José Célio Silveira Andrade

Formação de estratégias socioambientais corporativas: os jogos Aracruz Celulose-partes interessadas

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as interacoes de Aracruz Celulose com as partes interessadas (stakeholders) durante o processo de formacao de estrategias socioambientais corporativas no que tange, particularmente, as demandas de mercado, de regulacao e de comunicacao. Para alcancar este objetivo, o trabalho utiliza-se da estrategia metodologica de estudo de caso, complementada por tecnicas de analise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observacao nao-participante. Por meio de uma grade analitica, construida a partir de premissas das abordagens teoricas dos jogos coopetitivos e stakeholders, neste estudo de caso argumenta-se que para administrar a tensao inerente aos seus interesses corporativos e aqueles dos stakeholders, a Aracruz identifica os elementos mais importantes desses jogos socioambientais e formula estrategias para influencia-los mediante o planejamento de um sistema de representacao e defesa dos seus interesses. Salienta-se que a grade analitica utilizada privilegiou a compreensao da face racional-voluntarista do processo de formacao de estrategias socioambientais da Aracruz, e recomenda-se uma analise deste processo nao somente por meio do intercâmbio racional como locus de formacao de estrategias corporativas, mas tambem como processo sociopolitico moldado por regras, normas e convencoes institucionalizadas.

Social HAZOP at an Oil Refinery

Several tools are used in the maintenance of process safety at industry [e.g., Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) and Hazards Operation Assessment (HAZOP)]. Each tool or technique can prevent that hazards becoming accidents through project improvements and managerial decisions. The project of equipment and process of chemical industries include technical specifications that work better if human behavior in operation has a pattern without great variations. The HAZOP study indicates top human errors in the control process activities, only identifies common human error of slip (it does not discuss), memory mistake, rules and, consequently, the wrong decision. The Social HAZOP (SH) discusses cognitive processing and the commitment level of the operator in task execution. The SH includes these activities: building of team to investigate human error, identification of critical situations at process with integration with social/human aspects, establish social nodes, analysis of social/human factors, choose items after comparison of standards and subjective measurements, analysis of deviations from social and human processes, recommendations of the SH. An exercise of SH application was done involving level control at separation equipment in a refinery. The recommendations suggest actions in different levels (strategic, tactic, routine, and emergency) and different types (policies, team, managerial aspects, leadership, human and social aspects, stress process at job, risk management, and root cause).

Social development benefits of hydroelectricity CDM projects in Brazil

In recent years, the concept of sustainable development (SD) has become increasingly recognized and important. Within organizations, SD is often portrayed as a balancing act and requires a combination of three elements to be considered: economy, environment, and society. Traditionally, organizational management research has been focused on economical and environmental fronts. However, social aspects are also important for organizations, especially those in emerging and developing countries. The goal of this article is to investigate the potential of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects to deliver social benefits in Brazil’s hydroelectricity sector. The investigation involved the assessment of 46 registered hydro CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol in terms of their potential impact on the envisaged social development goals. Two case studies were also examined. Results indicate that organizations managing hydroelectric initiatives in Brazil can provide the pathway toward achieving a number of important social benefits. Successful projects were found to have good community involvement and were managed by both cooperative ventures and money-making corporations. The research also identified several challenges that are hindering hydro CDM projects from delivering more social benefits and enabled a number of recommendations to be extracted for the organizations facing these challenges.

Cultura e gestão da segurança no trabalho: uma proposta de modelo

O estudo apresentado neste artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver um modelo para identificar o estagio de maturidade da cultura de seguranca de uma organizacao. Muitos pesquisadores consideram que a cultura de seguranca pode evoluir na organizacao passando por diferentes estagios. Uma cultura de seguranca em estagio avancado e um fator importante para a prevencao de acidentes e doencas ocupacionais. O trabalho apresenta uma revisao de literatura sobre o tema, abordando conceitos, fatores essenciais e modelos de estagio de maturidade de cultura de seguranca. O resultado deste estudo e um modelo que podera ser utilizado pelas organizacoes para identificar o estagio de maturidade de sua cultura de seguranca. O modelo e uma importante ferramenta gerencial, pois, identificando qual o seu estagio de cultura de seguranca, a organizacao pode adotar medidas para melhora-la. O modelo proposto define os seguintes estagios de uma cultura de seguranca numa organizacao: patologico, reativo, burocratico, proativo e melhoria continua. O estagio e definido pelo modo como a organizacao trata os seguintes fatores, considerados como essenciais para a cultura de seguranca: informacao, aprendizagem organizacional, envolvimento, comunicacao e comprometimento.

Voluntary carbon market and its contributions to sustainable development: analysis of the Monte Pascoal–Pau Brazil Ecological Corridor

This paper aims to analyse the co-benefits of reforestation projects developed in the voluntary carbon market based on the analysis of a single case study: the ecological corridor project Monte Pascoal-Pau Brazil, the first forest restoration project in Latin America to receive the seal climate community and biodiversity (CCB). To achieve this purpose, the research combined: i) primary sources, obtained from visits and interviews with key actors and script for semi-structured, with; ii) secondary sources, including reports of institutions on this theme and references. The results presented showed that forestry projects have positive co-benefits beyond those achieved in reducing deforestation and carbon sequestration, whether in environmental and social benefits. The case study had interesting picture of forest governance, growing in transparent structures of popular participation, but has exposed deficiencies in the sector, as the absence of a strong institutional framework - which leads to legal uncertainty and policy.

