José W. B. do Nascimento

Efeitos de diferentes sistemas de acondicionamento ambiente sobre o desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte

The principal objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental influence on the thermal comfort and productive indices, in poultry farm installations, covered with cement asbestos tiles using three diferent thermal air conditioning systems: artificial ventilation and water sprinkling over the roof, artificial ventilation and artificial ventilation and humidification. The poultry farm is located in the district of Sao Jose da Mata, in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraiba state, Brazil. The environmental evaluation was based on the relative humidity of the air, black globe temperature and humidity index, thermal radiation load, and humidity of the bed. The production indices were evaluated through the final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rate. In all systems the comfort indices varied during the day. Black globe temperature and humidity index presented above ideal values. Relative humidity and thermal radiation load indices were within the recommended thermal comfort zone. Artificial ventilation and humidification systems increased the humidity of the bed when compared to the other systems. The values of the poultry performance indices were within the ideal range considered for the broiler industry in the Northeast of Brazil.

Sistema fuzzy para predição do desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

Um sistema de inferencia fuzzy foi desenvolvido baseado em dados da literatura para predicao do consumo de racao, ganho de peso e conversao alimentar de frangos de corte com idade variando de 1 a 21, dias submetidos a diferentes condicoes termicas. O sistema fuzzy foi estruturado com base em tres variaveis de entrada: idade das aves (semanas), temperatura (°C) e umidade relativa (%) ambientes, sendo que as variaveis de saida consideradas foram: ganho de peso, consumo de racao e conversao alimentar. A inferencia foi realizada por meio do metodo de Mamdani, que consistiu na elaboracao de 45 regras e a defuzzificacao por meio do metodo do Centro de Gravidade. Com base nos resultados, ao se compararem os dados da literatura com os obtidos pelo sistema fuzzy proposto, verificou-se desempenho satisfatorio na predicao das variaveis respostas, com R² da ordem de 0,995; 0,998 e 0,976, respectivamente. O ganho de peso predito pela logica fuzzy foi validado com dados experimentais de campo, no qual se obteve R² = 0,975, apresentando grande potencial de uso em sistemas de climatizacao automatizado.

Bioclimatic and production parameters in different poultry houses in the semiarid region of Paraiba State

The aim of this work was to analyse the environmental effects on the productive performance of commercial broiler chickens, raised in two poultry houses located in the semiarid region of Paraiba during the summer months, with one of them covered by a ceramic roof and the other covered with a fibrous cement roof. There was no significant difference between the poultry houses (P > 0.05) for temperature and relative humidity of air, index of black globe temperature and humidity, thermal load of radiation and wind speed. Poultry houses provided during the times considered hotest during the day (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), average values considered above the comfort zone, causing an uncomfortable situation for the animals, but did not influence the productive performance. The water temperature in both poultry houses was higher than recommended, but also did not affect the productive performance. The sound level inside the poultry house did not cause discomfort to the birds or to the workers.

Qualidade do ovo de galinhas poedeiras criadas em galpões no semi-árido paraibano

The objective of this research was to evaluate production indexes for laying hens of the Lohamann lineage, under the summer and winter conditions of 2005, in Sao Jose da Mata district of Campina Grande, which is located in the Paraiban semi-arid region. 34.500 hens were used with ages of 32, 50, 60 and 71 weeks, and which were reared in four poultry houses. The production indexes (total production of eggs, egg weight, albumen weight, egg yolk weight, and rinds weight), geometric parameters (area and volume) and Haugh unit of egg were calculated as a function of hen age. The production indexes in all rearing systems followed the technical recommendations. The age of the hens influenced the indexes of total production, egg weight and also egg yolk weight. The highest production of eggs was obtained with the youngest birds. On the other hand, egg weight and the egg yolk weight were obtained with the oldest birds. The geometric parameters (volume and area) were not influenced by the age of the hens. According to Haugh unit index, the best evaluated hen eggs were the ones that were between 32 and 50 weeks.

Índíces de conforto térmico e concentração de gases em galpões avícolas no semiárido Paraibano

The aim of this research is to determine the thermal comfort index, the concentration of gases inside the poultry houses and their influence on the performance of commercial broiler chickens, located in the Paraibas semiarid region, in summer conditions. It was used two poultry houses, one of them covered with a ceramic roof and the other covered with fibrous cement roof. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the drinking water (Twater) and the chicken litter between the warehouses, but the values average of AT (from 08:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) and RH (from10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) can be considered outside the boundary of the comfort zone recommended for chicken broilers, but also the Twater was above the recommended limits, during the day, which is 24o C. None of the chicken broilers showed concentrations of gases that offer an unhealthy ambient to the birds and to the workers. Although the Twater and the index of thermal comfort are elevate during the hottest days, the production indices were within the established for the Brazilian poultry industry.

