José Luiz Bezerra

Families of Dothideomycetes

Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers (bitunicate asci) and often with fissitunicate dehiscence. Many species are saprobes, with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens. They are also endophytes, epiphytes, fungicolous, lichenized, or lichenicolous fungi. They occur in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world. We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae, Bambusicolaceae, Biatriosporaceae, Lichenoconiaceae, Muyocopronaceae, Paranectriellaceae, Roussoellaceae, Salsugineaceae, Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper. Each family is provided with a description and notes, including asexual and asexual states, and if more than one genus is included, the type genus is also characterized. Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate, usually illustrating the type genus, a list of accepted genera, including asexual genera, and a key to these genera. A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders, including the novel orders, Dyfrolomycetales, Lichenoconiales, Lichenotheliales, Monoblastiales, Natipusillales, Phaeotrichales and Strigulales. The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light. It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Ate 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicacoes esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de especies. Com a publicacao do Catalogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilizacao da lista online, tem sido possivel agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versao ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de especies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. Sao citadas 5.719 especies de fungos distribuidas em 1.246 generos, 102 ordens e 13 divisoes, consistindo em consideravel aumento em relacao a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 generos e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 especies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 especies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 especies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 especies, respectivamente. A regiao Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 especies). Em relacao aos Estados da Federacao, Sao Paulo (1.846 especies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) sao os mais diversos.

New Annulohypoxylon species from Brazil

Four new Annulohypoxylon species are described from northeastern Brazil: A. austrobahiense, A. macrodiscum, A. hemicarpum and A. purpureopigmentum. A key is provided.

Foliar mycobiota of Coussapoa floccosa, a highly threatened tree of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

We studied the foliicolous mycobiota associated with Coussapoa floccosa. This is a tree belonging to the Cecropiaceae, endemic to the Brazilian tropical seasonal semideciduous montane forest. It is listed as an endangered species because of habitat destruction. Until now no fungus has been recorded in association with this plant species. This paper describes six foliicolous fungi associated with this plant that were collected during a survey of the mycobiota occurring in a locality where a small population of C. floccosa was discovered. All fungi described here are new to science, namely Dennisiella coussapoae, Mycosphaerella coussapoae, Pseudoallosoma nervisequens (which also represents a newly proposed genus), Pseudocercospora coussapoae, Pseudocercospora atrofuliginosa and Tripospermum acrobaticum. The high proportion of taxonomic novelties revealed in this study reflects the general lack of mycological information for forest ecosystems in Brazil and also indicates that vulnerable plant species such as C. floccosa may harbor unique mycobiota. Such mycobiota may depend on their nearly extinct hosts and consequently can be equally endangered with extinction and therefore also deserve consideration for in situ and ex situ conservation.

New records of Auriculariales, Hymenochaetales and Polyporales (Fungi: Agaricomycetes) for the Caatinga Biome

Macrofungi from exclusive Brazilian biome of semi-arid region are poorly known and more efforts are necessary to document the diversity and distribution of this group among all the different ecosystems of the Caatinga. Sixty one exsiccata kept at ALCB, CEPEC, HUVA and IPA herbaria were revised which corresponded to 36 species. Fourteen of these, Auricularia polytricha , Amauroderma partitum , A. sprucei , Dichomitus cavernulosus , Flabellophora parva , Flaviporus hydrophilus , Ganoderma resinaceum , Hexagonia papyracea , Perenniporia aurantiaca , Phellinus shaferi , Polyporus ianthinus , Rigidoporus lineatus , R. ulmarius , and Steccherinum reniforme , are first records for the Caatinga biome.

