Juan Sebastián Pereyra

A dynamic school choice model

This paper inspires from a real-life assignment problem faced by the Mexican Ministry of Public Education. We introduce a dynamic school choice problem that consists in assigning positions to overlapping generations of teachers. From one period to another, teachers can either retain their current positions or choose a preferred one. In this framework, a solution concept that conciliates the fairness criteria with the individual rationality condition is introduced. It is then proved that a solution always exists and that it can be reached by a modified version of the deferred acceptance algorithm of Gale and Shapley. We also show that the mechanism is dynamically strategy-proof, and respects improvements whenever the set of orders is lexicographic by tenure.

Evaluating the Contribution of Tourism on Economic Growth

In a recent work, Ivanov and Webster (2007) present a methodology for measuring the contribution of tourism to economic growth and apply this methodology to the cases of Cyprus, Greece and Spain. The method uses the growth of real GDP per capita as a measure of economic growth and disaggregates it into economic growth generated by tourism and economic growth generated by other industries. Our paper selects a group of Latin-Americans countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Mexico. This allows us to establish a first comparison based on geographical parameters (European countries vs. Latin American countries). Whilst Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay present a profile where tourism industry has a smaller weight on GDP (2,5%; 1,5%; 1,6%, respectively) in Mexico the tourism contribution to GDP is about 4,8%.

A nonlinear approach to the tourism-led growth hypothesis: the case of the MERCOSUR

This paper analyses the tourism-led growth hypothesis for the four countries of the MERCOSUR regional trade block. By applying nonlinear techniques, we explore whether tourism activity leads – in the long run – to economic growth, or, alternatively, economic expansion drives tourism growth, or indeed a bidirectional relationship exists between the two variables. To this end, non-parametric cointegration and causality tests are applied to quarterly data for the period 1990–2011. We show the existence of a cointegrated relationship between real per capita gross domestic product and tourism expenditure for all countries. Moreover, the linearity of this relation is rejected for both Argentina and Brazil (economies with a relatively diversified structure). The non-parametric causality tests confirm in all cases the causality from tourism to growth. Meanwhile, only for Uruguay and Argentina causality also goes in the inverse direction (from growth to tourism). Finally, the paper compares the results of the nonlinear approach with those obtained by using the traditional linear methodology.

The Solow Model in Discrete Time and Decreasing Population Growth Rate

This paper reformulates the neoclassical Solow-Swan model of economic growth in discrete time by introducing a generic population growth law that verifies the following properties: 1) population is strictly increasing and bounded 2) the rate of growth of population is decreasing to zero as time tends to infinity. We show that in the long run the capital per worker of the model converges to the non-trivial steady state of the Solow Swan model with zero labor growth rate. In addition we prove that the solutions of the model are asymptotically stable.

The Effects on Environmental Investment of Changes in Tourism Demand

In this short paper we analyze the impact of tourist demand in hotel rooms on the investment of hotels on environmental quality. We show that when income of the tourists increases, then to maintain the demand for rooms, the hotels must in-crease the investment on the environmental quality of the region where there is an increment of the tourist activity. In the particular case where we have three differ-ent hotel chains located in three different tourist regions, we show that the incen-tive of hotel chains to invest in environmental quality depends on the demand for days of rest on the part of tourists and on the level of aggregate income. We also show that if total income increase, then the incentive to invest in environmental quality increases in the region where the price of a hotel room is lower.

Tourism Demand and Environmental Investment: A Model with Three Tourist Regions

In this short paper we present a simple model of three tourist regions to study the incentives of hotels to invest in environmental quality. In particular, we show that the price of a hotel room depends positively on the level of investment to preserve the natural characteristics of the region and negatively on the relative investments of the other regions. In this sense, we show that to maintain the tourist demand for rooms the hotels must invest continuously in environmental quality. Regions with low investment in preserving environmental quality have a high probability of disappearing as a tourist destination. We also show that the incentive to invest in environmental quality is a decreasing function of the number of hotels located in a particular region and that the incentive of hotel chains to invest in environmental quality is dependent on whether they are local or international.

The discrete-Time Ramsey model with a decreasing population growth rate: Stability and speed of convergence

This paper studies an extension of the Ramsey growth model of optimal capital accumulation in discrete time by departing from the standard assumption of constant population growth rate. More concretely, this rate is assumed to be decreasing over time and a general population growth law with this characteristic is introduced. In this setup, the model can be represented by a three dimensional dynamical system which admits a unique solution characterized by the Euler equation. It is shown that there is a unique nontrivial equilibrium which is a saddle point. In addition, the speed of convergence to the steady state is characterized.

Regímenes De Desempeño Económico Y Dualismo Estructural En La Dinámica De Las Entidades Federativas De México, 1970-2006 (Regimes of Economic Performance and Structural Dualism in the Dynamics of States of Mexico, 1970-2006)

This paper describes the dynamics of the economic performance of the sub-national Mexican states from 1970 to 2006; the used state variables are the levels and the growth rates of the GDP per capita. The authors situate his approach in a conceptual and methodological panorama of the existent literature. Starting by the regime concept, the paper introduces a distance notion for to compare the observed paths and the clustering of the economies whose evolution is studied. The analysis shows that have existed two fundamental clusters: One of high and another of low performance, in addition of other transitory groups. In the cluster of high performance increases the number of members while in the cluster of low performance diminishes; at the same time, the article shows that the sub-national states that belong to the first cluster have had performances each time more similar. Also it confirms that the subnational states move starting from the cluster of low performance to arrive to the cluster of high performance and that the distance between both clusters has increased. These facts are interpreted basing in the concept of dual economy proposed by the development theory.

Investment on environmental quality of a tourist region.

In this paper we present an economic model to analyze the impact produced by changes of tourists income on the demand for tourist services and on the investments of hotels on environmental quality. The ingredients of the model are an oligopoly tourist market with a vertical product differentiation and a continuum of consumers characterized by their location. We show that the level of environmental quality selected by the hotels depends on the income level of the tourists and that the demand for hotel services depends positively on the level of their own investments to preserve the natural characteristics of the tourist region where they are located.