Julião Soares de Souza Lima

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo húmico cultivado com café

The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of chemical attributes of an Oxisol. The experiment was conducted with Coffea arabica L., variety Catuai, at a depth of 0-0.2 m in a grid area totaling 50 points. The studied chemical attributes were: P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Al, pH, H + Al, SB, t, T, V, m, MO, ISNa, equilibrium P and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, followed by principal component with subsequent cluster analysis. The existence of spatial dependence was verified and the degree quantified using the principal components and geostatistics. The method of multivariate analysis based on principal components provided interpretable components; the first were correlated with acidity and the second with soil organic matter. Techniques of multivariate analysis, in combination with geostatistics, facilitated the evaluation of soil variability. The principal components 1 and 2 indicated moderate spatial dependence, with greater spatial continuity in component 1, which allowed a better characterization of soil acidity. Reduced availability of soil nutrients and considerable acidity were observed along the slope, lower levels of organic matter in the center of the area and high Al contents in the upper part.

Variabilidade espacial do fósforo e das frações granulométricas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo

This study was conducted to study the spatial variability of phosphorus, estimating it through cokriging taking as covariables the size fractions of soil. The study was conducted at the experimental farm INCAPER-ES. The soil was sampled in the canopy projection of culture and depth of 0-0.20 meters in a n irregular mesh with 109 points. The data were initially submitted to a descriptive analysis and correlation. Through geostatistics was made the adjustment of the variograms. The P showed significant correlation with the sand and clay fractions indicating that areas with higher concentrations of clay have lower availability of this nutrient. Both fractions have equal performance as co-variable in the estimate of the levels of P in the soil.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão produzidas em solo compactado

2 RESUMO - Os testes de vigor e o teste de germinacao sao componentes essenciais no controle de qualidade das empresas de producao de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiencia de diferentes testes de vigor e de variacoes de suas metodologias na avaliacao da qualidade de sementes de couve-brocolos visando diferenciacao de lotes e previsao de emergencia em bandeja, cinco lotes de sementes do hibrido Florida foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinacao; primeira contagem de germinacao; emissao de raiz primaria (apos 48, 56, 72, 80 e 96 h apos a instalacao do teste de germinacao); emergencia de plântulas em substrato; envelhecimento acelerado com agua (1g de sementes mantidas a 41 o C por 48 e 72 h a 100%UR); envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal (mesmo procedimento do item anterior, porem usando solucao de NaCl, 40% e 76%UR); condutividade eletrica (50 sementes em 25 mL de agua destilada a 25 o C e leituras apos 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 h). Todos os testes apresentaram correlacao significativa com a porcentagem de emergencia de plântulas em substrato, a 1% de probabilidade. Os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal por 48 h e de condutividade eletrica apos 8 e 24 h de embebicao foram eficientes e tiveram resultados semelhantes aos da emergencia em substrato. Os testes da primeira contagem de germinacao, emissao da raiz primaria apos 56 h e envelhecimento acelerado com solucao saturada de sal por 72 h, apresentaram-se mais eficientes que a emergencia de plântulas em substrato na diferenciacao do vigor dos lotes .The purpose of this study was the physiological seed quality, of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, produced in two soil layers, mechanically compacted in the depths of 7.5cm and 15.0cm of the surface vase, in greenhouse. The seeds produced at 7.5cm in the compacted soil layer presented reduction in the germination capacity. In the first germination count, seeds of the cultivar Neguinho produced at 15.0cm in the compacted soil layer, presented germination decrease, while the cultivar Carioca, in the depht of 7.5cm presented higher results. The cultivar Neguinho presented superiority of the Carioca in relation of dry matter and radicle length. The cultivar Neguinho presented smaller 100 seeds weight when they was produced in the depth of 7.5cm.

Amostragem e variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em área de vegetação natural em regeneração

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estimar o numero de subamostras de solo, considerando-se metodos de estatistica classica e geoestatistica, e determinar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos de fertilidade de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, textura argilosa, em uma area de vegetacao natural em processo de regeneracao, no Municipio de Alegre, ES. Amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0-0,20 m, nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha com intervalos regulares de 10 m, perfazendo um total de 64 pontos. Observouse baixo nivel de fertilidade do solo. Considerando uma variacao de 5% em torno da media no metodo da estatistica classica, necessita-se de maior numero de amostras em relacao a geoestatistica. Todos os atributos quimicos apresentaram dependencia espacial de moderada a alta, com excecao da capacidade efetiva de troca cationica (CTCe), que apresentou efeito pepita puro. O modelo de semivariograma que mais se ajustou aos dados foi o esferico. Os mapas de isolinhas permitiram visualizar a distribuicao espacial diferenciada dos teores dos atributos quimicos do solo.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado em plantio direto

The objective was to assess the extent and intensity of the spatial dependence of the fertility of a Red-Yellow Latosol, cultivated under a non-tillage system, by using both geo-statistical techniques and multivariate statistics. The experiment was conducted in an area planted with soybeans under a non-tillage system, in the city of Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil. The soil was sampled at depths of 0-0.05m and 0.05-0.15m, in a sampling grid with 44 points. The attributes evaluated were the pH of CaCl2, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, H+Al, CEC, BS, V and MO. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, followed by principal component analysis, in order to generate components which would explain most of the variations in the attributes. Geo-statistics was used to check and quantify the degree of spatial dependence, using the principal components. Multivariate analysis, associated with the geo-statistical analysis, showed satisfactory results for the spatial distribution of fertility. Organic matter showed greater spatial continuity due to the characteristics of the no-tillage system. In general, the area presented low fertility for the cultivation of soybeans, as well as different patterns of spatial distribution between layers.

