Edilson Romais Schmildt

Avaliação de métodos de correção do estande para estimar a produtividade em milho

The objective of this work was to determine the method of stand correction more adequate to estimate productivity in cornfields of 33 varieties in eight situations. The methods tested were: without correction, rules of three, method of Zuber, covariance of medium stand, covariance of ideal stand, proposed by Cruz, proposed by Vencovsky & Cruz, the method proposed in this work, which consisted of a stratified correction based on the combined productivity for the characteristic stand, by Scott Knotts test. The methods proposed in this work, covariance of ideal stand and that proposed by Vencovsky & Cruz were considered the most appropriate ones, because they presented lower values for the coefficient of variation and high value of F, which was confirmed by the low values of Pi and Pi multivariate in the combined analysis. The methods rules of three and proposed by Cruz showed the highest averages of productivity, which overestimate the real value of the average production. The method proposed in this work was efficient to correct the productivity of the corn varieties, once the most productive varieties were also those with higher potential to leave descendants, measured by the average stand.

Avaliação de metodologias de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares milho

The aim of this study was to compare three methodologies which analyze adaptability and stability of corn cultivars. It evaluated the productivity of corn cultivars of the national experiment of Embrapa, center, regarding the crops 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in order to determine the adaptability and stability, by the methods of Lin and Binns with decomposition (CRUZ; CARNEIRO, 2006), Annicchiarico with decomposition (SCHMILDT; CRUZ, 2005) and by another method proposed based on the Annicchiarico method with decomposition. The use of the average standard error instead of the standard deviation in the calculation of the variability of environments for each cultivar, as well as for the increasing of the confidence level of 75 to 95% was proposed. It was noticed that the results of indication of cultivars by the three methods showed Spearman’s high correlation (p < 0.01). The new method presents advantages: it values the deviations between the environments by taking into account the number of environments and presenting the lowest level of significance (allowing lowest type I error). The proposed methodology presents the numerical results of the confidence index equal to the results of the Annicchiarico method with decomposition when the compared number of environments is equal to six.

Allometric model for estimating leaf area in clonal varieties of coffee (Coffea canephora)

The evaluation of leaf area is required in several agronomic studies given their importance to assess the plant growth. The objective of this study was to use statistical models to estimate leaf area of five clonal varieties of coffee (Coffea canephora) from linear dimensions (length and width maximum). Were used in the studies five varieties of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner: Emcapa 8111, Emcapa 8121 Emcapa 8131, Emcapa 8141 and at Incaper 8142. The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that the linear model expresses the best estimate of leaf area. Among the different independent variables adopted, the product of length and greatest width (L.W) was found to be the greatest significance and higher coefficients of determination (R2). The regression equation that best expresses the estimated leaf area for the five clonal varieties is Ŷi = 0.6723 + 0.6779 xi, where xi represents the product of the greatest length and the greatest width of the leaves.

In vitro germination of beetroot seeds treated with Ga3 and sucrose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro germination of beetroot seeds, cv. Early Wonder Tall Top, treated with gibberellic acid and sucrose at different concentrations. A randomized complete block design in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with ?ve replications was used. The beetroot seeds ware presoaked in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and destilated water during six hours, maintained of ?ve concentration of culture medium (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 g L -1 ). Seeds treated with GA 3 and maintained in medium with sucrose in the concentrations of 15 g L -1 presented the highest germination, while seedlings with the highest vigor were obtained with seeds maintained in the medium at 15 and 30 g L -1 of saccharose.

Adubação foliar com macro e micronutrientes no crescimento de mudas micropropagadas do abacaxizeiro cv. Gold [Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill] em diferentes recipientes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the foliar fertilization with macro and micronutrients on the growth of the plantlets micropropagated of pineapple cv. Gold [Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill] in different containers. The experiment was mounted in factorial arrangement 8x3, with foliar fertilization in 8 levels and containers in 3 levels, through a completely randomized design with five repetitions. The plantlets were standardized with average height of 7,12 cm. The foliar fertilization was used in the urea, potassium chloride, boric acid, a commercial formulated with macro and micronutrients and witness (pulverization with water) and the containers were: polystyrene tray with 200 cells; small tubete with 115 cm3; and big tubete with 300 cm3. The substratum used for all the containers was the plantmax hortalicas®. The foliar area characteristics, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part and of the root at 140 days after planting were evaluated. All the foliar fertilizers, in all used containers, provided larger growth in foliar area, height and dry mass of the aerial part to the plantlets of the pineapple, however with different results. The foliar fertilizers do not increase the dry mass of the radicular system. The container polystyrene tray presents the smallest averages for foliar area, height and dry mass of the aerial part of the plantlets of the pineapple with all the foliar fertilizer. The containers small tubete and big tubete present similar results in all levels of foliar fertilizers.

