José Henrique Stringhini

Inoculação de nutrientes em ovos de matrizes pesadas

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of in ovo inoculation of linoleic acid, glucose, and glutamine in chick eggs at 16th day of incubation on hatchability and performance until 10 days of age. It was used a randomized block design with five treatments, as follows: in experiment 1, 0, 100, 200 or 300 µL of linoleic acid; in experiment 2, 0, 100, 200 or 300 mg of glucose; and in experiment 3, 0, 10, 20 or 30 mg of glutamine. The control was represented by the intact eggs in all experiments. In the pre hatch phase, each one of 130 eggs represented an experimental unit, and in post hatch phase each treatment had four replicates with 15 chicks each. The inoculation of linoleic acid or glucose increased embryo mortality and decreased hatchability and chick weight:egg weight ratio. In ovo inoculation of linoleic acid resulted in lighter chicks. In ovo inoculation of linoleic acid, glucose, and glutamine at different concentrations did not improve bird hatchability and performance until 10 days of age.

Efeito do peso inicial dos pintos e do período da dieta pré-inicial sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

This research was carried out to evaluate the use of pre-starter diets, through different periods to broilers with different first day weights. Two hundred and eighty one-day old chicks were allotted in brooded battery cages, in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates in a factorial design 2 x 3, (chicks weight - higher or lower than 40 g, and pre-starter periods of feeding, 1 to 7; 1 to 10 and 1 to 14 days). The performance was not influenced by pre-starter diets periods, but the first-day weight of chicks reduced feed intake and live weight at 42 days of age. For energy and nutrient intake no effect was observed for pre-starter periods, but for the light chicks, the values of consumption were lower than heavier ones for all nutrients and energy. It is possible to conclude that chicks with less than 40 grams one-day weight influenced the reduction in feed intake and the weight gain. For the measures of the different relationship among the inside organs no differences were observed.

Desempenho de frangos de corte e digestibilidade de rações com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático

The objective of this work was to evaluate the digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or millet (Pennisetum glaucum) diets with the addition of a commercial enzymatic complex formed by amylase, carbohydrases, proteases and phytase, and broiler performance. For performance evaluation, 1,800 male broilers were distributed in a randomized complete block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with four treatments (sorghum or millet diet with or without addition of enzymatic complex), and five replicates of 60 birds per experimental unit. In the metabolism assays carried out at 10 to 14 and 24 to 28 days, 420 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (millet or sorghum diet with or without addition of enzymatic complex). Data were submitted to variance analysis and averages were compared by the F test for orthogonal contrasts. In diets formulated with sorghum, the addition of the enzymatic complex provided better coefficients of digestibility of fat and nitrogen. The addition of the enzymatic complex in diets formulated with sorghum improves feed conversion ratio only in the initial phase of raising broilers, while the addition of the enzymatic complex does not improve broiler performance in diets formulated with pearl millet.

Desenvolvimento embrionário e eclodibilidade de ovos de codornas armazenados por diferentes períodos e incubados em umidades e temperaturas distintas

This study was carried out to evaluate the parameters related to hatchability of fertile eggs of Japanese quails. The eggs were stored for three periods (0, 72, and 144 hours), and incubated at two humidity (55 and 65%) and two temperatures (36.5 and 37.5°C) levels. A complete randomized design with a 3 x 2 x 2 (storage period x humidity x temperature) factorial arrangement was used. Evaluations were performed at 276, 324, 362, and 420 hours of incubation and at hatch moment. There was no significant interaction among the studied variables. Initially, the speed of embryo development was affected by storage period and hatchery temperature, but as incubation period advanced the development was similar in all experimental groups. The embryo mortality, especially in the early phase, was higher in eggs stored for 144 hours and in eggs incubated at 65% of relative humidity, after shell breaking. The eclosion was faster in eggs incubated at 37.5°C, 65% of relative humidity and stored more than 72 hours. The hatchability was higher in the eggs stored until 72 hours. Quail eggs must be incubated at 37.5°C and 55 or 65% of relative humidity and stored until 72 hours.

Efeito do gérmen integral de milho sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte

Two experiments were carried out with 1008 male Ag-Ross 508 broilers each. Experiment 1 was carried out from October 26th to November 1st, 2001 to evaluate the performance of broilers fed on increasing levels of corn germ meal (CGM) in the diets from 1 to 7 days of age. Experiment 2 was carried from January 24th to March 12th, 2002 to evaluate the performance and carcass yield from 8 to 47 days. The birds were allotted to a completely randomized design with four treatments (levels of CGM replacing corn in ration - 0%, 33%, 67% and 100%) and four replicates of 63 birds. The CGM was not a good ingredient for pre-starter phase. The recommended inclusion levels of CGM were 21.9% and 22.5% from 8 to 21 days and from 22 to 38 days, respectively. No restriction concerning the use of CGM for diets of broilers from 39 to 47 days of age is made.