The human side of social technology for climate change mitigation and human development: the case of 'efficient stoves' in Brazil

Carbon management has gradually gained attention within the overall environmental management and corporate social responsibility agendas. The clean development mechanism, from Kyoto Protocol, was envisioned as connecting carbon market and sustainable development objectives in developing countries. Previous research has shown that this potential is rarely being achieved. The paper explores how the incorporation of the human side into carbon management reinforces its contribution to generate human development in local communities and to improve the company’s image. A case study of a Brazilian company is presented, with the results of the application of an analytical model that incorporates the human side and human development. The selected project is an ‘efficient stoves’ programme. ‘Efficient stoves’ are recognised in Brazil as social technologies. Results suggest that the fact that social technologies value the human side of the technology plays a key role when it comes to analysing the co-benefits of the project implementation.

Sustainable Development and Cleaner Technology in Brazilian Energy CDM Projects: Consideration of Risks

ABSTRACT Given the international urgency of addressing climate change, this article evaluates the contribution of energy Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for the generation of cleaner technologies and the promotion of sustainable development in Brazil. In order to do this, energy CDM projects representing the Brazilian context were selected and a multi-case study was conducted. The data collected were compared using a data triangulation technique and further analyzed in the light of an analysis model built on the following concepts: CDM projects cycle, technology transfer, environmental technologies, and sustainable development. The results demonstrate the prevalence of projects that: (a) use renewable energy sources and technologies that can be classified as cleaner, (b) have a triple bottom line profile with regard to sustainable development, and (c) show partially exogenous or predominantly endogenous technology transfer. General risk factors are presented and analyzed from a CDM projects life cycles perspective. The results show that Brazilian energy CDM projects contribute to cleaner technology generation and to the promotion of triple bottom line (social, economic, and environmental) sustainable development.

Modelo para a gestão da cultura de segurança do trabalho em organizações industriais

A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo teve o objetivo de desenvolver e validar um modelo para identificar o estagio de maturidade da cultura de seguranca do trabalho em organizacoes industriais. Com a finalidade de valida-lo, o modelo desenvolvido foi aplicado em 23 empresas quimicas e petroquimicas do Polo Industrial de Camacari, Bahia, Brasil. Foram utilizados os seguintes metodos para validacao do modelo desenvolvido: 1) entrevistas individuais, 2) evidencias documentais, 3) entrevistas com grupo de gerentes e 4) aplicacao do modelo em outro ramo de atividade diferente do ramo quimico e petroquimico. O principal resultado obtido foi que o modelo desenvolvido foi validado e pode ser utilizado para identificar o estagio de maturidade da cultura de seguranca em organizacoes industriais.

Safety culture in petrochemical companies in Brazil

A framework to measure safety culture maturity in Brazilian petrochemical companies was formulated. A questionnaire was designed to measure 5 aspects of organizational safety indicative of 5 levels of cultural maturity in Brazilian industry. The questionnaire was completed by the safety managers of 23 petrochemical companies based in Camacari, Brazil. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by asking the same questions in an interview and comparing the results (alternate-forms reliability). The correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and interview scores on each dimension ranged from r= 0.7 – 0.9, demonstrating good reliability of the measures used. The research findings demonstrated that the companies studied showed characteristics of different levels of safety culture. The framework was found to be practical to use, making it possible to identify levels of safety culture maturity in the context of the Brazilian petrochemical industry.

The determinants mostly disclosed by companies that are members of the Carbon Disclosure Project

Concerns about climate change as a result of anthropic actions have led to an increase in the volume of information disclosed about it in the reports of companies that are members of the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). In this context, the factors most disclosed remain obscure due to both the complexity of climate change impacts and the stakeholders’ different interests. This study aims to identify which factors are most disclosed in the reports of companies that are members of CDP. For this purpose, it is necessary to investigate if the factors indicated by managers and experts are the main ones disclosed in the reports of Brazilian companies that are members of CDP, as well as to identify which companies stand out in climate change disclosure based on these factors. To this end, 463 reports submitted by 48 companies between 2014 and 2016 were examined and 32 factors were investigated using the NVivo® software. Some companies submitted reports with unified titles, which reduced the sample. The results indicate that certain factors—prevention of pollution, prevention of loss, management of environmental assets, volume of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and climate change strategy—account for 50.03% of the total volume of information disclosed about climate change. The main lesson learned from this research is that climate change mitigation strategy is strongly supported by the evidence of corporate annual reports, and it has relation with the following determinant factors: pollution prevention, loss prevention, environmental asset management, GHG emissions, and the strategy chosen by the companies to deal with climate change. Due to the low volume of research related to loss prevention and pollution prevention, we have identified that little attention has been paid to these items. Based on our results, we recommend that climate change mitigation strategies begin to consider these determinant factors in their structure because both have a strong influence in demonstrating how companies are managing these factors for stakeholders. Therefore, companies can benefit from this data to manage their resources for the maintenance of the social contract (legitimacy) through the factors most disclosed, especially companies with lower scores on the scale of ranking presented. Hence, stakeholders can have access to more information on strategies that mitigate climate change and help companies improve the disclosure of the actions that contribute to reduction of GHG emissions.