José Carlos Machado Pimentel

Consumo e digestibilidade de subprodutos do processamento de frutas em ovinos

ABSTRACT - This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the nutritive value of byproducts of fruit processor. Byproducts ofpineapple, west indian cherry (WIC), guava, passion fruit and melon were evaluated. Twenty sheep castrated males, with average weightof 34.5 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments (byproducts) and four replications. Dry matter intakes(DMI) of byproducts of guava, passion fruit and melon by the animals were similar but higher than WIC byproduct. The highest cr udeprotein intake (CPI) (g/animal/day, g/BW 0.75 ) was observed in passion fruit and melon byproducts, while WIC byproduct the lowestCPI. Guava byproduct showed the higher intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and passion frui tbyproduct showed the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) coefficient. Guava and WIC byproducts showed ADMSlower than the others. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP) of passion fruit and melon byproducts werehigher than the others byproducts. As for, the coefficients of apparent digestibility of NDF (ADNDF) and ADF (ADADF), WIC andguava byproducts were lower while passion fruit byproduct showed ADNDF and ADADF higher than the others. No difference amongevaluates byproducts for nitrogen balance was observed. Results showed that; pineapple, passion fruit and melon byproducts coul dbe used in ruminant diets. However, WIC and guava byproducts showed low nutrient digestibility coefficients, restricting their usein ruminant diets.Key Words: byproducts, digestibility, intake, sheep

Avaliação do valor nutritivo do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar amonizado com uréia

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of crescent levels of urea, with or without urease, on sugarcane bagasse nutritive value. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (4 x 2) + 1 (control), with four replicates. The evaluated factors were urea levels (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0% DM), urease levels (presence - 20% of urea fresh matter - and absence) and a control treatment (0.0% urea and without urease). There was an effect of urea addition (63.3%) on the control (69.6%) and effect of urease presence (64.4%) on its absence (62.1%) for the dry matter (DM) content. The smallest estimated DM content (62.5%) was observed at 6.2% urea level. The crude protein (CP) content linearly increased with the addition of crescent levels of urea (12.0%) as compared to the control (1.2%), without urease effect. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of ammoniated materials (81.4%) was smaller than the control (84.7%), with a negative linear effect of the crescent levels of urea. There was higher NDF content in the treatments with the presence of urease (82.1%) than on the treatments without urease (80.8%). The average in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the control treatment (23.2%) was lower than average urea addition treatments (28.5%), with positive linear effect by the crescent addition of the urea levels. There was no urease effect on IVDMD. The ammoniation with urea improved the sugar cane bagasse nutritive value, without necessity to add urease.

Utilização do farelo de castanha de caju na terminação de ovinos em confinamento

A study was conducted to evaluate the use of cashew nuts meal (CNM) in diets for sheep, raised in feedlot. Thirty two crossbred animals received concentrates with the same amount of crude protein, but four different levels of CNM (0, 12, 24 and 36%). A factorial 4 x 2 was used, with four levels of CNM and 2 sexes, with four repetitions. Daily weight gain and feed conversion as well as intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and ashes were determined by analysis of variance, Duncan statistical test and regression analysis. Intake was estimated as g/animal/day, percentage of body weight (%BW) and g/BW 0.75 . There were differences in intake of DM, CP and EE when animals were fed concentrates with 0 and 36% of CNM. Also, intake of DM, CP and NDF tended to decrease as the levels of CNM increased in the diet. EE intake increased according to the different CNM levels. The type of diet did not significantly affect either weight gain or feed conversion. Therefore, cashew nut meal can be included up to 24% in the concentrate, but the total diets should not have more than 6% of fat.

In vitro rumen fermentation dynamics of false fruit from five cashew clone trees

Avaliou-se a dinâmica de fermentacao ruminal dos carboidratos totais (CT) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do pseudofruto de cinco clones de cajueiro (CP 06, CP 09, CP 76, CP 1001 e BRS 189) pela tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases. As leituras de pressao foram realizadas 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 48, 60 e 72 horas para determinacao da degradacao dos carboidratos totais e da FDN, pela quantificacao do residuo apos 72 horas de incubacao. As curvas de producao cumulativa de gases foram ajustadas utilizando-se os modelos propostos por France e Gompertz para carboidratos totais e fibra em detergente neutro, respectivamente. Na avaliacao da degradacao dos carboidratos totais, o potencial maximo de producao de gases (Vf) diferiu entre o CP 09 e o BRS 189. O CP 1001 foi o que apresentou menor tempo de colonizacao. As taxas de fermentacao dos CP 09, CP 1001 e CP 06 foram ligeiramente superiores as do CP 76 e dos BRS 189. A taxa de producao de gases apresentou dois picos, as 6 e as 21 horas. O BRS 189 foi o que apresentou menor degradacao as 72 horas de fermentacao. Na avaliacao da fermentacao ruminal da FDN, O CP 09 apresentou maior potencial maximo de producao de gases e o CP 06, CP 1001 e BRS 189, maiores taxas de producao de gases. A eficiencia microbiana foi maior no CP 09 e a producao cumulativa de gases, no CP 1001. Os pseudofrutos dos clones de cajueiro avaliados tem potencial para uso na alimentacao de ruminantes por terem boa qualidade fermentativa.

