Dermeval A. Furtado

Efeito do ambiente térmico e níveis de suplementação nos parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos Moxotó

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar o efeito do ambiente termico e de diferentes niveis de suplementacao sobre os parâmetros fisiologicos de caprinos Moxoto, criados em confinamento no semi-arido nordestino. Utilizaram-se 16 animais machos, que receberam duas dietas compostas de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica), feno de manicoba (Manihot glaziowii) e dois niveis de suplementacao (0,5 e 1,5% do peso vivo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em regime de subparcelas, com 2 tratamentos e 8 repeticoes. No interior do aprisco os indices de conforto ambiental ficaram elevados a partir das 11 h e, no periodo da tarde, esses indices ficaram acima do ideal para os animais, ou seja, fora da zona de conforto termico, porem, os caprinos da raca Moxoto conseguiram manter a temperatura retal dentro dos limites normais; entretanto, com aumento dos batimentos cardiacos. Ocorreu aumento da frequencia respiratoria como uma forma de dissipacao de calor para manter a homeotermia. Uma percentagem maior de suplementacao provocou aumento da temperatura retal.

Efeitos de diferentes sistemas de acondicionamento ambiente sobre o desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte

The principal objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental influence on the thermal comfort and productive indices, in poultry farm installations, covered with cement asbestos tiles using three diferent thermal air conditioning systems: artificial ventilation and water sprinkling over the roof, artificial ventilation and artificial ventilation and humidification. The poultry farm is located in the district of Sao Jose da Mata, in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraiba state, Brazil. The environmental evaluation was based on the relative humidity of the air, black globe temperature and humidity index, thermal radiation load, and humidity of the bed. The production indices were evaluated through the final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rate. In all systems the comfort indices varied during the day. Black globe temperature and humidity index presented above ideal values. Relative humidity and thermal radiation load indices were within the recommended thermal comfort zone. Artificial ventilation and humidification systems increased the humidity of the bed when compared to the other systems. The values of the poultry performance indices were within the ideal range considered for the broiler industry in the Northeast of Brazil.

Bioclimatic and production parameters in different poultry houses in the semiarid region of Paraiba State

The aim of this work was to analyse the environmental effects on the productive performance of commercial broiler chickens, raised in two poultry houses located in the semiarid region of Paraiba during the summer months, with one of them covered by a ceramic roof and the other covered with a fibrous cement roof. There was no significant difference between the poultry houses (P > 0.05) for temperature and relative humidity of air, index of black globe temperature and humidity, thermal load of radiation and wind speed. Poultry houses provided during the times considered hotest during the day (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), average values considered above the comfort zone, causing an uncomfortable situation for the animals, but did not influence the productive performance. The water temperature in both poultry houses was higher than recommended, but also did not affect the productive performance. The sound level inside the poultry house did not cause discomfort to the birds or to the workers.

Qualidade do ovo de galinhas poedeiras criadas em galpões no semi-árido paraibano

The objective of this research was to evaluate production indexes for laying hens of the Lohamann lineage, under the summer and winter conditions of 2005, in Sao Jose da Mata district of Campina Grande, which is located in the Paraiban semi-arid region. 34.500 hens were used with ages of 32, 50, 60 and 71 weeks, and which were reared in four poultry houses. The production indexes (total production of eggs, egg weight, albumen weight, egg yolk weight, and rinds weight), geometric parameters (area and volume) and Haugh unit of egg were calculated as a function of hen age. The production indexes in all rearing systems followed the technical recommendations. The age of the hens influenced the indexes of total production, egg weight and also egg yolk weight. The highest production of eggs was obtained with the youngest birds. On the other hand, egg weight and the egg yolk weight were obtained with the oldest birds. The geometric parameters (volume and area) were not influenced by the age of the hens. According to Haugh unit index, the best evaluated hen eggs were the ones that were between 32 and 50 weeks.

Índíces de conforto térmico e concentração de gases em galpões avícolas no semiárido Paraibano

The aim of this research is to determine the thermal comfort index, the concentration of gases inside the poultry houses and their influence on the performance of commercial broiler chickens, located in the Paraibas semiarid region, in summer conditions. It was used two poultry houses, one of them covered with a ceramic roof and the other covered with fibrous cement roof. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the drinking water (Twater) and the chicken litter between the warehouses, but the values average of AT (from 08:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) and RH (from10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) can be considered outside the boundary of the comfort zone recommended for chicken broilers, but also the Twater was above the recommended limits, during the day, which is 24o C. None of the chicken broilers showed concentrations of gases that offer an unhealthy ambient to the birds and to the workers. Although the Twater and the index of thermal comfort are elevate during the hottest days, the production indices were within the established for the Brazilian poultry industry.

