Juliana Altafin Galli

Avaliação da incidência de antracnose, do desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira, para cultivo orgânico, na região centro-norte do Estado de São Paulo

The consumers profile change, allied to the risk of toxic substances contamination, is inducing the search for ecological alternatives of fruits production. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the anthracnose incidence, the development and nutritional status of mango varieties organically cultivated in Pindorama, SP. Seventeen mango varieties were used. The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks, with 17 treatments (varieties) and six replications. The anthracnose severity in leaves was evaluated by a diagrammatic scale, with grades attributed to the symptoms. The growth and development (plant height, stem and crown perimeter) and the nutritional state indicated by leaf analysis were used for evaluation of the varietal behavior. The varieties Bourbon, Rocha and Rosa could be considered very susceptible to anthracnose and IAC 111, Alfa, Beta and Parvin were resistant; the mango varieties presented the same growth pattern; the largest plant heights corresponded to the largest diameters of the stem and crown; the Parvin variety presented the best performance among the varieties in relation to the anthracnose resistance, height and diameter of the stem and crown, and could be recommended for organic cultivation. The Omega and Alfa varieties also presented good development and could be indicated for that cultivation, at least in that initial phase; Surpresa and Rosa varieties did not present good field development in relation to the others, and should not be recommended for the organic cultivation, mainly the variety Rosa, which is quite susceptible to anthracnose. The concentrations of N, P and K were higher in the vegetative phase of the plants, when compared to the low concentration of Ca; there was lack of Boron in all the studied varieties; Rosa variety probably suffered toxicity to the excess of manganese, causing decrease in its development.

Doenças pós-colheita em variedades de manga cultivadas em Pindorama, São Paulo

The present work aims to evaluate the occurrence of postharvest diseases of 15 mango varieties, cultivated in Pindorama, state of Sao Paulo, without chemical products. Fruits were individualized and kept in a humid chamber for 24 h, previously at nine days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of postharvest diseases and the severity of anthracnose were evaluated in three days intervals. At the beginning of the storage period, the fruits were also characterized as to soluble solids and titratable acidity content. Anthracnose was the main disease in the fifteen varieties of mangos, with 100% of incidence one day after harvest, followed by stem-end rot, with average among the varieties of 20.8% at the end of the storage. Smaller anthracnose severity was observed in the Surpresa and Zill varieties, while smaller incidence of the stem-end rot was observed in Winter and Pele de Moca varieties. Correlation analyses among the soluble solid and titratable acidity parameters of the varieties with the intensity of the anthracnose and stem-end rot were just significant only between acidity and anthracnose, before and after the storage period.

Semeadura do híbrido Lyra de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) sob plantio direto

A semeadura mecanizada da mamona (Ricinus communis L.) pode reduzir o tempo de operacao e os custos associados a mao-de-obra, porem a escassez de informacoes nesta area tem prejudicado a adocao correta desta tecnologia. Assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar a regularidade da distribuicao longitudinal de sementes do hibrido Lyra de mamona, em area de plantio direto e sua relacao com rendimento de graos; bem como a viabilidade da aplicacao de cartas de controle para a avaliacao do processo de semeadura, nesta cultura. O ensaio foi conduzido em area comercial de producao de graos de mamona sob plantio direto, sendo avaliadas: distribuicao longitudinal, porcentagens de espacamentos normais, falhos e duplos na linha, numero de planta por metro linear, altura de plantas, altura e comprimento do racemo primario e rendimento de graos. Utilizou-se a estatistica descritiva, a analise de correlacoes e as cartas de controle para a avaliacao dos parâmetros propostos. Ha necessidade de refinamento nas regulagens de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisao para a semeadura do hibrido Lyra de mamona, em areas de plantio direto; a distribuicao longitudinal de sementes de mamona influencia varios parâmetros fitotecnicos, incluindo o rendimento de graos; a aplicacao da carta de controle e uma ferramenta eficiente para a avaliacao do processo de semeadura da mamona.

Fatores climáticos na dinâmica populacional de Anastrepha spp. (diptera: tephritidae) e de Scymnus spp. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) em um pomar experimental de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.)

Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a dinâmica populacional de Anastrepha spp. e de Scymnus spp. em pomar experimental semiorgânico de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.), em Pindorama-SP, na Agencia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegocios (APTA) e correlaciona-la com fatores meteorologicos. Para o levantamento da dinâmica populacional, os especimes foram monitorados com armadilhas adesivas amarelas (25 cm x 9,5 cm), trocadas a cada 15 dias, no periodo de um ano (entre junho de 2009 e junho de 2010). Os insetos foram avaliados e quantificados no Laboratorio de Seletividade Ecologica da UNESP-FCAV em Jaboticabal-SP. Observou-se a ocorrencia de Anastrepha spp. e Scymnus spp. durante todo o periodo de amostragem. Com base nos resultados obtidos e nas condicoes de desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, foram possiveis as seguintes conclusoes: a) Ocorre aumento na densidade populacional de Anastrepha spp. com o aumento das temperaturas minima, media e maxima; b) Os picos populacionais de Anastrepha spp. ocorrem de janeiro a marco e coincidem com o periodo de disponibilidade de frutos maduros no pomar de goiaba; c) Constatam-se as maiores ocorrencias do predador Scymnus spp. no periodo de setembro a dezembro, e as menores ocorrencias, em fevereiro e marco; d) As precipitacoes nao interferem na dinâmica populacional de Anastrepha spp. e de Scymnus spp..

Seca-da-mangueira XXII: sobrevivência de variedades poliembriônicas

A doenca seca-da-mangueira e causada pelo fungo Ceratocystis spp., que provoca a morte de mangueiras em diversos estados brasileiros. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivencia de variedades de mangueira, utilizadas como porta-enxertos, em condicoes de campo e casa de vegetacao. Variedades poliembrionicas de mangueira foram testadas para resistencia a Ceratocystis spp.pelo metodo de inoculacao do fungo via solo, em casa de vegetacao. As plantas sobreviventes foram plantadas como pe-franco na Estacao Experimental de Pindorama (IAC), e as consideradas promissoras foram multiplicadas por enxertia em diversos porta-enxertos. Apos 17 anos do plantio, avaliou-se o numero de plantas mortas e verificou-se que, para o porta-enxerto Manila , considerado resistente, todas as plantas estavam vivas, enquanto Coquinho, considerado suscetivel, apresentou 58,3% de plantas mortas. Dois isolados de C. mangicola M. van Wyk and M.J. Wingf. foram utilizados para avaliar a resistencia das variedades de mangueira, em casa de vegetacao. O patogeno foi cultivado em meio de cultura BDA e transferido para o meio liquido BD. Foram realizadas oito inoculacoes sucessivas, com intervalo minimo de 30 dias. As avaliacoes foram realizadas pelas porcentagens de plantas mortas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, com 15 variedades e quatro repeticoes. O metodo de inoculacao via rega de solo, com 5 mL de inoculo a concentracao de 106 esporos . mL-1 foi eficiente para selecionar porta-enxertos de mangueira resistentes a C. mangicola. As variedades Vitoria, IAC 112, Dura e Bocado mostraram ser resistentes ao isolado de C. mangicola neste experimento. A variedade Juliana apresentou o mesmo nivel de suscetibilidade da variedade Coquinho. Recomenda-se evitar essas duas variedades para uso como porta-enxertos em areas onde ocorre a doenca.

Qualidade de mangas cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. The choice of variety for cultivation should be related with preferences of the consuming market, that include fruits with larger pulp percentage and larger tenor of total soluble solids, properties of great importance for industrial processing and for internal and external markets. The overall quality of fruits from 39 mango varieties (Adams, Alda, Brasil, Cacipura, Carabao, Carrie, Castro, Edward, Eldon, Familia, Foice, Haden, Haden 2H, Haden TR, IAC 10 Bourbon, Itamarati, Joe Welch, Julima, Lima Peru, M20-222 Winter, Mabrooca, Neves, Palmer, Pele de Moca, Petacon, Pope, Regina, Rocha, Rosa, Rubi, Sensation, Smith, Surpresa, Torbet, Torrinha, Uba, Wesley, White Langra and Zill) from the collection of Polo Apta Centro-Norte, located at Pindorama, Sao Paulo State, was appraised, with the objective of gathering information regarding fruits produced in this area. Twenty fruits of each variety were picked ripe traits such as fresh weight, weight of the peel, weight of the pit, pulp, peel and pit percentages, tenor of total soluble solids (SST) and infestation for fruit-flyes were evaluated. A design in randomized blocks was used for the analysis of the data of pulp percentage and SST. Averages were compared by the Tukey test of 5% of probability. Based on results, it can be concluded that the variety Smith stands out for exhibiting fruits with larger total weight (694 g), larger pulp percentage (85,7%), smaller pit percentage (6,3%) and larger tenor of SST (24,9o Brix), adequate for industrial processing and for internal and external markets.

