José Roberto de Magalhães Bastos

Severidade de cárie em crianças e relação com aspectos sociais e comportamentais

OBJECTIVE To identify social and behavioral conditions that could act as risk factors to the severity of dental caries in 12-year-old children. METHODS Based on the oral health survey data obtained in Florianópolis, Brazil, in 1995, social and behavior conditions were compared between two 12-year-old children groups with dental caries with different severity: high and very high severity, and very low severity. In the interview, there were questions about each family were part of the interview, besides social-economic conditions and behavior aspects. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for dental caries with high severity were candy intake and family income. Children who consumes cariogenic products 2 or 3 times a day on a daily basis has 4.41 more chance of having dental caries with high severity when compared to children who consumes these same products only once a day - CI (OR) = [1.18; 16.43] ). Family income was the most important socialeconomic factor. Children whose family income is lower than five minimum wages has 4.18 more chance of having high severity dental caries when compared to children whose family income is higher than five minimum wages - CI (OR) = [1.16; 15.03]. The purpose of this study was to have a a better knowledge of dental caries occurrence in 12-year-old children who, in most cases, have a complete permanent dentition that showed the illness history.OBJECTIVE: To identify social and behavioral conditions that could act as risk factors to the severity of dental caries in 12-year-old children. METHODS: Based on the oral health survey data obtained in Florianopolis, Brazil, in 1995, social and behavior conditions were compared between two 12-year-old children groups with dental caries with different severity: high and very high severity, and very low severity. In the interview, there were questions about each family were part of the interview, besides social-economic conditions and behavior aspects. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for dental caries with high severity were candy intake and family income. Children who consumes cariogenic products 2 or 3 times a day on a daily basis has 4.41 more chance of having dental caries with high severity when compared to children who consumes these same products only once a day ¾ CI (OR) = [1.18; 16.43] ). Family income was the most important socialeconomic factor. Children whose family income is lower than five minimum wages has 4.18 more chance of having high severity dental caries when compared to children whose family income is higher than five minimum wages ¾ CI (OR) = [1.16; 15.03]. The purpose of this study was to have a a better knowledge of dental caries occurrence in 12-year-old children who, in most cases, have a complete permanent dentition that showed the illness history.

Fingernails and Toenails as Biomarkers of Subchronic Exposure to Fluoride from Dentifrice in 2- to 3-Year-Old Children

This work evaluated the use of fingernails and toenails as biomarkers of subchronic exposure to fluoride (F) from fluoride dentifrice (FD) in 2- to 3-year-old children. Ten 2- to 3-year-old children used a placebo dentifrice (without F) for 28 days, FD (1,570 ppm F as monofluorophosphate) for the following 28 days, and then placebo dentifrice for an additional 28 days, then returned to their usual dentifrices. Fingernails and toenails were clipped every 2 weeks, during the experimental period and for an additional 22 weeks. Nail F was analyzed by electrode following hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. There were no significant differences between fingernail and toenail F concentrations. Mean peak F concentrations occurred 16 weeks after starting the use of FD. Results suggest that fingernails and toenails may be suitable biomarkers of subchronic exposure to F from FD in small children.

Análise do perfil profissional de cirurgiões-dentistas graduados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - USP entre os anos de 1996 e 2000

The aims of this study were to determine the professional profile of the 248 dentists graduated at Bauru Dental School - University of Sao Paulo between 1996 and 2000, verify if they accomplish educational and collective measures and determine the level of professional satisfaction. The material was a self-applicable questionnaire containing both multiple choice and open questions. The return rate was 39.5%. Analysis of data showed that the dentists, who were predominantly males, chose Dentistry as a profession because they felt comfortable with it, and evaluate the graduate course as good. Results showed that the practitioners still do not focus on the need of education and prevention in oral health, especially at the collective level. It was concluded that the predominant professional profile was to work at their dental office (38.8%) or at a peers dental office, receiving an amount of the total profile (25.5%); 26.5% work with health mutual support and 12.2% work at public service. Although 63.3% are professionally realized, only 12.2% are economically realized. The great difficult is the increase in the competition between dentists and saturation of the dental work market.

