Josué Francisco da Silva Júnior

Crescimento inicial de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) em diferentes meios de germinação in vitro

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as condicoes mais favoraveis para a germinacao in vitro de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de mangabeira. Apos assepsia, sementes oriundas de frutos maduros foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1-15 mL de meio de cultura MS; T2-15 mL de meio de cultura MS + 2,0 g L-1 de carvao ativado; T3-15 mL de meio de cultura ½ MS; e T4-15 mL de meio de cultura ½ MS + 2,0 g L-1 de carvao ativado. Todos os meios de cultura foram gelificados com 0,3 g L-1 de Phytagel® e suplementados com 3,0 g L-1 de sacarose. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repeticoes, sendo cada parcela experimental composta de dez tubos de ensaio contendo uma semente cada. Nao houve diferenca significativa dos tratamentos para a porcentagem de germinacao aos 20 dias, que variou de 95 a 100%. Quanto ao comprimento da raiz principal, observou-se que o meio de cultura constituido de ½ MS com 2,0 g L-1 de carvao ativado proporcionou maior crescimento quando comparado com os demais tratamentos. Aos 50 dias, nao foi observada a formacao de plântulas anormais e nem diferencas significativas do comprimento da parte aerea das plântulas. Entretanto, a diluicao em 50% dos sais do meio MS associada a presenca de carvao ativado induziu maior crescimento da raiz principal (8,50 cm) quando comparado com meio MS, na presenca (6,19 cm) ou ausencia (6,00 cm) de carvao ativado.

Comportamento da pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L) sob irrigação na região do vale do Rio Moxotó, Pernambuco

Surinam cherry crop is growing fastly in the Northeast region of Brazil due to its fruit uses by the industry in processing juice and pulp. However, one of the main problems of this crop is the lack of an apropriated cultivar adapted to such climate environments and irrigated conditions. This work was carried out aiming to study the performance of ten among 85 Surinam cherry accesses of IPAs germplasm collection cultivated under drip irrigation at the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State. The following characteristics were evaluated: growth, yield and fruit quality of plants originated from seedlings as well as from grafting. Surinam cherry trees have shown good adaptability to such environmental conditions, both in respect to plant growth characteristics as well as to yield and fruit quality. Accesses have shown great variability in relation to physical-chemical characteristics of fruits. Two promising materials were identified ¯ IPA-13.2 and IPA-1.1E, with better yielding and fruit quality characteristics.

Collecting, ex situ conservation and characterization of “cajá-umbu” (Spondias mombin×Spondias tuberosa) germplasm in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Abstract“Cajá-umbu” (Spondias mombin×Spondias tuberosa) is a native tropical Brazilian fruit tree with a great agro industrial potential. However the existing in situ and ex situ germplasm of this species is extremely restricted and vulnerable. This work aimed to collect, maintain characterize and evaluate 36 accesses of “Cajá-umbu” Germplasm Collection owned by Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA) located in the Northern Coastal Rain Forest region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Plant growth, yield and fruit quality descriptors were evaluated, and data have shown variations on plant height, canopy and stem diameters, production and fruit weight. “Cajá-umbu” had shown good adaptation to both climate and soil conditions of Northern Coastal Rain Forest region, in Pernambuco, with some genotypes such, as IPA-8.3, IPA-6.2, IPA-8.2, IPA-1.3 and IPA-5.3 showing outstanding yield characteristics.

Gestão coletiva de bens comuns no extrativismo da mangaba no nordeste do Brasil

O artigo analisa a gestao coletiva de bens comuns no extrativismo da mangaba destacando o acesso aos recursos, os arranjos institucionais e os conflitos sociais entre os atores envolvidos. A pesquisa foi realizada no Nordeste do Brasil a partir de observacoes, entrevistas e dados secundarios. O trabalho mostra a existencia de remanescentes de mangabeiras bem conservados a partir da gestao coletiva.

Sealing and explant types on the mangaba micropropagation

In micropropagation, especially for mangaba tree botanical variety of Northeastern Brazil, limiting aspects such as ethylene accumulation in the cultivation flask and loss of vigor in subcultures have been observed. This study was aimed at assessing the technical and scientific knowledge of the in vitro propagation of botanical mangaba tree variety and at improving the micropropagation protocol, establishing the in vitro cultivation time, the best type of flask sealing and explant at different micropropagation stages. For the establishment phase and for the first and second subcultures, the MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.6% agar, supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IAA and 1 mg L-1 BA was used. Evaluations were performed at 30, 50 and 65 days of in vitro cultivation. The best types of flask sealing for the establishment phase were the PVC film and Para-film® and for the first subculture the Para-film® seal. In the second subculture the PVC film and Para-film® seals promoted the best growth. The median and basal nodal segments presented the best performance in the first subculture. No significant effect of explant type was observed in the second subculture. The ideal subculture interval in the establishment phase and the first and second subcultures is 50 days.

