José Mauro Magalhães Ávila Paz Moreira

O custo social do desmatamento da Amazônia brasileira: o caso da castanha-do-brasil ( Bertholletia excelsa )

Este trabalho trata do desmatamento na Amazonia brasileira com enfase no custo social imposto a nacao pela reducao e perda da base florestal, em especial da castanha, um dos principais produtos nao madeireiros da floresta, no periodo de 1998 a 2008. Para medir os custos sociais do desmatamento que recaem sobre os produtores e consumidores de castanha-do-brasil, utilizou-se o conceito de excedente economico de Marshall. O custo social medio anual estimado foi da ordem de 11,6 milhoes de reais, recaindo, em media, 63 % desses custos sobre os produtores e 37 % sobre os consumidores. Portanto, todos perdem com os danos causados a base florestal e ao ecossistema da floresta tropical.

EVOLUÇÃO E CONCENTRAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE LENHA E CARVÃO VEGETAL DA SILVICULTURA NO BRASIL

The use of firewood and charcoal produced from forest plantations has presented growth trends in the Brazilian energy matrix. These renewable energy sources have been the focus of studies and public policies aimed at restructuring of production chains for the supply of demand. The aim of this study was to analyze market dynamics of firewood and charcoal of forestry in Brazil, considering the evolution of production and prices, the concentration of production and its geographical location in the municipalities and in Brazilian states. It was used as a base data, production and value of the production hall, obtained by the Brazilian Institute of geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Extraction Vegetal and Forestry Research (PEVS), considering the period between 2001 and 2011. The growth rate of production, Lorenz Curve, Gini index and the spatial distribution maps of production of firewood and charcoal in Brazil were the analysis tools used. The main results show a concentration of the production of firewood in the three states of southern Brazil and charcoal in Minas Gerais state. The rise in prices indicates that the demand is not being sufficiently supplied, especially in the states where the production is still incipient.