Ildo Eliezer Lederman

Caracterização física e físico-química de frutos de cajá-umbu (Spondias spp.)

This work had as objective the physical and physico-chemical characterization of fruits of caja-umbu (Spondias spp.) genotypes cultivated under climatic conditions of the Zone of Forest of Pernambuco, aiming at identifying promising materials for commercial use and for works of genetic improvement. Fruits of caja-umbu from a collection of germ-plasm installed at experimental Station of Itambe-Pe were submitted to the following determinations: fruit and seed weight (FW and SW), pulp yield (PY), relation between longitudinal and transversal diameter (LD/TD), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA) and the relation TSS/TTA. it was evidenced that the weight of the fruits and the seeds had presented significant variation without, however, presenting difference in the RP and relation Ld/td of the fruits. the pH, TSS, TTA and TSS/TTA for the fruits from the genotypes showed significant differences.

Comportamento da pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L) sob irrigação na região do vale do Rio Moxotó, Pernambuco

Surinam cherry crop is growing fastly in the Northeast region of Brazil due to its fruit uses by the industry in processing juice and pulp. However, one of the main problems of this crop is the lack of an apropriated cultivar adapted to such climate environments and irrigated conditions. This work was carried out aiming to study the performance of ten among 85 Surinam cherry accesses of IPAs germplasm collection cultivated under drip irrigation at the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State. The following characteristics were evaluated: growth, yield and fruit quality of plants originated from seedlings as well as from grafting. Surinam cherry trees have shown good adaptability to such environmental conditions, both in respect to plant growth characteristics as well as to yield and fruit quality. Accesses have shown great variability in relation to physical-chemical characteristics of fruits. Two promising materials were identified ¯ IPA-13.2 and IPA-1.1E, with better yielding and fruit quality characteristics.

Collecting, ex situ conservation and characterization of “cajá-umbu” (Spondias mombin×Spondias tuberosa) germplasm in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Abstract“Cajá-umbu” (Spondias mombin×Spondias tuberosa) is a native tropical Brazilian fruit tree with a great agro industrial potential. However the existing in situ and ex situ germplasm of this species is extremely restricted and vulnerable. This work aimed to collect, maintain characterize and evaluate 36 accesses of “Cajá-umbu” Germplasm Collection owned by Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA) located in the Northern Coastal Rain Forest region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Plant growth, yield and fruit quality descriptors were evaluated, and data have shown variations on plant height, canopy and stem diameters, production and fruit weight. “Cajá-umbu” had shown good adaptation to both climate and soil conditions of Northern Coastal Rain Forest region, in Pernambuco, with some genotypes such, as IPA-8.3, IPA-6.2, IPA-8.2, IPA-1.3 and IPA-5.3 showing outstanding yield characteristics.

Diversity and genetic structure in natural populations of Hancornia speciosa var. speciosa Gomes in northeastern Brazil

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit tree native from Brazil that belongs to Apocinaceae family, and is popularly known as Mangabeira. Its fruits are widely consumed raw or processed as fruit jam, juices and ice creams, which have made it a target of intense exploitation. The extractive activities and intense human activity on the environment of natural occurrence of H. speciosa has caused genetic erosion in the species and little is known about the ecology or genetic structure of natural populations. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa var. speciosa. The genetic variability was assessed using 11 allozyme loci with a sample of 164 individuals distributed in six natural populations located in the States of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity within the species (e= 0.36) seeing that the most of the genetic variability of H. speciosa var. speciosa is within its natural populations with low difference among populations ( = 0.081). The inbreeding values within ( = -0.555) and among populations ( =-0.428) were low showing lacking of endogamy and a surplus of heterozygotes. The estimated gene flow ( m ) was high, ranging from 2.20 to 13.18, indicating to be enough to prevent the effects of genetic drift and genetic differentiation among populations. The multivariate analyses indicated that there is a relationship between genetic and geographical distances, which was confirmed by a spatial pattern analysis using Mantel test (r = 0.3598; p = 0.0920) with 1000 random permutations. The high genetic diversity index in these populations indicates potential for in situ genetic conservation.

Propagação de genótipos de Pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) pelo método de enxertia de garfagem no topo em fenda cheia

In a trial carried out at Itambe Experimental Station ¾ IPA, Pernambuco State, Brazil, ten Surinam cherry genotypes were cleft grafted on nine months old rootstocks in order to evaluate their grafting ability: IPA-1.1; IPA-1.3; IPA-2.2; IPA-3.1; IPA-3.2; IPA-4.3; IPA-7.3; IPA-11.3; IPA- 14.3 and IPA-15.1. Genotypes behaved differently in its grafting ability, in which the majority of them has shown good relationship between rootstock x grafts. Grafting percentages ranged from 81.5% to 53.5% for the highest uptaking ( IPA-7.3, IPA-2.2, IPA-11.3, IPA-4.3, IPA-3.1, IPA14.3, IPA-15.1 and IPA-3.2, respectively) and 20.0% to 38.5% for the lowest ones (IPA-1.1 and IPA-1.3, respectively).