Desempenho, balanço e retenção de nutrientes e biometria dos órgãos digestivos de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de proteína na ração pré-inicial

Two trials were carried out to evaluate performance, balance and retention of EE, DM and CP and biometrical measures of digestive organs of broiler chicks fed different dietary CP levels in the pre-starter period (1 - 7 d). In the first experiment, 560 one-day-old Avian Farms chicks were allotted to a complete randomized design with ten treatments, with a 5 x 2 (protein levels: 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26% x sex) factorial arrangement and four replicates of 14 birds each. In the second experiment, 1,860 one-day-old Ross chicks were assigned to 2.0 x 2.5 m experimental pens. This experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design, with five treatments (protein level - 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26%) and six replications of 62 birds each. In the first experiment, increasing dietary CP levels in the pre-starter period did not affect performance, but balance and retention of EE had linear and positive effects according to the treatments. No treatment effect on protein balance was observed, but protein retention showed linear and positive effect. No significant differences were observed for biometrical measures on 4th fday of experiment, but increasing CP levels improved the pancreas relative weight. In the experiment 2, it was possible to conclude that the higher protein levels are indicated for better results in performance.

Suplementação de glutamina em dietas elaboradas com ingredientes de origem vegetal e animal para pintos de corte

The effect of glutamine supplementation in diets formulated with animal by-products on the performance and integrity of the small intestine of broiler chicks up to 21 days of age was evaluated. The treatments were the combination of types of diets (only with ingredients from a vegetal source or vegetal plus animal source) and levels of glutamine (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0%). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme (kinds of diets x levels of glutamine), with five replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. No interaction between diets and glutamine supplementation and treatment effects on the performance traits were observed during the chick starter phase. There was a quadratic effect of glutamine on the crude protein digestibility coefficient. Birds supplemented with glutamine diets showed higher villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum. Broiler diets formulated with animal ingredients have no effect on chick performance during the initial phase, and glutamine supplementation improved the small intestine integrity.

Efeito da Granulometria do Milho e do Farelo de Soja sobre o Desempenho de Codornas Japonesas

To evaluate the use of rations with different corn and soybean meal eparticle size in productive performance, 384 Japanese quails in laying period with 13 weeks of age were allotted to laying cages. The traits consisted of different particle size of diets according to grinding size of corn (C) and soybean meal (SBM), with the use of sieve diameter of 1/8, 2/8 inches or 6 mm resulting in a GMD of 1420, 1161 and 1047 mm, respectively, and for soybean meal with no grinder passage and one time passage, resulting in a 1,181 and 700 mm of GMD. The completely randomized design was used, in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 (grinding levels of corn x grinding levels of soybean meal), four replications with 16 birds each. The particle size of soybean meal influenced the GMD of the experimental rations that ranged from 1737 to 1153 mm. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion (kg/kg) and feed:egg ratio and egg weight did not differ among the treatments. The use of different particle sizes of corn and soybean meal did not affect laying quails performance and its use depends on the processing costs.

Milheto-grão (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) como substituto do milho em rações para poedeiras comerciais

Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com milheto como substituto do milho em racoes de postura. Duzentas poedeiras comerciais, da linhagem LSL Lohmann branca, com 30 semanas de idade, receberam racoes com niveis crescentes de substituicao da energia metabolizavel fornecida pelo milho por milheto. As aves foram distribuidas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos, cinco repeticoes e 10 aves por repeticao. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de postura, o consumo de racao, a conversao alimentar em termos de duzias e de massa de ovos, o peso medio de ovos, a porcentagem de casca e de gema, e a porcentagem de clara. Nao se observou diferenca estatistica significativa em todas as caracteristicas. O indice de coloracao de gema, pelo leque colorimetrico Roche, apresentou pior coloracao a medida que os niveis de milheto foram crescentes nas racoes. Os resultados indicam que o milheto nao afetou o desempenho produtivo das aves, devendo-se recomendar o seu uso com pigmentantes sinteticos ou naturais.

Níveis de energia metabolizável em rações pré-iniciais para frangos de corte

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the dietary metabolizable energy levels for broilers in the pre-initial growth phase. A total of 280 Avian × Cobb one day old chicks was allotted to warm cages as a completely randomized design with five treatments (2,850, 2,950, 3,000, 3,050, and 3,150 kcal/kg of ME in the diet) and four replicates of 14 birds per experimental unit. Bird weight and diet and orts weights were measured at 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21days old and the performance characteristics determined (average weight gain, feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio) from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days. A digestibility assay was performed during the first week between the 4th and 7th days. The results showed that the evaluated ME levels influenced the performance of the birds from 1 to 21 days old, however, the lowest level of ME resulted in worst DM digestibility values. The lowest levels, 2,850 kcal ME/kg, provided better broiler performance, while the 3,115 kcal ME/kg provided better DM digestibility in corn-soybean based diets.