José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral

Efeito de diferentes substratos sobre o desenvolvimento de mudas de Acacia sp.

Sewage sludge has been studied as source of organic matter on seedling production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the development of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis seedlings in the following substrates: a) oxic horizon + sand (1:1, v:v) + 160, 640 e 160 g m-3 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively (HB); b) oxic horizon + sand + cattle manure (1:1:1, v:v) (HBE); c) oxic horizon + sand + sewage sludge (1:1:1, v:v) (HBL) and; d) 100% sewage sludge (LE). The substrates were limed with 1 kg m-3CaCO3 p.a.. Seeds, inoculated and non-inoculated with Rhizobium, were used, and 90 days after planting, measures of collar diameter, plant height, and root and shoot dry matter (with determination of N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were taken. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a factorial 2 x 4 arrangement (with or without inoculation x 4 substrates). Better performance in seedling growth was obtained in the LE substrate with inoculated seeds. Comparatively, the HBE substrate was superior to the HBL substrate. There were no significant differences for most evaluated parameters in the HBE, HBL and HB substrates due to inoculation, probably because the existence of native bacteria in these substrates. The seedlings developing in the LE substrate accumulated more N and Ca, mainly when inoculated. There was a tendency of larger P, K and Mg accumulation in shoots of seedlings developing in the HBE substrate.

Efficiency and response of conilon coffee clones to phosphorus fertilization

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm 3 of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar “V itoria Incaper 8142” and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P 2 O 5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon cof fee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally ef ficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATEIRO POR ESTAQUIA: EFEITO DO SUBSTRATO E COMPRIMENTO DE ESTACAS

Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da producao de mudas de tomateiro por estaquia em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetacao no Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da UFES, em Alegre-ES. Para a producao de mudas do tomateiro comparou se os substratos: mistura de solo + areia lavada + esterco bovino, Plantmax® e areia lavada. Os substratos foram acondicionados em recipientes plasticos ( 8 cm de altura e 7 cm de diâmetro), com capacidade para 200 mL. Brotacoes foram retiradas de diferentes posicoes de plantas matrizes. Assim, as estacas foram padronizadas em tres alturas: 5, 8 e 11 cm . O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (substratos x estacas) com tres repeticoes e 30 mudas por parcela, totalizando 810 mudas. Foram detectados efeitos significativos para a interacao entre os tipos de substratos e alturas de estacas nas seguintes caracteristicas: comprimento do sistema radicular, diametro medio das raizes, relacao entre a massa seca da parte aerea e massa seca do sistema radicular, massa seca total e massa seca do sistema radicular. Estacas de 5 cm apresentaram menor relacao PA/SR independente do tipo de substrato e maior proporcao de massa seca alocada no sistema radicular (53,8%). A propagado vegetativa do tomateiro e viavel, contudo maiores estudos sobre substratos alternativos, condicoes de enraizamento e padrao do material vegetal utilizado devem ser realizados.

Nutrição e vigor de mudas de cafeeiro e infestação por bicho mineiro

The effects of N and K availabilities on both growth of coffee plant seedlings and attack by the leaf-miner (Leucoptera coffeella-Guerin-Meneville) to these coffee plants were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in nutritive solution under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of a complete factorial scheme composed by 4 doses of nitrogen and 4 of potassium on a entirely randomized design with three replicates and two plants per plot.The plants were infested with the leaf miner when they were 6 months old. Two months latv. 1,v. 1,er they were evaluated.The obtained data were submited to variance, regression and correlation analysis. Protein content presented positive correlation with the attack of the coffee leaf-miner, while the contents of lignin, starch and total soluble sugars showed a negative correlation. The stronger attack of the leaf-miner occurred in the most vigorous coffee seedlings which were provided with an adequate nitrogen nutrition.

Tolerance of arabica coffee cultivars for aluminum in nutritive solution

This work aimed to evaluate the Coffea arabica cultivars for aluminum toxicity tolerance, in modified Hoagland solution. A completely randomized design with five repetitions in a factorial 4 x 4 (cultivar x combinations of aluminum) was used. After 44 days of the sowing, were transferred ten seedlings each cultivar germinated in the absence of Al3+ to solution without Al3+, and ten for solution with Al3+; ten seedlings each cultivar germinated in presence of Al3+ to solution without Al3+, and ten for solution with Al3+. In the treatment with aluminum, the element was added to the nutritive solution in the concentration of 0.83 mmol L-1 as Al2(SO4)3.16H2O. The cultivars Catuai Amarelo IAC 62 and Iapar 59 were tolerant to the aluminum; cultivar Oeiras presented intermediate tolerance, while cultivar Obata IAC 1669-20 was sensitive. The tolerance of the coffee cultivars to the aluminum during the initial development of the seedlings did not depend on the presence of aluminum in the germination phase.

Eficiência na produção de frutos e alocação relativa de nutrientes em cultivares de cafeeiro

Considering the low productivity of plants in soil of lower natural fertility and the high cost of fertilizers, the selection of cultivars more efficient in the absorption and use of mineral nutrients is a necessity. Four coffee varieties were evaluated for mineral nutrient use efficiency in the production of beans, as well as the relative allocation of these nutrients in reproductive organs. The experiment was carried-out in field conditions in an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks design, in a factorial arrangement (4 x 3) x 4, consisting of four coffee varieties (Acaia IAC-474-19, Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 and Catuai Vermelho IAC-99), three fertilization levels (lower, adequate and high), with four replications. The plot useful area consisted of nine plants with spacing of 2 x 1 m. The variety Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282 was the most productive in the condition of low nutrient input, while Rubi MG-1192 and Catuai Vermelho IAC-99 were more productive with high nutrient input. The production of dry coffee per unit of P, Ca, Mg and B accumulated in the plant was larger at the high fertilization level. The varieties Rubi MG-1192 and Catuai Vermelho IAC-99 showed greater efficiency of nutrient use for production of beans at the high level of fertilization. Considering the mean of relative allocation of nutrients in the beans, of the four varieties, at the usual level of fertilization, it was found that they have 3 8.1 % of N, 46.3% of P, 40.2% of S, 42.7% of K, 13.2% of the Ca, 25.0% of Mg, 40.6% of the Cu, 19.5% of Zn and 17.7% of B.

Crescimento vegetativo e produtividade de cafeeiros Conilon propagados por estacas em tubetes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth and productivity of conilon coffee-tree (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner), proceeding from seedlings produced of deep-rooted cuttings initially in plastic tubes with capacity of 50 cm3. The treatments were constituted of permanence period in plastic tube for 0; 15; 30; 45 and 60 days. After these periods the plants were transplanted for polyethylene bags filled with substrate (soil + sand + manure bovine and chemical fertilization) maintained on the greenhouse with environment under shading canvas (50%) and automatic micro aspersion during 150 days. After this time the plants were maintained during 30 days in acclimatization greenhouse management. Field experiment was set up in September of 1999, at experimental area CCA-UFES, in Alegre, south state of the Espirito Santo, Brasil. The following measurements were made: length of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches after first year and the first four productions. The results showed there were no differences either in vegetative growth and fruits production.