José Carlos Amado Martins

A experiência clínica simulada no ensino de enfermagem: retrospectiva histórica

OBJETIVOS: particularizar el ritual de la ensenanza de procedimientos basicos de enfermeria, analizar las implicancias de su utilizacion, discutir su pertinencia, face a los contextos actuales para la ensenanza y para la practica. METODOS: estudo historico-social de rituales incorporados al metodo de ensenanza teorico-practica de Enfermeria en Portugal y en Brasil. Como fuentes primarias, fueron utilizados documentos escritos (oficios, apostilas, manuales) y fotograficos; y como fuentes secundarias: libros de texto, tesis de maestria, tesis de doctorado y articulos de periodicos. RESULTADOS: descripcion, analisis, interpretacion y sintesis que expone al lector un viaje en la historia en cuanto a los rituales y cambios ocurridos en la formacion de recursos humanos de enfermeria y salud. La simulacion fue discutida en terminos de la pertinencia face a las exigencias eticas, seguridad y calidad en salud, avance tecnologico y cambios en los ambientes y contextos de la practica clinica. CONCLUSION: el uso de la simulacion atiende a las necesidades y al contexto actual de la ensenanza teorico-practica.Objectives: To specify the ritual of teaching basic nursing procedures, analyze the implications of their use and discuss their pertinence, in the face of the current contexts for teaching and for practice. Methods: A historical-social study of rituals incorporated in the teaching method of nursing theory-practice, in Portugal and Brazil. As primary sources, we used written documents (letters, brochures, manuals) and photographs, and as secondary sources: textbooks, master’s theses, doctoral dissertations and journal articles. Results: The description, analysis, interpretation and synthesis exposed the reader to a journey through the history and rituals, and changes that have occurred in nursing and health education. The simulation was discussed in terms of its pertinence in the face of the ethical, safety and quality requirements in health care, technological advances, and changes in environments and contexts of clinical practice. Conclusion: The use of simulation meets the needs and the current context of education for theory-practice. Descriptors: Nursing; Simulation; Education, nursing; History of nursing, Educacional technology RESUMO Objetivos: particularizar o ritual do ensino de procedimentos básicos de enfermagem, analisar as implicações de sua utilização e discutir sua pertinência, face aos contextos atuais para o ensino e para a prática. Métodos: estudo histórico-social de rituais incorporados ao método de ensino teórico-prático de Enfermagem em Portugal e no Brasil. Como fontes primárias, foram utilizados documentos escritos (ofícios, apostilas, manuais) e fotográficos; e como fontes secundárias: livros-texto, dissertação de mestrado, tese de doutoramento e artigos de periódicos. Resultados: descrição, análise, interpretação e síntese que expõe ao leitor uma viagem na história quanto aos rituais e mudanças ocorridas na formação de recursos humanos de enfermagem e saúde. A simulação foi discutida em termos da pertinência face às exigências éticas, segurança e qualidade em saúde, avanço tecnológico e mudanças nos ambientes e contextos da prática clínica. Conclusão: o uso da simulação atende às necessidades e ao contexto atual de ensino teórico-prático. Descritores: Enfermagem; Simulação; Educação em enfermagem; História da enfermagem; Tecnologia educacional RESUMEN Objetivos: particularizar el ritual de la enseñanza de procedimientos básicos de enfermería, analizar las implicancias de su utilización, discutir su pertinencia, face a los contextos actuales para la enseñanza y para la práctica. Métodos: estudo histórico-social de rituales incorporados al método de enseñanza teórico-práctica de Enfermería en Portugal y en Brasil. Como fuentes primarias, fueron utilizados documentos escritos (oficios, apostilas, manuales) y fotográficos; y como fuentes secundarias: libros de texto, tesis de maestría, tesis de doctorado y artículos de periódicos. Resultados: descripción, análisis, interpretación y síntesis que expone al lector un viaje en la historia en cuanto a los rituales y cambios ocurridos en la formación de recursos humanos de enfermería y salud. La simulación fue discutida en términos de la pertinencia face a las exigencias éticas, seguridad y calidad en salud, avance tecnológico y cambios en los ambientes y contextos de la práctica clínica. Conclusión: el uso de la simulación atiende a las necesidades y al contexto actual de la enseñanza teórico-práctica. Descriptores: Enfermería; Simulación; Educación en enfermería, Historia de la enfermería; Tecnología educacional Corresponding Author: Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes Av. Bandeirantes, 390

