Julia Drozd

The levels of target resources development in computer systems

The paper considers the resource development levels characterizing the improvement of computer systems and their components. It stresses that the traditional contradictions in the parameters of resources are eliminated with the level increase. The development levels of computer system hardware and software in the processes of both design universalization and specialization and green technology development are estimated.

Effectiveness of matrix and pipeline FPGA-based arithmetic components of safety-related systems

The paper is devoted to design of the digital components for safety-related instrumentation and control systems using the modern CAD tools. Traditionally, the digital components are built with matrix parallelism that reduces fault tolerance of circuits and safety of systems in their checkability. Circuits with bitwise pipeline data processing have advantage in checkability, but are considered as less efficient. Matrix and pipeline methods for multiplying the numbers are compared with respect to the ratio of throughput to complexity. To estimate the relative effectiveness of these methods the resource approach is applied. The obtained estimations are verified experimentally using the multipliers realized on FPGA. Qualitatively, the expected and experimental estimations are consistent, and the reasons of their quantitative deviations are analyzed1.

Green IT Engineering in the View of Resource-Based Approach

State-of-Art and development of Green IT engineering in the view of resource-based approach which analyzes integration of the artificial world created by human into the natural world (NW) are considered. The challenges solved in integration process include problems of the green technologies. The solution is based on achievement of a certain throughput, trustworthiness and investment of resources: models, methods and means. Throughput is aimed at receiving the maximum return from resources, and trustworthiness—at harmonization with the NW. Resources structured under parallelism and fuzziness of the NW show in development three levels: replication, diversification and autonomy. They are serviced by methods improving throughput, trustworthiness and access to resources, respectively. Green technologies as model occupy autonomy level. The used models and methods belong to the level of diversification. Means are built with replication of operational elements. The methods of multiply effect and its focusing on parameters important for green technology are offered. These methods are based on increasing a level of resource development.

The logarithmic checking method for on-line testing of computing circuits for processing of the approximated data

In this paper we present logarithmic checking method for on-line testing of the fixed-point adder, multiplier and divider for processing of the approximated data. The check code as logarithmic estimation of fixed-point number is defined. Check equations, connected check codes of operands and result for operation of addition multiplication and division are proved. The method distinguishes errors, which are essential and non-essential for reliability of calculated results. It allows to lower rejection of authentic results and to raise results check reliability in processing of the approximated data in comparison with the residue checking.

Efficient On-Line Testing Method for a Floating-Point Iterative Array Divider

Summary form only given. This work is a part of research directed towards checking methods development for approximate calculations executed by floating-point circuits in a mantissa unit. The problem of the truncated non-restoring division residue checking is solved. An efficient implementation of truncated division is provided, reducing almost twice the hardware amount and time of an iterative array divider.

Green Experiments with FPGA

The opportunity of the modern CAD and feature of FPGA for development of the power-efficient digital components of computer systems are examined experimentally. Possibilities of a preliminary estimate of energy consumption in the project implemented in Altera FPGA are analyzed. The possibility of an assessment of energy consumption distribution between parts of the project circuit by control of signals activity is shown. Influence of the partial failure of circuits of the general signals on energy consumption of the FPGA circuit is researched. The possibility of monitoring of the general signals in the circuit according to its energy consumption is shown. A problem of the glitches caused by signal races with parasitic transitions leading to essential power losses is considered. The program model developed for an assessment of glitches in the iterative array multiplier shows repeated exceeding of number of parasitic transitions in comparison with the number of functional ones. The matrix parallelism which is widely used in the FPGA circuits is the cornerstone of the problem of glitches. Experiments with FPGA show solution this problem by simplification of array structures in use of additional and natural pipelining and in execution of the truncated operations.

Objects and methods of on-line testing: Main requirements and perspectives of development

This paper is devoted to the development of objects and methods in on-line testing. Requirements imposed to computer systems and on-line testing of their digital components are analyzed in efficiency of use of resources and in restriction of the hidden processes. The low level of execution of these requirements in the modern computer systems and in circuits of on-line testing because of domination of the array structures relating to the bottom level of resource development is shown. Abbreviation of array structures by conversion of the modern computer systems to multithreaded systems of the bitwise pipelines increasing the level in execution of requirements is offered. The methods of their on-line testing estimating value of result and its error are considered.

A resource approach to on-line testing of computing circuits

This paper is devoted to the development of on-line testing the digital circuits of arithmetic units. Analysis of the development is done using the resource approach, which considers the adaptation of the computer world to the features of natural world, including the parallelism and fuzziness. Resource approach justifies the transition of on-line testing from the formation stage, which took place under the sign of the self-checking circuit development in the framework of the exact data processing, to the modern stage, distributing on-line testing for approximate calculations. Resource approach offers the methods of multiple effect including the method of preparing the results that increases the efficiency of on-line testing in both reliability and simplification of the error detection circuits. The increase in the level of resource development leads to multi-threaded data processing on the bitwise pipelines and their scan checking.

Increase in reliability of on-line testing methods using natural time redundancy

This paper addresses to questions of on-line testing for the computing circuits processing the approximate data. A problem of low reliability of on-line testing methods in checking the result is considered. This problem is connected to ignoring the natural time redundancy, which allows detecting the errors produced by the circuit fault during some interval of time. It reduces detection probability of errors, which are essential to reliability of result. The increase of this probability leads to detection of inessential errors and reduces reliability of on-line testing methods. The method of segments checking, which provides check of segments in the calculated result with the error detection probabilities determined by the natural time redundancy, is offered. This method significantly increases reliability in checking the result.