José Ernandes Rufino de Sousa

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade de variância residual em modelos de regressão aleatória sobre o crescimento de caprinos Anglo-Nubianos

The objective of this work was to compare random regression models with different structures of residual variances, in the estimate of covariance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in goats. Regression functions using Legendre orthogonal polynomials of the fourth order were used for modeling animal growth trajectory, and polynomial of third order for modeling direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and permanent environmental effect. Different residual variance structures were considered using alternatively step functions (from one to seven different classes of residual variances) or variance functions using ordinary and Legendre polynomials, with orders of fit from the first to fourth order. Models were compared by likelihood ratio test, Akaikes information criterion and Schwarzs bayesian criterion. Models including residual variance functions showed better results than those including classes of variance. The ordinary polynomial of third order showed better results than the other models. Genetic parameters are affected by different residual variance structures in the models, however, genetic parameters estimates using four classes of residual variance, ordinary polynomial and Legendre polynomial of third order are similar.

Modeling of average growth curve in Santa Ines sheep using random regression models

Polynomial functions of age of different orders were evaluated in the modeling of the average growth trajectory in Santa Ines sheep in random regression models. Initially, the analyses were performed not considering the animal effect. Subsequently, the random regression analyses were performed including the random effects of the animal and its mother (genetic and permanent environment). The linear fit was lower, and the other orders were similar until near 100 days of age. The cubic function provided the closest fit of the observed averages, mainly at the end of the curve. Orders superior to this one tended to present incoherent behavior with the observed weights. The estimated direct heritabilities, considering the linear fit, were higher to those estimated by considering other functions. The changes in animal ranking based on predicted breeding values using linear fit and superior orders were small; however, the difference in magnitude of the predicted breeding values was higher, reaching values 77% higher than those obtained with the cubic function. The cubic polynomial function is efficient in describing the average growth curve.

Genotype by environment interaction in different birth seasons for weight at 240, 365 and 450 days of age in Tabapuã cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) on the weight of Tabapua cattle at 240 (W240), 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days of age. In total, 35,732 records of 8,458 Tabapua animals which were born in the state of Bahia, Brazil, from 1975 to 2001, from 167 sires and 3,707 dams, were used. Two birth seasons were tested as for the environment effect: the dry (D) and rainy (R) ones. The covariance components were obtained by a multiple-trait analysis using Bayesian inference, in which each trait was considered as being different in each season. Covariance components were estimated by software gibbs2f90. As for W240, the model was comprised of contemporary groups and cow age (in classes) as fixed effects; animal and maternal genetic additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual were considered as random effects. Concerning W365 and W450, the model included only the contemporary aged cow groups as fixed effects and the genetic additive and residual effects of the animal as the random ones. The GEI was assessed considering the genetic correlation, in which values below 0.80 indicated the presence of GEI. Regarding W365 and W450, the GEI was found in both seasons. As for post-weaning weight (W240), the effect of such interaction was not observed.