Physical and production characteristics of acerola fruit from active germplasm bank in Pernambuco

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and production characteristics of fruits from twelve acerola genotypes cultivated at the Active Germplasm Bank in Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The average weight and size of fruits from the Winter/1999, Summer/2000 and Summer/2001 seasons as well as plant yield and average number of fruits/genotype were assessed. Results from the joint analysis of all harvests presented average variation on fruit weight of 3.88 to 7.11g; fruit height of 1.74 to 2.07cm and fruit diameter of 1.94 to 2.46cm. The annual production variation of 12 genotypes during 1999 was of 3.23 to 10.31 Kg of fruit/plant; meanwhile during 2000 this variation was of 6.73 to.44.70 Kg of fruit/plant. In 1999 and 2000, approximately, 50% of the annual production occurred in October, November and December. The genotypes 012-CPA, 013-CPA and 014-CPA are potentially promising because they were considered the most productive and showed the physical characteristics (weight and diameter) demanded by transformation industry.

Curso diário das perdas de vapor d'água, da temperatura e do potencial da água da folha em germoplasma de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)

ABSTRACT – (Daily course of water vapour exchange, leaf temperature and water potential on starfruit ( Averrhoacarambola L.) germplasm). This work aimed to evaluate daily course of water vapour exchange, leaf temperatureand water potential of the starfruit on fruit production phenophase. The research was carried out under field condi-tions, using two starfruit genotypes (IPA-1.3 and IPA-25.1) and three evaluation times (7, 12 and 17 hours). Thevariables analysed were leaf temperature, diffusive resistance, transpiration, leaf water potential, air temperature,relative humidity of air and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). Both genotypes did not restrict water vapourexchanges on the warmer hours. IPA-25.1 was more sensible to low luminosity than IPA-3.1. There was genotipicvariability between accessions, mainly in relation to leaf water potential. Key words – Transpiration, diffusive resistance, tropical fruit crops 1 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Depto. Biologia; Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, DoisIrmaos - Recife - PE; CEP 52171-900. e-mail: rmansur@hotlink.com.br.

O sapotizeiro no Brasil

O sapotizeiro e uma especie frutifera com grande potencial para exploracao economica no Brasil, possuindo sistemas de producao definidos que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento do seu cultivo. As pesquisas tem sido conduzidas com maior frequencia na Regiao Nordeste, onde tambem se encontram as principais areas produtoras. O presente trabalho consiste em uma coletânea atualizada sobre a cultura do sapoti no pais, contendo informacoes baseadas em trabalhos de pesquisa de instituicoes brasileiras e estrangeiras, bem como em observacoes nas regioes produtoras. As informacoes abrangem a cadeia produtiva do sapoti, envolvendo desde um breve historico ate a comercializacao, destacando-se temas como o manejo agronomico, recursos geneticos e melhoramento, colheita e pos-colheita.

Compostos antioxidantes em frutos de acessos de caramboleira em diferentes ambientes de Pernambuco

The star fruit pulp contains chemical compounds with antioxidant properties important to human health, against cellular aging and disease prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the fruit of Averrhoa carambola accessions regarding the concentrations of antioxidant compounds. It was analyzed the concentrations of ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, flavonoils, total phenolics and tannins in five star fruit accessions, grown in different edaphoclimatic conditions of the state of Pernambuco. The star fruit accessions differed significantly among themselves regarding the concentrations of ascorbic acid, total phenolics and tannins. The significance for the environment effects confirmed that the cultivation sites are heterogeneous in relation to the productive potential of fruits with different average concentrations of ascorbic acid, flavonoils, phenolic compounds and tannins. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments indicates that star fruit selections exhibit differential responses to ascorbic acid, flavonoils, total phenolics and tannins, when grown in different sites. The experimental Station IPA Itambes cultivation conditions and IPA-7.2, IPA-22.3 accessions showed the highest concentrations of ascorbic acid, total phenolics and tannins.

Variabilidade entre genótipos de um banco de germoplasma de cajá-umbuzeiro (Spondias spp.) na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - DOI: 10.5039/agraria.v3i2a144

O caja-umbuzeiro e uma arvore frutifera de ocorrencia espontânea no semi-arido nordestino; seus frutos sao explorados apenas de forma extrativista. Utilizado quase que exclusivamente para o consumo in natura , apesar da ampla perspectiva de industrializacao da polpa, a selecao de genotipos superiores depende da existencia de variabilidade para as caracteristicas agronomicas e tambem, de interesse agroindustrial. O objetivo com este trabalho foi estimar coeficientes de similaridade genetica entre genotipos de caja-umbuzeiro, atraves da tecnica de eletroforese, analisando-se as isoenzimas esterase (EST), alcool desidrogenase (ADH), fosfatase acida (ACP) e peroxidase (POX), extraidas de folhas jovens de 33 genotipos. O sistema EST apresentou maior polimorfismo isoenzimatico, permitindo agrupar os genotipos em dois grupos principais, sendo um formado apenas pelo genotipo 6 e o outro grupo pelos demais genotipos. Os coeficientes calculados indicam alta similaridade genetica para a maioria dos materiais estudados. As combinacoes genotipicas 2 x 6; 6 x 20; 6 x 24 e 6 x 33 apresentaram os menores coeficientes de similaridade genetica.