered by the concentrate level of the diet or by the inclusion of 35% babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The shear force of muscle fibers and the losses of liquid during thawing and cooking were not altered by the factors studied, with average values of 6.57kgf/cm3, 16.06% and 22.20%, respectively. Marbling increased (5.78 to 9.79 points) to advance the level of concentrate in the diet, but was not altered by the inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran. Babassu mesocarp bran has nutritional characteristics that allow partial replacement of corn in diets with high concentrate, not changing physical carcass composition and meat quality of confined young Nellore bulls.

Níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu sobre as características da carcaça de tourinhos confinados = Concentrate levels and babassu mesocarp bran on carcass characteristics of feedlot bulls

Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas da carcaca de tourinhos alimentados em confinamento com niveis de concentrado (65 e 71%) associados ou nao a inclusao de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo de babacu (FMB) na fracao concentrada da dieta. Foram utilizados 28 tourinhos, com idade inicial de 21 meses e 356,7±19,2 kg de peso corporal inicial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos em arranjado fatorial 2x2. Os pesos de carcaca quente e fria nao foram alterados pelo nivel de concentrado da dieta e pela inclusao do FMB no concentrado, apresentando valores medios de 256,39 e245,87 kg, respectivamente. Os rendimentos de carcaca quente e carcaca fria foram menores para as dietas que associaram o menor nivel de concentrado e 35% de FMB na fracao concentrada da dieta. A espessura de gordura subcutânea, a conformacao e a maturidade fisiologica da carcaca nao foram alteradas pelo nivel de concentrado e pela inclusao do FMB, com valores medios de3,6 mm, 10,89 e 12,93 pontos, respectivamente. A inclusao de 35% de FMB no concentrado associado aos diferentes niveis de concentrados nao alteraram o peso dos cortes comerciais. A inclusao de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo de babacu na fracao concentrada de dietas com elevada proporcao de concentrado para tourinhos confinados nao altera as principais caracteristicas da carcaca de interesse economico, proporcionando producao de carcaca com adequada qualidade.

Comportamento ingestivo de bovinos em capim-piatã sob lotação intermitente em resposta a distintas alturas de entrada

Knowledge of the interface plant and animal in the ecosystem grasslands is of fundamental importance when it seeks to maximize production performance of the system. That sense the objective was to verify if the input time piata-grass (30, 40 and 50cm) interferes with the quality of the forage, feeding behavior, travel patterns and use of food cattle stations in two conditions of time, pre-grazing (zero grazing days) and post-grazing (seven days of grazing). The evaluations were conducted in the period of 06h: 30m 18h: 20m in the second and fourth grazing cycles with animals with 16 months of age and 239.8±25.7kg LW. The pre-grazing heights did not change feeding behavior, but was no effect for the condition of the pasture (pre-grazing and post-grazing). The interval number of meals was higher at 30cm and lower in pre-grazing. The highest bite rate was in 30cm and 40cm to the smallest, reflecting good condition to grazing, while reducing TB to 50cm to 30cm is related to the difficulty of using bits. In pre-grazing largest number of stations per minute was at 40cm, while in the post-grazing to 50cm. In pre-grazing decreased time per meal compared to the post-grazing, reflecting the best pasture structure in this condition. The entry height did not change feeding behavior, however, grazing time modify the feeding behavior standard of displacement, search and seizure of forage by the animals, especially in the post-grazing condition to 50cm.

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DAS PROPRIEDADES DO SOLO, PRODUÇÃO

The existence of spatial variability in soil properties influences the production of forage. The study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties relating it to the production and the preference of grazing animals in pasture Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha) under continuous stocking. To characterize the pasture area, were carried out measurements of 108 points with distribution in irregular mesh with samplings to determine the chemical properties (pH, organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H + Al) and soil density , forage production, sward height, SPAD index and intensity of grazing in the water period of 2012. The normality test was made, followed by a descriptive analysis of the data analysis and geostatistics. Although the present condition of operation, it was observed that the chemical characteristics of the soil and soil density, as well as production and pasture height space dependence, presented same pattern of response, inferring that such responses are inter-relation. The factors that cause variability in soil characteristics, also interfere in influencing pasture related in part in grazing animal. Chemical soil attributes, density, dry mass, height, and grazing intensity, set the exponential model. The estimation of the spatial variability of soil attributes together with assessment of the availability of pasture, and animal grazing preference points, are important tools for establishing criteria for use and differentiated management within the same pasture area, in order to prevent degradation of the soil and grass.