Juçara Terezinha Paranhos

Brachycerine, a novel monoterpene indole alkaloid from Psychotria brachyceras

Brachycerine (1), an unusual alkaloid from the leaves of Psychotria brachyceras, was characterized through spectroscopic data interpretation and its stereochemistry established by NOE difference techniques. Brachycerine (1) was found to be restricted to shoots in rooted cuttings of P. brachyceras (0.018 +/- 0.004% dry weight), and accumulation was unaffected by root induction treatment with auxin.

Extracts affecting mitotic division in root-tip meristematic cells

Some species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) are important in herbal medicine, where their extracts are used internally for infections of the female reproductive system, bronchitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, skin irritations, tumors, ulcers, and eye disturbances. The antiproliferative and genotoxic effects of Psychotria myriantha Mull. Arg. and P. leiocarpa Cham. et Schlecht infusions on the Allium cepa L. cell cycle were evaluated. The teas were prepared by infusing the leaves in distilled water, in two concentrations: 1.13 mg/mL and 6.78 mg/mL. Three groups of four bulbs were used for each Psychotria species. After the bulbs rooted in distilled water, they were transferred to the teas for 24 hours, except for the control that stayed in water. The rootlets were then collected, fixed in ethanol-acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours, and stored in 70% ethanol. For each group of bulbs, 4000 cells were analyzed, calculating the mitotic indexes, submitting them to statistic analysis, using the χ2 test (p = 0.05). The results showed a decrease in mitotic index with an increase in tea concentration in both species. In P. leiocarpa, the mitotic index values differed significantly between the control and concentration of 6.78 mg/mL (χ2 = 9.863). For P. myriantha, the values referring to the mitotic index differed greatly between the control and the treatments (χ2 = 124.8). With this study, it was determined that P. myriantha and P. leiocarpa infusions possess antiproliferative effects on the A. cepa cell cycle, and teas of P. myriantha also have genotoxic activity.

Regeneração in vitro de Parapiptadenia rigida

The aim of this research is to develop a micropropagation protocol for Parapiptadenia rigida using aseptic seedling explants from in vitro germinated seeds. To the sprout induction, cotyledonary and nodal segments were inoculated in a ½ WPM culture medium containing 0; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0mg L-1 of BAP or KIN. The rooting of sprouted explants was rooted in a ¼ WPM culture medium containing 0; 0.25; 1.0; 1.75mg L-1 of IBA. It was not necessary the addition of cytokinin in medium to induce sprouting in cotyledonary and nodal segments. However, the doses of 0.50mg L-1, independently of cytokinin type, promoted greater size of sprouts and the largest number of leaves per sprout. The highest rooting potential occurred in cotyledonary segments inoculated in medium with 1.0mg L-1 of IBA. The use of this regeneration protocol allows obtaining Parapiptadenia rigida seedlings.

ÍNDICE DE ÁREA FOLIAR DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE ARROZ IRRIGADO

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted on a ALBAQUALF soil of the Vacacai Mapping Unit located on the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria during the 1986/87 growing season. The objective was to observe the conduct of the leaf area index of three irrigated rice varieties (EEA 406, BLUEBELLE and BR-IRGA 409) and with different morphological traits. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications. Treatments were the three varieties. Variety EEA 406 had the highest values the leaf area and leaf area index (LAI), in all the growth stages, followed by varieties BLUEBELLE and BR-IRGA 409. The leaf size was the component that more affected leaf area and leaf area index, for the three varieties.

Acúmulo de massa seca em três cultivares de arroz irrigado com diferentes arquiteturas de plantas

This experiment was carried out in an Halbaqualf soil to study the dry matter accumulation of three flooded rice cultivars. A complete randomized block design was used, with tive replication. Plant dry matter was measured in seven different growth stages. The cultivar EEA 406 had a higherdry matter accumulation than the cultivar Bluebelle without including grain and panicle. At maturity, the BR-IRGA 409 cultivar showed higher total dry matter. This demonstrate a better capacity of this variety in alocating assimilates into grains a higher efficiency in converting solar energy into plant biomass. The Bluebelle had lower efficiency. The dry matter accumulation increased for the three varieties from seeding to flowering into colm and, from flowering to harvest into panicles and grain. The maximum dry matter accumulation in roots was observed at flowering, eighty days after emergency.

SELECTION OF ISOLATES OF TRICHODERMA SPP. IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS OF BEAN CV. CARIOCA AND CONTROL SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM

The aim of this work was isolated from Trichoderma spp. aimed at the survival of seedlings of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. carioca in the presence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, as well promoting growth from that cultivation. The experiment aiming to ex vitro survival of bean plants were used four treatments (presence of isolated IT2, IT3 and IT4 of Trichoderma viride + control without Trichoderma spp.) Plantmax® in inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The experimente has sought to control S. sclerotiorum ex vitro in bean plants, it were employed four treatments (absence and presence of isolated IT2, IT3 and IT4 Trichoderma viride) in substrate Plantmax® inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The experiment in promoting bean plant growth was led in presence and absence of biological powder, from the mixture of three isolates of T. viride (IT2, IT3 and IT4), either in sterilized or not substrate, resulting in four treatments. In two of the studies, the treatments were ordered in outlining purely random, with seven repetitions and three plants in each of them. Isolates IT2, IT3 and IT4 afforded the highest survival rate among the bean plant against White mold (84,56; 65,32; 96,87% and 73,50; 43,17; 96,87% at 21 days and 35 days, respectively) unlike the control treatments (0% and 9,32%, respectively). The misture of the three isolates of T. viride promoted the highest plants, either using sterilized substrate or not (23,69 cm and 20,42 cm, respectively) if compared to the treatments without isolates (13,78 cm and 16,375 cm, respectively). In the presence of biological powder the avarages of dry mass were higher (6,42 and 6,579 g) and different from the sterilized substrate without biological powder (3,98 g). We conclude that the isolates tested T. viride are effective in controlling S. sclerotiorum, presenting higher percentages of bean plants survivors. The mixture of isolates also promotes the growth of seedlings of bean cv. Carioca.

Germinação in vitro de sementes e parâmetros morfofisiológicos de microestacas de Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro seed germination and the morphophysiological parameters of Tabernaemontana catharinensis microcuttings. In the germination bioassays, the seeds were immersed at solutions of 0.0; 300; and 600 mg L-1 GA3 for 24 or 48h. The seedlings from in vitro germination were used to produce microcuttings, which were inoculated in MS growth medium supplemented with 0.0; 1.0; 2.0; and 4.0 mg L-1 of IBA. The use of GA3 did not lead to higher seed germination rates in T. catharinensis and the germination rate was negatively aff ected in seeds exposed to GA3 for longer periods (48h). Rhizogenesis of T. catharinensis microcuttings can be induced without the need for phytoregulators. However, the morphophysiological parameters can be improved with the addition of IBA to the growth medium, showing that the use of IBA potentiates the production of aseptic microcuttings of T. catharinensis.

PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO DE Casearia sylvestris SWARTZ (SALICACEAE)

In order to do an in vitro propagation of Casearia sylvestris , a tree native to Brazilian forests, studies of in vitro seed germination were performed and aseptic seedlings obtained were used as explant donors for micropropagation. Mature and immature seeds, stored for 10 days at 10 or 25°C were inoculated in medium containing 10% of MS salts and kept in the light (a 16-hour photoperiod) or continuous dark, at 25°C. For immature seeds, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was or was not tested at a concentration of 1.5 mg l -1 . From the seedlings obtained, the cotyledon and apical segments were removed and cultured in complete MS medium with five combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA): 0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 0.0; 0025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2 mg L-1, respectively. The aerial shoots formed in vitro were cultured in MS medium containing 0.0 or 1.5 mg L -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for rooting. The highest percentage of germination (60%) occurred in mature seeds exposed to light, regardless of other treatments, and may be considered positive photoblastic. The highest percentage of germination of immature seeds (27%) occurred when previously stored at 10 ° C with or without GA 3 . The induction of aerial shoots was more efficient in apical segments in a medium containing the lowest combination of BAP and NAA or free of these growth regulators. The higher number of roots occurred in aerial shoots obtained from cotyledon segments, with or without IBA. After acclimatization, 83% of the plants survived.

INTEGRAÇÃO E CONVERGÊNCIA DAS TECNOLOGIAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO E INFORMAÇÃO COMO MOTIVADOR NO PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NA DISCIPLINA DE BOTÂNICA AGRÍCOLA

In recent years we have noticed a loss of motivation on the part of students in the undergraduate classroom, reflecting on the teaching staff and negatively discouraging in the teaching/learning process, increasing the number of Deprecations in the disciplines and/or abandonment of the courses in which they are inserted. Thus, the work aimed to Investigate the contribution of conventional Allied pedagogical practices to information and communication technology resources as mediators and motivating in this process to students of undergraduate degree in agronomy from UFSM. The study was carried out in the first half of 2012, in school discipline BLG 1035-Agricultural Botany, with two repetitions (classes 11 and 12), with 21 students each. In the first quarter, the two classes were given the programmatic content of the discipline at the pedagogic project of the course, as well as the evaluations in the conventional way (100% attendance). In the second quarter, the content has been developed as an integrated distance mode in person, mediated by Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) and content assessments had consisted of in-person and virtual activities, with equal weights (50% each). In addition, at the end of the semester, were developed three other forms of evaluations. The two classes had averages above 7.0 on the level of competence and skill of the use of information and communication technology applied to education. As for the use of ICTs as motivating in the teaching-learning process we observed differences in views between the two groups.

EFEITOS DA INTERAÇÃO DE AUXINAS E SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO IN VITRO NA INDUÇÃO DE CALOS A PARTIR DE EMBRIÕES DE ARROZ

SUMMARY A medium for calius development was studied for growing mature embryos of rice (Oryza sativa L), variety BR-IRGA 414, in medium MS with different concentration of synthetic auxins, NAA and 2.4-D (0.5; 1.0; 5.0 e 10.0mg/l). Each concentration had additional treatments including presence and absence of cinetin (0.2mg/l) and of light (cold-white bulb, 4000 lux intensity). The experimental design was completely randomized with three factor and tive replications. The addition of auxins was effective in calius formation but with NAA was not observed positive effects of cinetin and light on calius weight. However, where cinetin was added in dark condition calius weight increased 358%. With 2.4-D, calius weight decreased in presence of light and cinetin.