The simulated clinical experience in nursing education: a historical review

OBJETIVOS: particularizar el ritual de la ensenanza de procedimientos basicos de enfermeria, analizar las implicancias de su utilizacion, discutir su pertinencia, face a los contextos actuales para la ensenanza y para la practica. METODOS: estudo historico-social de rituales incorporados al metodo de ensenanza teorico-practica de Enfermeria en Portugal y en Brasil. Como fuentes primarias, fueron utilizados documentos escritos (oficios, apostilas, manuales) y fotograficos; y como fuentes secundarias: libros de texto, tesis de maestria, tesis de doctorado y articulos de periodicos. RESULTADOS: descripcion, analisis, interpretacion y sintesis que expone al lector un viaje en la historia en cuanto a los rituales y cambios ocurridos en la formacion de recursos humanos de enfermeria y salud. La simulacion fue discutida en terminos de la pertinencia face a las exigencias eticas, seguridad y calidad en salud, avance tecnologico y cambios en los ambientes y contextos de la practica clinica. CONCLUSION: el uso de la simulacion atiende a las necesidades y al contexto actual de la ensenanza teorico-practica.Objectives: To specify the ritual of teaching basic nursing procedures, analyze the implications of their use and discuss their pertinence, in the face of the current contexts for teaching and for practice. Methods: A historical-social study of rituals incorporated in the teaching method of nursing theory-practice, in Portugal and Brazil. As primary sources, we used written documents (letters, brochures, manuals) and photographs, and as secondary sources: textbooks, master’s theses, doctoral dissertations and journal articles. Results: The description, analysis, interpretation and synthesis exposed the reader to a journey through the history and rituals, and changes that have occurred in nursing and health education. The simulation was discussed in terms of its pertinence in the face of the ethical, safety and quality requirements in health care, technological advances, and changes in environments and contexts of clinical practice. Conclusion: The use of simulation meets the needs and the current context of education for theory-practice. Descriptors: Nursing; Simulation; Education, nursing; History of nursing, Educacional technology RESUMO Objetivos: particularizar o ritual do ensino de procedimentos básicos de enfermagem, analisar as implicações de sua utilização e discutir sua pertinência, face aos contextos atuais para o ensino e para a prática. Métodos: estudo histórico-social de rituais incorporados ao método de ensino teórico-prático de Enfermagem em Portugal e no Brasil. Como fontes primárias, foram utilizados documentos escritos (ofícios, apostilas, manuais) e fotográficos; e como fontes secundárias: livros-texto, dissertação de mestrado, tese de doutoramento e artigos de periódicos. Resultados: descrição, análise, interpretação e síntese que expõe ao leitor uma viagem na história quanto aos rituais e mudanças ocorridas na formação de recursos humanos de enfermagem e saúde. A simulação foi discutida em termos da pertinência face às exigências éticas, segurança e qualidade em saúde, avanço tecnológico e mudanças nos ambientes e contextos da prática clínica. Conclusão: o uso da simulação atende às necessidades e ao contexto atual de ensino teórico-prático. Descritores: Enfermagem; Simulação; Educação em enfermagem; História da enfermagem; Tecnologia educacional RESUMEN Objetivos: particularizar el ritual de la enseñanza de procedimientos básicos de enfermería, analizar las implicancias de su utilización, discutir su pertinencia, face a los contextos actuales para la enseñanza y para la práctica. Métodos: estudo histórico-social de rituales incorporados al método de enseñanza teórico-práctica de Enfermería en Portugal y en Brasil. Como fuentes primarias, fueron utilizados documentos escritos (oficios, apostilas, manuales) y fotográficos; y como fuentes secundarias: libros de texto, tesis de maestría, tesis de doctorado y artículos de periódicos. Resultados: descripción, análisis, interpretación y síntesis que expone al lector un viaje en la historia en cuanto a los rituales y cambios ocurridos en la formación de recursos humanos de enfermería y salud. La simulación fue discutida en términos de la pertinencia face a las exigencias éticas, seguridad y calidad en salud, avance tecnológico y cambios en los ambientes y contextos de la práctica clínica. Conclusión: el uso de la simulación atiende a las necesidades y al contexto actual de la enseñanza teórico-práctica. Descriptores: Enfermería; Simulación; Educación en enfermería, Historia de la enfermería; Tecnología educacional Corresponding Author: Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes Av. Bandeirantes, 390

Development of the e-Baby Serious Game With Regard to the Evaluation of Oxygenation in Preterm Babies Contributions of the Emotional Design

The present study aimed to describe the development process of a serious game that enables users to evaluate the respiratory process in a preterm infant based on an emotional design model. The e-Baby serious game was built to feature the simulated environment of an incubator, in which the user performs a clinical evaluation of the respiratory process in a virtual preterm infant. The user learns about the preterm baby’s history, chooses the tools for the clinical evaluation, evaluates the baby, and determines whether his/her evaluation is appropriate. The e-Baby game presents phases that contain respiratory process impairments of higher or lower complexity in the virtual preterm baby. Included links give the user the option of recording the entire evaluation procedure and sharing his/her performance on a social network. e-Baby integrates a Clinical Evaluation of the Preterm Baby course in the Moodle virtual environment. This game, which evaluates the respiratory process in preterm infants, could support a more flexible, attractive, and interactive teaching and learning process that includes simulations with features very similar to neonatal unit realities, thus allowing more appropriate training for clinical oxygenation evaluations in at-risk preterm infants. e-Baby allows advanced user-technology-educational interactions because it requires active participation in the process and is emotionally integrated.

A esperança da pessoa com cancro - estudo em contexto de quimioterapia

Background: hope is a concept which helps people to deal more effectively with a crisis. The scientific evidence suggests its importance in the...