Enraizamento adventício de estacas do maracujazeiro silvestre Passiflora mucronata Lam.: forma de veiculação e concentrações do ácido indol-3-butírico

Adventitious rooting of wild passionflower Passiflora mucronata Lam. cuttings: vehiculation ways and concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid Passiflora mucronata Lam. is an ornamental, medicinal plant and resistant to bacterial blight on leaves. In addition, it is highly resistant to anthracnose in fruits and branches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vehicultaion way, liquid or solid, and concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on adventitious rooting of P. mucronatacuttings. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a 2x5factorial design (IBA vehiculation ways: liquid and solid x IBA concentrations: 0; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L -1 for liquid or mg Kg -1 for solid), with four replicates with 16 cuttings each. The characteristics evaluated were rooting (%), root number, longest root length (cm), root volume (cm 3 ) and dry weight of root (g). It was found that the rooting of P. mucronata Lam. does not depend on the way IBA is conveyed, solid or liquid, but the quality of the root system, evaluated by means of the number , volume and dry mass of roots was superior to the one achieved whensolid IBA was used. The behavior of rooting, number and length of roots increased linearly up to the maximum concentration of IBA (1000 mg L -1 or mg Kg -1 ).

Melhoria na eficiência dos experimentos de indicalção de cultivares de milho

Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o comportamento da precisao experimental mediante o uso de metodos de correcao de produtividade das parcelas experimentais e suas influencias sobre a comparacao e indicacao de cultivares de milho pelo metodo de Annicchiarico (1992). Foram analisadas 33 cultivares com tres repeticoes em blocos casualizados em 8 ambientes, submetidos a correcao do rendimento de parcelas pelos metodos da covariância para estande ideal (COVI) e pela correcao estratificada (CE), incluindo a analise sem correcao (SC). Houve reducao no coeficiente de variacao, com o ajuste da produtividade, melhorando a eficiencia dos experimentos. Os metodos COVI e CE foram consistentes na correcao da produtividade para indicacao de cultivares. A correcao dos dados influencia na indicacao de cultivares.

Comparison of methods for classification of the coefficient of variation in papaya

The objective of this work was to study the distribution of values of the coefficient of variation (CV) in the experiments of papaya crop (Carica papaya L.) by proposing ranges to guide researchers in their evaluation for different characters in the field. The data used in this study were obtained by bibliographical review in Brazilian journals, dissertations and thesis. This study considered the following characters: diameter of the stalk, insertion height of the first fruit, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit biomass, fruit length, equatorial diameter of the fruit, pulp thickness, fruit firmness, soluble solids and internal cavity diameter, from which, value ranges were obtained for the CV values for each character, based on the methodology proposed by Garcia, Costa and by the standard classification of Pimentel-Gomes. The results obtained in this study indicated that ranges of CV values were different among various characters, presenting a large variation, which justifies the necessity of using specific evaluation range for each character. In addition, the use of classification ranges obtained from methodology of Costa is recommended.

Propagação vegetativa de espécies silvestres do gênero Piper, com potencial para uso como porta enxertos em pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrun)

The establishment of species used as rootstock, which are important in horticulture crop scan may be multiplied, with the aid of growth regulators, by cutting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of IBA on the establishment of native species of the genus Piper with potential use as rootstock of Piper nigrum. Cuttings of P. arboreum, P. amplum and P. sp were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0 ,2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000mg.L-1) and maintained in a greenhouse with intermittent irrigation, with the temperature and humidity controlled. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x5 plan (3 Piper species x5 doses of IBA) and comprising of three repetitions per treatment, each plot consisting of 10 cuttings. The evaluation was performed at 45 days of transplanting and the analyzed variables were: survival rate, the number of leaves, the number of shoots and the length of the largest shoot. The Piper arboretum species showed the best growth results for the aerial part independent of the IBA concentration used.

Somatic embryogenesis in Carica papaya as affected by auxins and explants, and morphoanatomical-related aspects

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants of the THB papaya cultivar. Apical shoots and cotyledonary leaves were inoculated in an induction medium composed of different concentrations of 2,4-D (6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 µM) or 4-CPA (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 µM). The embryogenic calluses were transferred to a maturation medium for 30 days. Histological analysis were done during the induction and scanning electron microscopy after maturing. For both types of auxin, embryogenesis was achieved at higher frequencies with cotyledonary leaves incubated in induction medium than with apical shoots; except for callogenesis. The early-stage embryos (e.g., globular or heart-shape) predominated. Among the auxins, best results were observed in cotyledonary leaves induced with 4-CPA (25 µM). Histological analyses of the cotyledonary leaf-derived calluses confirmed that the somatic embryos (SEs) formed from parenchyma cells, predominantly differentiated via indirect and multicellular origin and infrequently via synchronized embryogenesis. The secondary embryogenesis was observed during induction and maturation phases in papaya THB cultivar. The combination of ABA (0.5 µM) and AC (15 g L-1) in maturation medium resulted in the highest somatic embryogenesis induction frequency (70 SEs callus-1) and the lowest percentage of early germination (4%).