Polarização da cárie dentária em adolescentes, na região sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

In most Brazilian cities, oral health is still a challenge for the Brazilian Health System (SUS). The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dental caries (DMFT index), the differences with regard to gender and geographic localization, Significant Caries Index and the percentages of caries-free adolescents in Itai-SP - Brazil, in 2006. The methodology used was in agreement with the criteria established by the WHO. The sample was composed of 178 teen-agers, corresponding to 46% of the 12-years-old registered in the schools of the city. One single examiner performed the examination. The Kappa test method was used with an agreement rater of 0.95. The DMTF index was of 2.45, SiC of 5.08 and 30% of the adolescents were caries-free. It was observed that 70% of caries cases were concentrated in 34% of the adolescents. The data obtained showed a polarization of dental caries in 12-years-old adolescents, but this polarization was not uniform. The problems are concentrated in a small portion of the population.

Dental caries related to quality of life in two Brazilian adolescent groups: a cross‐sectional randomised study

OBJECTIVES To analyse dental caries-related quality of life (QoL) in adolescent (15-19-year-old) subjects in a suburban area (SA) and a downtown area (DA) of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2009. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, randomised study. The sample consisted of 185 and 147 adolescents from the SA and DA, respectively. The caries index used was that for decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (World Health Organization criteria). The 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess QoL. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, Spearmans correlation coefficient and chi-squared test were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The DMFT index, Significant Caries (SiC) Index and percentage of caries-free students were similar (P > .05) between these populations, but findings on the Care Index differed (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between the DMFT index and OHIP-14 score in SA subjects (mean DMFT index = 3.01) in the dimensions of physical pain (r = 0.25; P < 0.01) and psychological disability (r = 0.17; P = 0.02). The DMFT index in DA subjects (mean DMFT index = 2.95) showed a correlation with functional limitation (r = 0.19; P = 0.02). The correlation in SA subjects between the caries component (mean = 1.22) of the DMFT index and OHIP-14 was significant only for the physical pain dimension (r = 0.16; P = 0.03). In DA subjects, correlations between the caries component (mean = 0.37) and all dimensions of OHIP-14 were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS  Despite the similarities in means in the DMFT index, the SiC Index and the caries-free percentage of subjects in both localities, access to dental treatment proved to be less effective for SA adolescents. Physical pain and psychological disability were the most frequent negative manifestations of impact on QoL. The SA adolescents were more negatively affected by dental caries in terms of QoL.

Decline in dental caries among 12-year-old children in Brazil, 1980-2005

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine changes in values on the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in 12-year-old children in Brazil between 1980 and 2005, and to correlate DMFT values with human development index (HDI) values, time, population size of municipality and fluoridation of the water supply. METHODS The present study represents a retrospective ecological study using secondary data from epidemiological surveys published in indexed journals, as well as data obtained from epidemiological official surveys carried out in Brazil in 1986, 1996 and 2003, and in the State of São Paulo in 1998 and 2002. Units of study were represented by Brazilian municipalities holding average DMFT index values for 12-year-old children. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the correlations among DMFT and HDI values, and time, population size and fluoridation of the water supply. RESULTS The final database included 550 records of DMFT values in 428 different towns. Regression analysis showed statistically significant correlations between DMFT index values and time (P < 0.001), fluoridation of the water supply (P < 0.001) and size of municipality (P < 0.001). Estimated mean DMFT index values were 8.36 in 1980, 6.08 in 1985, 4.45 in 1990, 3.29 in 1995, 2.46 in 2000 and 1.86 in 2005. CONCLUSIONS Data showed a significant decrease in dental caries across the entire country, with an average reduction of 25% occurring every 5 years. General trends indicated that a reduction in DMFT index values occurred over time, that a further reduction in DMFT index values occurred when a municipality fluoridated its water supply, and mean DMFT index values were lower in larger than in smaller municipalities.