Respostas fisiológicas de caprinos nativos mantidos em temperatura termoneutra e em estresse térmico

The objective of this study was to determine the physiological response of two caprine races from the Brazilian semiarid, submitted to a controlled thermal conditions in a climatic chamber. Twelve male animals were used, 6 Canindes e 6 Moxotos, with mean weight of 19,6 ± 1,9 kg and 20,4 ± 1,6 kg distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme (2 x 4), two races and four temperature levels (20.6, 24.8, 27.8 and 31,6°C), with six repetitions, with mean relative air humidity of 60 ± 5% and wind speed of 0.5 m s-1. In the temperature between 20.6 and 27.8°C the mean respiratory frequency (25.7 mov min-1) and cardiac frequency (76.7 mov min-1) of the animals were within normality, however, at 31.6°C, occurred elevation to 134.5 and 104.3 mov min-1 for the respiratory and cardiac frequency, respectively. Rectal temperature was similar in all temperatures with average of 39.5°C, within the range of normality for the species. The superficial temperature raised with the increase of the environment temperature. The range of temperature between 20.6 and 27.8 °C can be considered within the thermal comfort zone for native Moxoto and Caninde caprines.

Efeito do tempo de jejum pós-eclosão, valores energéticos e inclusão do ovo desidratado em dietas pré-iniciais e iniciais de pintos de corte

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of the dried egg (DEGG), and the effect of the post-starvation hatching time (PSHT) and the inclusion of dried egg powder in the diet of broiler chicks. In experiment 1, 120 male Ross-308 broiler chicks were housed according to a completely randomized design into three treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. Excreta collection was daily performed from 24 to 29 days of age in the morning and afternoon. In experiment 2, a sex-mixed batch of 810 Cobb-500 chicks was used. Initial weight was 33.41 ± 0.53 g, and the chicks were housed in pens measuring 1.0 × 1.5 m. A completely randomized experimental design was used with nine treatments and six repetitions of 15 birds each, according to a 3 × 3 factorial of three DEGG levels (0, 2 and 4%) and three PSHT (28, 40 and 52 hours), corresponding to: 0, 12 and 24 hours of starvation after housing, respectively. DEGG showed 51.54% of CP and 4,278 kcal AMEn/kg. From 1 to 7 days of age, the birds submitted to starvation for 40 and 52 hours showed lower live weight, weight gain and feed intake when compared to birds fed sooner (at 28 hours PSHT). The poorest performance was shown by birds fasted for 52 hours (24 hours of starvation after being housed). DEGG levels of 4% in the pre-initial diet improved the live weight in the second and third days of age. In conclusion, DEGG might be used from 1 to 21 days of age in broiler diets without impairing the bird performance.

Influência de fatores bioclimáticos nos índices produtivos e fisiológicos de caprinos nativos confinados

The objective of this work was to determine the thermal comfort indexes and their effects on physiological parameters of native goats raised in confinement in the Cariri region of Paraiba state. In this study 36 non-castrated male animals, were used, 12 per genetic group, which were Moxoto, Azul and Grauna, with an average weight of 16.6 ± 1.7 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design in 3 x 5 factorial arrangement (three breeds and five observation times). The studied environmental data were collected by an electronic data acquisition model CR1000. To evaluate the physiological parameters rectal temperature, respiratory frequency and surface temperature were measured three days a week from 6 a.m to 6 p.m with an interval of three hours. Environmental parameters increased from 12 h to reach critical values at 3 p.m, characterizing a situation of thermal discomfort. The animals could maintain a rectal temperature within normal limits, but with increasing respiratory frequency. The superficial temperature did not very among races. The animals of breed Grauna presented higher daily weight gain during the experimental period in comparison to other breeds.

Quantitative characteristics of the carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats fed diets with two different energy levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of Moxoto and Caninde goats finished in feedlots and fed diets of two levels of energy. It was used 40 castrated young goats, 20 from Moxoto breed and 20 from Caninde breed, each one with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were fed with diets containing 2.20 and 2.71 (Mcal/kg DM). The experimental period lasted 86 days. There was no difference among the barometric measures of Moxoto and Caninde kids. Caninde goats showed higher final weight, higher weight after fasting and higher hot and cold carcass weights when compared to the Moxoto animals. Animals that consumed diets with higher energy level had higher final weight and conformation as well as higher carcass yield. Considering the percentage values of the commercial meat cuts, no difference among treatments was observed. The diet was the factor that most influenced the non-constituent components of the carcass of Moxoto and Caninde goats. In general, animals belonging to the Caninde breed presented higher quantitative characteristics than the Moxoto breed. Supply of diets with higher energetic level (2.71 Mcal/kg DM) for goats from Moxoto and Caninde breeds, in feedlots, favors the production of carcass with higher yields and heavier commercial meat cuts.

Produção de ovos de matrizes pesadas criadas sob estresse térmico

The thermal comfort conditions inside the facilities directly affect the productivity of animals as it is the case of broiler breeders. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic indexes of three aviaries (G1, G2 and G3) of broiler breeders and the production indices of these three facilities that had lots of poultry of different ages, 35, 48 and 66 weeks, respectively, reared in the semiarid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, during the dry season. In the hottest hours of day, the bioclimatic indexes were high, causing a situation of thermal discomfort for the animals, influencing the productive performance of the poultry. The sound pressure level was within the Brazilian standards. The age of the birds affected the total egg production and the highest productions obtained with younger birds, being 74.83, 76.86 and 52.78%, in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, while hatchability was similar in all lots (on average 95.68%).