Estimativa do Volume de Gases por Meio de Equação de Regressão para Implantação da Técnica In Vitro Semi-automática de Produção de Gases

A tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases vem sendo utilizada e fi cientemente na determinacao do valor nutritivo de alimentos para ruminantes. Fundamenta-se no volume de gases produzidos da fermentacao de substratos incubados em meio nutritivo e inoculo ruminal. O volume pode ser estimado indiretamente por equacao de regressao a partir das leituras de pressao gerada dentro dos frascos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se determinar uma equacao de regressao para o Laboratorio de Nutricao Animal da Universidade Federal do Piaui relacionando-se os valores de pressao e volume, utilizando-se pedunculo de Anacardium occidentale como substrato. Para o ensaio de producao de gases incubou-se em frascos de fermentacao 1 g de amostra, 90 mL do meio nutritivo, 10 mL do inoculo ruminal e CO 2 , os quais foram mantidos a 39oC. As leituras de pressao e as medidas de volume foram realizadas as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 48, 60 e 72 h, utilizando-se um transdutor de pressao conectado a uma valvula de duas saidas. A equacao de regressao predita foi: V=0,1178P2(s.e.=0,003)+4,7295P (s.e.=0,009) e coe fi ciente de correlacao (R 2 =0,99). A equacao de regressao obtida estimou satisfatoriamente o volume de gases.

PRODUÇÃO DE CAPRINOS DA RAÇA MAROTA NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ

The native races of goats from northeast Brazil are in a extinction process. Considering the need for preservation and maintenance of the rusticity of these ecotypes in the genetic improvement, this research was carried out with the aim of evaluation of the productivity of Marota, a native race of goat, from northeast Brazil. The eight years means for mating, parturation and prolificity were low (81.43%, 67.92% and 128.94% respectively), with no year effect (P > 0.05). The females body weight (means of seven years) were 28.83, 29.42 and 29.80kg at the pre-mating, after-mating and parturation time, with year effect (P < 0.01). The mean birth weight was lower than 2kg, even for the single birth. The weanning body weight ranged from 7.93 to 10.68kg, showing the slow growth common to the native goats. The birth body weight was affected by the brith year and by the parturation type (single or twin). But the weanning body weight was affected by the birth year, parturation type and sex. The mean mortality percentage was 27.15 being affected by the year (P < 0.01) and parturation type (P < 0.05), being higher for the twins.

Nutritional value of whole coconut, coconut powder, and coconut fiber treated with sodium hydroxide for sheep

The growing consumption of green coconut - fresh and industrialized - in Brazil generates a large volume of wastes and coproducts that justifies the search for alternatives for their use in animal feeding. The most limiting factor to the inclusion of these coproducts in ruminant diets is their high fiber content, which may restrict intake and performance. The present study determined the composition and in vitro dry matter degradability of whole coconut, coconut powder, and coconut fiber treated with sodium hydroxide (0%, 3%, and 6%) and the effect of including whole coconut hydrolyzed with 6% sodium hydroxide at different concentrations (25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%) in the diet on apparent digestibility of nutrients, performance, and feeding behavior of sheep. Alkalinization decreased the hemicellulose, NDF, and ADF contents of the evaluated coproducts. Whole coconut and coconut powder provided greater in vitro degradation of DM compared with coconut fiber, with highest values obtained with the inclusion of 6% sodium hydroxide. Inclusion of whole coconut in the diets did not affect the intakes of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF, but influenced weight gain, feed conversion, and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF. Regarding the feeding behavior of the animals, the inclusion of whole coconut in the diet only affected their rumination time. Whole coconut hydrolyzed with 6% NAOH can be included in diets for feedlot sheep at up to 35% without reducing intake or weight gain.

Composição Química da Silagem de Capim Elefante cv. Napier (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) com Diferentes Níveis de Leucena cv. Cunningham (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.)

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusao de leucena na silagem de capim-elefante, atraves da avaliacao da composicao quimico-bromatologica. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40% de leucena) e 5 repeticoes. Observou-se diferenca (P e nao influenciou os teores de MS, FDA e EB.