Cárie dentária em população ribeirinha do Estado de Rondônia, Região Amazônica, Brasil, 2005/2006

This study aimed to analyze dental caries patterns among riverine people from Rondonia State, Brazil (Machado and Preto rivers) in 2005 and 2006. A total of 469 subjects were examined, using the World Health Organization form, under natural light, using a wooden tongue depressor and CPI probe in cases of doubts about the presence of dental caries. The results were: 4-5-year age bracket, dmtf = 4.30 and 19.64% caries-free; 6-10 years, DMTF = 1.04, dmtf = 3.52 and 17.05% caries-free; 12 years, DMTF = 2.65 and 30.76% caries-free; 18 years, DMTF = 5.41 and 19.51% caries-free; 35-44 years, DMTF = 17.74 and 2.98% caries-free; 65-74 years, DMTF = 21.56 and 4.34% caries-free. When each component was analyzed separately in the dmtf and DMTF indices, decay was most prevalent in the 0-3, 4-5, 6-10, 12, and 18-year brackets. However, in young and older adults, the most prevalent component was missing teeth. In conclusion, the study population showed a high dental caries index, thus highlighting the need for educational, preventive, and curative measures.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados em adolescentes na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo (SP, Brasil)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the DMFT index, in 207 adolescents aged 12 years old, from 8 public and private schools of the central west area of Sao Paulo State. From a sample of 380 12 year-old adolescents, both genders, 207 were examined. We used the index DMFT, CBI for weight, measured of stature and applied a questionnaire about alimentary habits, characteristic anthropometrics and physical activity. Regarding body weight, 55.93% was normal, 35.59% had low weight, and 8.47% were pre-obese in private schools. In the public schools, 52.03% had normal weight, 41.22% had low weight, 4.73% were pre-obese and 2.03% were obese, without significant difference (p=0.45). The DMFT of public schools was 2.16, compared to 0.23 in private schools (p<0.05), with 39.2% of caries-free individuals in public schools and 88.1% in private schools. There was no correlation between the increase in BMI and the increase in DMFT. There was negative correlation between socioeconomic conditions and dental caries. It was concluded that, even though the pre-obese and obese groups presented a higher frequency of food ingestion, obesity was not correlated with the increase in dental caries. However, the socioeconomic conditions were determinant for this occurrence.

Dental caries profile in Monte Negro, Amazonian state of Rondônia, Brazil, in 2008

Objective This epidemiological survey assessed the dental caries profile in Monte Negro, a small town in the Amazonian state of Rondônia, Brazil, and its relationship with the northern region, national and global goals for oral health in the years 2000 and 2020. Material and Methods The groups randomly examined were composed of individuals aged 5, 12, 15 to 19, 35 to 44, 65 to 74 years, living in both rural and urban areas. Results The means dft (standard deviation) and DMFT (standard deviation) for the groups were, respectively, 3.15 (3.12), 3.41 (2.69), 5.96 (4.19), 16.00 (7.30) and 25.96 (9.82). Caries-free individuals were 34.42%, 14.81% and 8.16% in the preschoolchildren, schoolchildren and adolescent groups, respectively. The Significant Caries Index percentages applied to the two younger groups were 6.65 and 6.70, and they increased to 32.00 in the individuals aged 65 to 74 years. Care Index percentages for adolescents, adults and elderly groups were, respectively, 29.40, 25.00 and 1.41. The dental caries profile in Monte Negro in 2008 shows that, 8 years after the year 2000, no FDI/WHO goal for any age settled in 1982 has been achieved. Dental caries increased with age and the main dental problem of adult and elderly groups was tooth loss. Conclusion Oral health promotion and prevention of oral disease policies are urgent needs. Setting of oral health goals and targets to people living in Monte Negro or Amazonia to be pursuit and achieved in a near future is an important action to do because of the culture, sanitary conditions and socioeconomic aspects of this particular population.

Alterações auditivas em trabalhadores de indústrias madeireiras do interior de Rondônia

Occupational noise is considered a physical risk that is frequent in almost all industrial segments. That is why occupational safety and health professionals give it special attention. The present study investigated the presence of audiometric alterations in wood industry workers from the countryside of Rondonia, Brazil. Sixteen workers of three industries took part in the study. They were interviewed on their hearing capacities and went through audiologic examination by means of preliminary tonal audiometry and acustic impedance tests. All the participants were male, most of them under 25 years old. They reported not having finished elementary school. Half of the sample presented auditory complaints and mentioned use of hearing protectors. Audiometric tracings disclosed alterations in half of the sample.