Tratamento fungicida em semente de milho super-doce

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fungicide treatment on the physiological potential and seed health of DO-04 super sweet corn hybrid seeds classified by differences in shape. For this, pure seeds of the DO-04 hybrid harvested in 2004 were used. A completely random design was used in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme, i.e. two seed shape classes (flat and round), three seed lots and four fungicide treatments (untreated seeds, Fludioxonil, Captan TS + Thiabendazol, and Captan TS + Thiram PS). After the fungicide treatments, germination, vigor ( germination speed, cold test, accelerated aging) and seed health tests were performed. Results showed that germination and vigor of round DO-04 hybrid super sweet corn seeds were higher than the flat ones. In addition, combinations of Captan + Thiabendazol and Captan + Thiram were efficient to control F. moniliforme, Cephalosporium sp. and Penicillium sp and were beneficial to seed vigor.

Sobrevivência de patógenos associados a sementes de soja armazenadas durante seis meses

Seeds infected by pathogens in the field can have their health altered during storage, through viability loss. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of storage of soybean seeds in their health quality, inoculated with pathogens in field conditions. The soybean BRS 133, MSoy 6101, Conquista and Lideranca varieties were inoculated, in the field, by pulverization with a spore suspension of two isolates of Colletotrichum dematium var. truncata and Phomopsis sojae. After harvest, seed health tests were carried out, without and with surface disinfection of the seeds with sodium hypochlorite at 1% for 3 min. After this analysis, the seeds were stored in a cold chamber for six months, and seed health tests were newly performed. The results of the work allow concluding that the storage of the seeds in cold chamber, for a period of six months, reduced the incidence of the pathogens Phmopsis sojae and Colletotricum dematium var. truncata in the seeds.

CORRELATION AMONG DAMAGES CAUSED BY YELLOW BEETLE, CLIMATOLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND PRODUCTION OF GUAVA ACCESSES GROWN IN ORGANIC SYSTEM

The objective of this research was evaluate the damage caused by the yellow beetle on 85 guava accessions and correlations of the damage with the climatological elements and the production of fruit in an orchard of guava conducted in organic system. Ten leaves by access were analyzed containing the injury of insect attack. Each leaf had its foliar area measured by leaf area meter and, after obtaining the total area, the leaf was covered with duct tape, and measure again. The averages were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The 15 accessions with highest average damage had the data submitted to the correlation with the minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation and relative humidity. The production was obtained by the number of fruits/plant. The damages are negatively correlated with the mean relative humidity of 7:00h (local time) in the period of 14 days prior to the assessments, and negatively affect production. The accessions Saito, L4P16, Monte Alto Comum 1 and L5P19 are promising in organic agriculture, for presenting good production and minor damage to insect attack, when compared to others.

Doenças pré e pós-colheita em variedades de manga cultivadas em sistema orgânico

The choice of mango variety to be used in an organic production system should be related with phytosanitary limitations, thus the objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of mango varieties cultivated in organic system in relation to the diseases powdery mildew, flower malformation and post harvest diseases. Seventeen mango varieties were evaluated, cultivated in organic system, planted in experimental design in randomized blocks, with 17 treatments and six repetitions. The incidence of flower malformation was determinate through the observation and count of the plants with symptoms of the disease. To evaluate the severity of malformation and powdery mildew were used scales of notes. For the characterization of the post-harvest diseases the severity of the anthracnose was visually evaluated after 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of the fruits harvest. After obtaining the data, the area under the disease progress (AUDP) was calculated. It can be concluded that the Rosa variety is very resistant to the flower malformation; the varieties Bourbon, Espada Stahl, Ataulfo and Beta can be classified as resistant and the variety Lita is the most affected for the disease among the studied varieties. The varieties Omega and Rocha can be considered as resistant to the powdery mildew and the varieties Espada Ouro de Itaparica, Imperial, Lita, Rosa and Uba are the most susceptible. The occurrence of post-harvest diseases was elevated in most of the mango varieties, being the anthracnose the most frequent one, affecting the fruits starting from the first day of storage, followed for the stem-end rot with important occurrence at the end of the storage. The varieties Bourbon Vermelha and Espada Stahl stand out for not presenting stem-end rot and smaller anthracnose severity.