José G. de V. Baracuhy

Deterioração físico-conservacionista da microbacia hidrográfica do riacho Paus Brancos, Campina Grande, PB

The objective of the present study consisted in the diagnosis of the physical conservationist deterioration of the microbasin of the Paus Brancos Stream, Campina Grande, PB, in the semi-arid region of Paraiba state. The microbasin was divided in 11 minibasin. The methodology consisted in determination of the rugosity coefficient (Ruggdeness Number - RN), using the physical characteristics of the minibasins and the distribution of land use classes using the rugosity coefficient. In the studied area the physical conservationist deterioration is high (34.91%), contributing to this the small vegetable covering 232.15 ha (10.05%). There is availability of many areas for the agriculture but their utilization depends on auxiliary diagnosis. Although there are only 172.37 ha (7.48%) in conflicts, for the perfect environmental equilibrium of the microbasin, 1,286.14 ha (55.68%) need to be worked out. No class A minibasin presented excess of agricultural area. The deteriorated area in the studied microbasin is 507.35 ha (21.97%).

Environmental Protection Through Environmental Services Payments

To provide goods and services to human’s ecosystems need water like fish, timber, food, grains, among others. Similarly, are responsible for important services for the preservation of the quality and quantity of water available, such as the supply and maintenance of water flows and smoothing of natural disasters related to water, such as floods and droughts. This work was carried out to explain why the existence of this type of payment services in the pursuit of environmental protection exercised in several countries including environmental Brazil, based on the location of cases of payment for environmental services. Some countries have already practiced the payment for environmental services and the majority of services is related to water. Environmental service providers whose main goal that the business is profitable and remains. Payment for environmental service exists as an incentive to conserve the environment so profitable to the owner of rural land or forests ale smallholders and farmers.

CULTIVO DE GIRASSOL EM VARIEDADES DE SUBSTRATOS

The use of solid wastes as substrates can provide components for cost reduction in the production of seedlings . In this context , the research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG , aiming to assess the cultivation of sunflower in different substrate compositions derived from agribusinesses . The treatments were : T1 ) Coconut Fiber ( 100 % ) ; T2 ) Coconut Fiber ( 50 % ) + sand ( 50 % ), T3 ) bagasse cane sugar ( 100 % ) and T4 ) Sand ( 100 % ) . A variety of sunflower used for the survey was 262 AG . ‘s Growth parameters were stem diameter ( DC ) , plant height ( PH) and the number of leaves (NL ) . It was found that the first review by the number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter were significant at 2.5 , 19.2 and 0.1 , respectively. The largest diameters of treatment 1 were all then reviews the T2 . In third evaluation in treatment 4 had higher values at the variables NF ALP than in T3. Coir had great results and the use of substrates from agribusiness is becoming viable sustainable production. these , the effectiveness of ME in Brazil and different scenarios that may benefit the environment.

EFEITO DO SUBSTRATO BOVINO NA GERMINAÇÃO DE PIMENTA BIQUINHO (CAPSICUM CHINENSE) IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA

The Brazilian semiarid region characterized by prolonged drought and poor rainfall distributed, reducing the quality and quantity of water available. In this context, the present study performed in a protected environment at the Federal University of Campina Grande aiming to analyze the germination of pepper pout with bovine substrate irrigated with different levels of wastewater treated.The treatments consisted on 5 water levels (N) using the water supply and wastewater derived from an upflow anaerobic (UASB) based on plant water requirement (NH), as follows: 100% of NH (N5) 80% of NH (N4), 60% of NH (N3), 40% of NH (N2) and 20% of NH (N1). Germination percentage (PG) the germination speed index (GSI ), mean velocity (MV) and the average time (Tm) of germination were evaluated, on biquinho pepper (BRS Moema). The germination percentage for water supply averaged 42.3% and 46.5% for wastewater. For water levels applied the average germination rate of biquinho pepper ranged from 0.086 to 0.089. The germination of pepper had better results with the use of water residuaria. O reuse of water in semi-arid regions is a viable alternative reducing costs and providing nutrients culture.

ANÁLISE DE CORPOS HÍDRICOS CONSTITUINTES DO RIACHO DAS PIABAS EM CAMPINA GRANDE/PB

Renewable natural resources are considered inexhaustible arising from to capacity for restoration after use by man , when used appropriately. In this context, this research was carried out in the catchment of the creek Piabas aiming to assess the water quality constituents of water bodies from the creek minnows for various purposes . Eight (8 ) water samples were collected in shallow natural sources such as streams , ponds and spring ; and sub - surface sources such as wells and ponds and analyzed the hydrogen potential ( pH ) , electrical conductivity (EC) , turbidity and dissolved oxygen ( DO) . The Electrical Conductivity parameter of irrigation water ( EC w ) has no degree of restriction ( < 0.70 dS m - 1 ) mild and moderate ( 0.70 to 3.00 dS m - 1 ) , with a minimum value of 0 29 dS m-1 and a maximum of 2.23 dS m- 1. Turbidity in the highest value was 1.9 and the lowest 1.3 NTU . In all samples the dissolved oxygen values are greater than 5 mg / L recommended by the MS 2914/2011.As samples can be used for animals , but there restrictions with regard for human consumption and irrigation .

Evaluation of the levels of nitrogen, organic matter and pH in sols cultivated with Prosopis

Prosopis crop was introduced in the Northeast region in Brazil with the objective to feed the livestock during the drier season. However, after 30 years, it was created a big polemic around it. Current the crop is considered as a plague. With the objective to evaluate the levels of nitrogen and organic matter and the content of pH in sols cultivated with Prosopis it was carried out an experiment between July 15th 2007 and September 30th 2008. The experimental design was in randomized block in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, with 4 repetitions, and five levels of soil available water at the irrigation management level (W1= 20% to W5 = 100% of the evapotranspiration rates) and two different soils. These when analyzed at the beginning of the experiment presented pH above 8,0, however at the end of the experiment when they were analyzed again, it was observed that in 65% of the lysimeters the pH was under 8,0 and reach a lower index of 7,1. In 92,5 of the lysimeters the level of nitrogen in the soil increased, which indexes at the begin was 0,04% and at the end of the experiment value of 0,06%, it increased in the rate that ranges from 33,3% to 66,6% respectively. In relation to the content of organic matter, it was observed that in 95% of the lysimeters there was an increase on it, when compared with the results that was found in the begin of the experiment. The values ranged from 0,86% to 2,19%, it means that there was an increase of 13,95% to the low value found and 66,21% to the bigger one. These results are according to other studies that in soil with prosopis crop there is an increase in the levels of organic matter, it is probably because of the leaves and branches that fall which protect the soil.