Students' satisfaction with simulated clinical experiences: validation of an assessment scale

OBJETIVO: validar um instrumento de avaliacao da satisfacao dos estudantes de Enfermagem com as experiencias clinicas simuladas. METODO: uma escala de 17 itens foi aplicada a estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, depois de um conjunto de experiencias clinicas simuladas. Realizada analise fatorial com rotacao ortogonal Varimax, assim como a estimativa da consistencia interna para determinar a validade da escala. RESULTADOS: com uma amostra de 181 estudantes, obteve-se elevada correlacao de praticamente todos os itens com o total da escala, com um valor de alpha de 0,914. Os itens da escala foram divididos em tres fatores: dimensao pratica, dimensao realismo e dimensao cognitiva, com uma boa consistencia interna de 0,89, 0,88 e 0,73, respetivamente. CONCLUSAO: a escala cumpre os requisitos de validade, revelando elevado potencial para utilizacao em investigacao.

Comfort, well-being and quality of life: Discussion of the differences and similarities among the concepts

HighlightsThe distinction among the concepts of comfort, well‐being and QoL is often unclear.This ambiguity can lead to redundancies, gaps, and knowledge dispersion.The concepts are not surrogate terms but related concepts sharing common attributes. Aim: To analyze the differences and similarities of the concepts of comfort, well‐being and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Review of concept analysis research on PubMed, Cinahl (full text) and Scielo, using the search terms “Comfort”, “Well‐being”, “Quality of Life” and “Concept Analysis”. Results: Eighteen studies were included. Comfort is a broader holistic concept while well‐being is mainly related to psycho‐spiritual dimensions. QoL reflects the individual perception of satisfaction with life. Conclusions: The concepts are not surrogate terms, but related concepts sharing common attributes. Caution should be taken in further research, particularly as regards the correct use and framing of the concepts.

Self-confidence for emergency intervention: adaptation and cultural validation of the Self-confidence Scale in nursing students

Estudiante de postdoctorado, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Desarrollo de la Investigacion en Enfermeria, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brasil. Becario de la Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal. Profesor Coordenador, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.Objective: develop the cultural adaptation and validation of a Portuguese version of the Self-confidence Scale. Method: descriptive and exploratory methodological research for the adaptation and validation of a measuring instrument. The translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision, pretest and semantic evaluation phases were accomplished. The evaluation involving 178 students from a Teaching Diploma Program in Nursing. The ethical principles were complied with. Results: the internal consistency analysis of the scale reveals good Alpha coefficients (0.92 for the global scale and superior to 0.83 for the different dimensions). The factor analysis presents a three-factor solution with rational meaning. Conclusion: The scale is easy to answer and understand. Based on the obtained results, it can be affirmed that the scale reveals good psychometric properties, with great potential to be used in future research.

Valor de predição do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester: avaliação dos desfechos clínicos de pacientes

OBJECTIVE To analyze the predictive value of the Manchester Triage System in relation to clinical outcome of patients. METHODS Prospective observational study of 577 patients admitted to the ER and subjected to risk classification. The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) was used to measure the severity of patients (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes: high / transfer, death, and length of hospital stay. Descriptive and univariate analyzes were conducted. RESULTS Patients classified as red are 10.7 times more likely to have scores above 14 in TISS-28 in relation to others. Patients classified as red have 5.9 times more chance of progression to death compared to others. Patients of high priority service are 1.5 times more likely to be hospitalized over five days than low priority. CONCLUSIONS STM proved a good predictor of clinical outcomes.

Predictive value of the Manchester Triage System: evaluation of patients' clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the predictive value of the Manchester Triage System in relation to clinical outcome of patients. METHODS Prospective observational study of 577 patients admitted to the ER and subjected to risk classification. The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) was used to measure the severity of patients (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes: high / transfer, death, and length of hospital stay. Descriptive and univariate analyzes were conducted. RESULTS Patients classified as red are 10.7 times more likely to have scores above 14 in TISS-28 in relation to others. Patients classified as red have 5.9 times more chance of progression to death compared to others. Patients of high priority service are 1.5 times more likely to be hospitalized over five days than low priority. CONCLUSIONS STM proved a good predictor of clinical outcomes.

Empathy in Brazilian nursing professionals A descriptive study

Background: Essential for the help relation, empathy is the ability to understand, share, and perceive the subjective experience of other human beings. Objective: The objective in this non-experimental, exploratory, and descriptive research was to verify, observe, and document empathy in nursing professionals. Research design: Non-experimental, exploratory, and descriptive research. Participants and research context: the study was conducted at two large hospitals, one public and the other private, across all shifts. The sample included 159 individuals. A questionnaire was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and the empathy inventory was applied. Ethical considerations: This study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, opinion 1348/2011, and authorization from the health institutions involved. Findings: The association tests demonstrated that professionals working in the night shift and in a work scale rotation scheme, older professionals, and professionals with longer professional experience are less empathetic. On the other hand, professionals working in the day shift and in a single shift are more empathetic. Other influential factors are the time on the job, education, and work shift. Conclusion: There is a lack of empathy studies in professional practice contexts, in human resource development programs, and throughout the professional education process.