Respostas fisiológicas de caprinos nativos mantidos em temperatura termoneutra e em estresse térmico

The objective of this study was to determine the physiological response of two caprine races from the Brazilian semiarid, submitted to a controlled thermal conditions in a climatic chamber. Twelve male animals were used, 6 Canindes e 6 Moxotos, with mean weight of 19,6 ± 1,9 kg and 20,4 ± 1,6 kg distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme (2 x 4), two races and four temperature levels (20.6, 24.8, 27.8 and 31,6°C), with six repetitions, with mean relative air humidity of 60 ± 5% and wind speed of 0.5 m s-1. In the temperature between 20.6 and 27.8°C the mean respiratory frequency (25.7 mov min-1) and cardiac frequency (76.7 mov min-1) of the animals were within normality, however, at 31.6°C, occurred elevation to 134.5 and 104.3 mov min-1 for the respiratory and cardiac frequency, respectively. Rectal temperature was similar in all temperatures with average of 39.5°C, within the range of normality for the species. The superficial temperature raised with the increase of the environment temperature. The range of temperature between 20.6 and 27.8 °C can be considered within the thermal comfort zone for native Moxoto and Caninde caprines.

TRATAMENTO PRESERVATIVO DA MADEIRA JUVENIL DE Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. PELO MÉTODO DE SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE SEIVA

Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar a qualidade do tratamento preservativo da madeira juvenil de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. e verificar a influencia da inversao das pecas na solucao preservativa, na distribuicao, na penetracao e na retencao do CCB, ao longo das pecas tratadas pelo metodo de substituicao de seiva. Arvores de Eucalyptus camaldulensis foram coletadas na Zona Rural do Municipio de Rio Tinto - PB, de um povoamento com quatro anos. No povoamento foram escolhidas, aleatoriamente, cinco arvores, sendo tres de maior diâmetro. Para o tratamento da madeira, empregou-se o metodo de substituicao de seiva por transpiracao radial utilizando-se uma solucao de 2% de ingredientes ativos de borato de cobre cromatado (CCB) e comparou-se o efeito da inversao das pecas na solucao preservativa. A distribuicao, a penetracao e a retencao foram melhores nas pecas invertidas, quando comparadas aquelas nao-invertidas na solucao preservativa.

Study of the effects of acetylation treatments on sisal fiber.

The use of vegetable fibers in composites is highly viable regarding about the use of materials from renewable sources, the biodegradability and the socioeconomic advantages in the production of raw vegetable. The sisal fibers are highly hygroscopic and this is a main problem in the production of composites, inducing dimensional changes under moisture influence, deposition of the matrix products and degradation. The treatment of the acetylation was applied at different temperatures and reaction times, and the efficiency of treatments, considering the reduction of the hydrophilicity and maintenance of the mechanical properties, was evaluated by water sorption, mechanical properties and the infrared spectroscopy. With acetylation the fibers had weight reductions for water sorption up to 50% compared to untreated. The treatments for 3 h decreased the mechanical properties while the 120 °C for 1 h showed better physico-mechanical properties and increase of apolar groups.

Características tecnológicas da Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. e alternativas para o uso racional

This work was carried out with the objective of increasing the knowledge on the existing wild trees species in north-eastern Brazil. The main purpose was to determine the technological characteristics of the Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC and to indicate alternative use of its wood for agricultural constructions. The procedures adapted for the characterization of the species were in agreement with the Brazilian Norm 7190 of Brasilian Association of Technical Norms referring to the standard conditions moisture content of 12%. Tests of basic and apparent densities were carried out, moisture content and parallel fibers resistance to compression, traction and shear, were measured. The results were analyzed through the comparison of the values obtained with those found in literature for other kinds of wood. In agreement with the results, it was concluded that the Prosopis julifloras wood can be compared with other traditional kinds of wood used in Brazil.

Produção de ovos de matrizes pesadas criadas sob estresse térmico

The thermal comfort conditions inside the facilities directly affect the productivity of animals as it is the case of broiler breeders. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic indexes of three aviaries (G1, G2 and G3) of broiler breeders and the production indices of these three facilities that had lots of poultry of different ages, 35, 48 and 66 weeks, respectively, reared in the semiarid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, during the dry season. In the hottest hours of day, the bioclimatic indexes were high, causing a situation of thermal discomfort for the animals, influencing the productive performance of the poultry. The sound pressure level was within the Brazilian standards. The age of the birds affected the total egg production and the highest productions obtained with younger birds, being 74.83, 76.86 and 52.78%, in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, while hatchability was similar in all lots (on average 95.68%).