Severidade da podridão-verde em inhames e especialização fisiológica em Penicillium sclerotigenum

ABSTRACTSeverity of green rot in yellow and water yams and the physiological specialization of Penicillium sclerotigenum The degree of green rot severity was evaluated in two yam species, D. alata and D. cayennensis . The causal agentof this disease is the fungus Penicillium sclerotigenum, a highly virulent pathogen on D. cayennensis in the producingareas all over the world. In addition, by cross inoculation, an investigation was conducted on the occurrence of physiologicaladaptations of the fungus relative to its pathogenicity on these species of yams. To complement this study the mycelialgrowth of P. sclerotigenum was evaluated on three culture media, two based on extracts of the yam species examined andthe other one on potato ( Solanum tuberosum ). Dextrose and agar were added to all cultures. The results showed thatgreen rot was less severe on D. alata than on D. cayennensis . No physiological adaptation in relation to the pathogenicityof P. sclerotigenum to both yam species was found. Potato-dextrose-agar and

Suscetibilidade do cupuaçuzeiro e outras espécies vegetais a isolados de Crinipellis perniciosa obtidos de quatro hospedeiros diferentes no sul da Bahia

Cross inoculations were performed to evaluate the reaction of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum), cacao (Theobroma cacao), patashte (Theobroma bicolor) and jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum) to the inocula of Crinipellis perniciosa obtained from each of these host species. Basidiospores were obtained from basidiomata produced on dried brooms and/or diseased dried pods from each host collected in the south of Bahia. Inoculations were made by depositing a 20ml droplet of a 5 x 105 suspension of basidiospores of C. perniciosa on the terminal bud and on the hypocotile region (cupuassu) of each seedling. After inoculation the plants were kept in a moist chamber for 24 h under a temperature of 25 + 1 oC and at approximately 100% humidity. Symptoms were evaluated until 60 days after inoculation. The experimental design was completely randomized with 20 treatments and four replications of ten plants each. Cacao and patashte were susceptible to inocula obtained from all species used. Jurubeba was susceptible only to inoculum produced in its own species or in cacao. Cupuassu seedlings presented symptoms when inoculated with basidiospores produced from cupuassu, patashte and cacao. Inoculum obtained from cacao brooms was the most infective to all hosts.

Hemibeltrania urbanodendrii sp. nov. and Pseudobeltrania angamosensis: new fungal records from the brazilian tropical seasonal semi-deciduous montane forest

The new species Hemibeltrania urbanodendrii, associated to leaf-spots on Urbanodendron verrucosum (Lauracea) and Pseudobeltrania angamosensis, associated with leaf-spots on Virola gardneri (Myristicaceae), are recorded for the first time in Brazil. They represent additions to the mycobiota of the Tropical Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Montane Forest in Vicosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), a highly threatened ecosystem.

Etiologia do declínio de mangostanzeiros no sul da Bahia

O declinio do mangostanzeiro (Garcinia mangostana L.) no litoral sul do Estado da Bahia e hoje o principal problema da cultura, sendo caracterizado por sintomas de murcha, amarelecimento, seca e queda de folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar a evolucao da sintomatologia da doenca, isolar e identificar os potenciais patogenos causadores do declinio do mangostanzeiro. A doenca comeca com a necrose das radiculas, a qual atinge as raizes secundarias, primarias e progride ate a base do tronco que desenvolve lesoes necroticas extensas. Os sintomas secundarios sao clorose, murcha e queda das folhas. Das amostras de tecidos lesionados de plantas doentes levadas ao laboratorio, foram isolados e identificados os seguintes fungos: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia parva, Mycoleptodiscus sp., Rhizopus sp., Stilbella sp., Trichoderma spp. e Aspergillus sp. Apenas L. theobromae e L. parva foram patogenicas a fragmentos de raizes e caules de mangostanzeiros in vitro e a mudas de mangostanzeiros em casa de vegetacao, sendo o isolado da primeira especie o mais virulento. A taxonomia do genero Lasiodiplodia e algumas condicoes que influenciam no desenvolvimento da doenca no campo foram analisadas.

First report of Phyllachora serjaniicola causing tar-spot on Cardiospermum grandiflorum

A stromatic tar-spot fungus, found associated with Cardiospermum grandiflorum from the Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau (Buique PE), was collected and identified as Phyllachora serjaniicola. This represents the first report of this fungus on C. grandiflorum.