Jorge Brusa

The "reverse" weekend effect: the U.S. market versus international markets

Abstract In this paper we find that the “reverse” weekend effect—where average Monday returns tend to be positive—is a unique feature of the U.S. market. During the time the U.S. market exhibits the reverse weekend effect, foreign markets still show the “traditional” weekend effect or no effect at all. The results persist even after we sort the data by week of the month and month of the year. We also find that in foreign markets negative Monday returns tend to follow negative Friday returns. However, in the U.S. market, positive Monday returns tend to follow positive Friday returns.

The Retail Travels of the U.S. Greenback: A Comparative Study of Currency Substitution Along the U.S.-Canadian and U.S.-Mexican Borders

This currency substitution study explores the extent of retail firm-level U.S. dollar acceptance in Canada and Mexico. Employing a stratified random sampling approach of retail business in the border region, results demonstrate that all Mexican firms (N = 300/300) and nearly all Canadian (N = 257/261) firms accept the U.S. dollar in retail transactions. Of greater interest is the difference between firms in the two countries in how acceptance of the U.S. dollar is operationalized. On average, U.S. dollar sales of Canadian border firms comprise just 3.4% of total sales whereas U.S. dollar sales of Mexican firms encompass 23.7% of total sales. Our results also indicate a stark contrast as to the effective exchange rate for U.S. dollar acceptance— Canadian firms typically charge a premium (2.1% on average) while 69.3% of Mexican firms transacted business at a discount (−0.8% on average). Additional analyses further refine the currency substitution distinctions between Canadian and Mexican firms in the sample including a logistical regression which reveals significant differences as to firm-level predictors of U.S. dollar acceptance (whether at a discount or premium).

Validating the End-User Computing Satisfaction Survey Instrument in Mexico

This study assesses the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of Doll and Torkzadeh’s End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) survey instrument. The study provides evidence that the EUCS Spanish version can be used as a valid and reliable measure of computing satisfaction among computer users in Mexico. The study also adds support to the use of the EUCS instrument in the investigation of the perceptions of computer users in countries other than the United States (U.S.) and in languages other than English.

Reverse weekend effect, trading volume, and illiquidity

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the seasonal anomaly known as the reverse weekend effect detected at index level can also be observed at individual stock level. Design/methodology/approach - This papers methodology is based on the model first developed by Connolly and then employed by Chang, Pinegar, and Ravichandran in which returns are regressed against the dummy variable for Monday. In addition, the conditional variance is also included into the mean equation following Engle, Lilien, and Robins. Given the increasing evidence that equity returns are conditionally heteroskedastic, the paper includes in the conditional variance the lag of the squared residual from the mean equation (i.e. autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity term introduced by Engle) and the previous periods forecast variance (i.e. the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity term introduced by Bollerslev). Also, the paper controls for the different impact of good and bad news on the conditional variance following Glosten, Jaganathan, and Runkle. Findings - It is found that the anomaly is widely distributed among large firms, not just confined to a few firms. The finding suggests that the anomaly at the index level is not driven by the extreme returns of a few firms. The paper also finds that the anomaly at the firm level is not evenly distributed across the weeks of the month. Furthermore, trading volume and illiquidity of individual firms can only partially explain the seasonal anomaly. Originality/value - This paper extends the study of the reverse weekend effect in individual firms.

An economic analysis of bank-issued market-indexed certificate of deposit – an option pricing approach

In this paper, we develop valuation models for market-indexed certificate of deposits (market-indexed CD) based on option pricing model. We show that the payoff of an uncapped market-indexed CD can be duplicated by the combination of a zero coupon bond and a call option on the index. Furthermore, we find that the profit of issuing a non-callable market-indexed CD is negative and it is equivalent to the value of a put option on the underlying index with an exercise price equal to the initial index value. Based on the findings in the paper, we conclude that in order to make a profit, a market-indexed CD must have at least one of the following features: a call provision, a guaranteed payoff lower than par value, a cap on the return, or a participation ratio less than 100%.

The influence of earnings management and bank structure on bank performance: International evidence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of bank structure and earnings management on bank performance in international markets. Specifically, the authors empirically examine non-foreign banks in the following emerging countries: Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach A review of loan loss portfolio and bank’s power structure is examined to formulate testable conjectures. The authors used data collected from Bankscope for the aforementioned countries. The data range is from 1997 to 2009. Findings The results suggest that: first, bank market structure and earnings management have a significantly negative influence on bank performance. Second, the negative influence is more pronounced in banks with higher level of concentration and earnings management. Practical implications The evidence suggest that banks with monopoly power have a greater incentive to establish lending relationships, and monopoly enhancing regulation in the financial sector at the time of the Civil War contributed to industrialization in the USA. The evidence in the emerging market suggest that monopoly power (bank structure) and propensity to manage earnings leads to lower bank performance. As such, helping bankers in understanding the effect of their bank structure in relation to their performance. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that explores the determinants of managed earnings and bank structure on bank performance in emerging markets.

The design of bank-issued market-indexed certificates of deposit – survey, pricing and empirical test

In this paper we make a survey of market-indexed CDs and list 11 factors that must be taken into account in the design of market-indexed CDs. We extend the pricing model developed by Hernandez et al. (2011), which was a non-coupon paying market-indexed CD model, into a model in which the market-indexed CD pays coupons. Moreover, we apply the models developed in Hernandez et al. (2011) to market-indexed CDs to calculate the costs and profits for issuing market-indexed CDs. The results of the empirical tests indicate that the model can estimate the pricing of market-indexed CDs accurately.