Atores, canais de comercialização e consumo da mangaba no nordeste brasileiro

The aim of this article is to analyse the processes which begins from raw material extraction to the consumption of mangaba, emphazising different actors, their relationships, marketing channels, and consumption characteristics. The research was carried out in the Northeast of Brazil (Brazilian states of Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe and Pernambuco) using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main results indicated weak domestication of mangaba trees to attend to an increasing market demand, and threats to extractivism by external factors.

Propagação de genótipos de Pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) pelo método de enxertia de garfagem no topo em fenda cheia

In a trial carried out at Itambe Experimental Station ¾ IPA, Pernambuco State, Brazil, ten Surinam cherry genotypes were cleft grafted on nine months old rootstocks in order to evaluate their grafting ability: IPA-1.1; IPA-1.3; IPA-2.2; IPA-3.1; IPA-3.2; IPA-4.3; IPA-7.3; IPA-11.3; IPA- 14.3 and IPA-15.1. Genotypes behaved differently in its grafting ability, in which the majority of them has shown good relationship between rootstock x grafts. Grafting percentages ranged from 81.5% to 53.5% for the highest uptaking ( IPA-7.3, IPA-2.2, IPA-11.3, IPA-4.3, IPA-3.1, IPA14.3, IPA-15.1 and IPA-3.2, respectively) and 20.0% to 38.5% for the lowest ones (IPA-1.1 and IPA-1.3, respectively).

Effect of sucrose and sorbitol in the in vitro conservation of mangaba tree nodal segments

The mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a specie whose natural occurrence has suffered great human pressure and this is causing genetic erosion in many populations like in the Northeast Brazil. The use of techniques of plant tissue culture for conservation of plant genetic resources presents several advantages over germplasm conservation in the field decreasing cost for the maintenance of collections and decreasing sanitary risk and weather problems. The development of methods conservation of genetic resources still available it is essential. This work aimed at improving technical and scientific in vitro conservation by slow growth of mangaba tree. To evaluate the effect of sucrose and sorbitol nodal segments were inoculated in test tubes with 25 mL of MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 of indol acetic acid and 1 mg L-1 of benzylaminopurine and different sorbitol concentrations (10; 20 and 40 g L-1). They were combined with 0 and 15 g L-1 of sucrose. In the recovery stage of the growth explants conserved in vitro for 120 days, in the previous experiment were inoculated on MS medium and the viability of crops evaluated at 30 and 60 days. It is feasible to maintain nodal segments in the absence of sucrose in the presence of 10 or 20 g L-1 of sorbitol tree. Explants maintained in the presence of 10 g L-1 of sorbitol and in the sucrose absence at conservation phase present higher viability in the growth recovery.

Curso diário das perdas de vapor d'água, da temperatura e do potencial da água da folha em germoplasma de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)

ABSTRACT – (Daily course of water vapour exchange, leaf temperature and water potential on starfruit ( Averrhoacarambola L.) germplasm). This work aimed to evaluate daily course of water vapour exchange, leaf temperatureand water potential of the starfruit on fruit production phenophase. The research was carried out under field condi-tions, using two starfruit genotypes (IPA-1.3 and IPA-25.1) and three evaluation times (7, 12 and 17 hours). Thevariables analysed were leaf temperature, diffusive resistance, transpiration, leaf water potential, air temperature,relative humidity of air and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). Both genotypes did not restrict water vapourexchanges on the warmer hours. IPA-25.1 was more sensible to low luminosity than IPA-3.1. There was genotipicvariability between accessions, mainly in relation to leaf water potential. Key words – Transpiration, diffusive resistance, tropical fruit crops 1 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Depto. Biologia; Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, DoisIrmaos - Recife - PE; CEP 52171-900. e-mail: rmansur@hotlink.com.br.

O sapotizeiro no Brasil

O sapotizeiro e uma especie frutifera com grande potencial para exploracao economica no Brasil, possuindo sistemas de producao definidos que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento do seu cultivo. As pesquisas tem sido conduzidas com maior frequencia na Regiao Nordeste, onde tambem se encontram as principais areas produtoras. O presente trabalho consiste em uma coletânea atualizada sobre a cultura do sapoti no pais, contendo informacoes baseadas em trabalhos de pesquisa de instituicoes brasileiras e estrangeiras, bem como em observacoes nas regioes produtoras. As informacoes abrangem a cadeia produtiva do sapoti, envolvendo desde um breve historico ate a comercializacao, destacando-se temas como o manejo agronomico, recursos geneticos e melhoramento, colheita e pos-colheita.