Estudo da fertilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo húmico sob cultivo de café arábica por meio de geoestatística

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fertlity of a humic Red-Yellow Latosol under cultivation of Arabic coffee, using uni and multivariate geoestatistics. The study was carried out in an area cultivated with Coffea arabica L. var. Catuai, in a grid area totaling 50 points. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0 - 0.2 m and the attributes P, K, Ca, Mg, clay, sand and silt were evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive and exploratory statistics, and then by geoestatistics techniques. The attributes were interpolated by ordinary kriging and cokriging. The soil had, overall, low fertility. The use of sand to estimate K values led to overestimation of this nutrient in the regions highest area and underestimation in the lowest areas. Estimation of Mg as a function of silt provided a more representative map of its distribution with less error.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE CAFÉ CONILON PROPAGADAS VEGETATIVAMENTE EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO

O cafe conilon (Coffea canephora) e uma cultura de grande importância na agricultura brasileira e ocupa posicao de destaque entre os produtos de exportacao. O cafeeiro pode ser conduzido em ambientes de baixa luminosidade, pois apresenta uma baixa irradiância de saturacao. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de cafe conilon em diferentes niveis de sombreamento e a luz plena. O experimento foi realizado no CCA-UFES, Alegre/ES, no ano de 2005, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repeticoes por tratamento, sendo as parcelas constituidas de 15 plantas, sendo 5 uteis. Os tratamentos constituiram de diferentes niveis de sombreamento (30%, 50%, 75%) e luz plena. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: Altura das mudas, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aerea, volume de raiz e area foliar. Dentre os parâmetros avaliados, apenas o diâmetro do caule nao foi influenciado pelos diferentes niveis de sombreamento, sendo que, para os demais parâmetros avaliados, maiores valores foram encontrados com 75% de sombreamento. A partir dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a 75% de sombreamento as plantas do cafe conilon apresentam crescimento vegetativo maior em relacao aos demais niveis.

Estudo da viabilidade de métodos geoestatísticos na mensuração da variabilidade espacial da dureza da madeira de paraju (Manilkara sp)

This work aimed at analyzing the feasibility of geostatic methodology in estimating the spatial pattern of paraju (Manilkara sp) wood hardness. The studied timber piece dimensions were 25 x 7 x 75 cm in width, thickness and length respectively. The two sides of the piece were divided in regular 2.5 x 2.5 cm grids comprising nine rows and twenty nine columns, totaling two hundred sixty one cells. The hardness essay was based on the Janka method with the force applied in the middle of each cell. Data were examined by descriptive statistical analyses, geostatistic and krigage interpolation. The variation coefficients were low. Spatial for wood hardness dependence was found in both sides, with higher values in side A of the piece. It was concluded that this method has practical use for providing information on sampling of timber pieces, however, there is need for further studies.

Métodos geoestatísticos no estudo da resistência do solo à penetração em trilha de tráfego de tratores na colheita de madeira

This work was carried out to evaluate soil penetration resistance (SPR) in a transversal section of the traffic trail of the tractors Feller-buncher and Skidder during wood harvesting. Geostatistic techniques were used to determine spatial dependence and kriging interpolation. Semivariogram models were fit to determine spatial dependence before traffic and after cutting and skidding. The SPR variation coefficient in the trail reduced with traffic. The result showed a moderate SPR spatial dependence in the soil section before and after cutting,with the spherical model being adjusted. The linear model was adjusted to semivariance after wood skidding, indicating the need to use a larger grid to represent the continuity of the attribute. The geostatistic methodology was found to be a good tool to estimate the values in non-sampled points and in SPR contour map building.

Produção de mudas de essências florestais em diferentes substratos e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento em campo

This experiment was installed with the aim of evaluating the substrates effect with different chemical and physical characteristics in the formation of seedling of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (cedro rosa), Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (eucalipto), Acacia holocericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don (acacia) and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeirinha) produced in tubes of 55 cm3. The substrates had been constituted of several combinations of the following materials: humus of earthworm, tanned cattle manure, fertilizer of hen, turf, rind of processed peanut, carbonized rind of rice, coffee straw. The experimental outline used was entirely randomized. The morphologic parameters of seedling and their relations were evaluated. The pits were filled with two types of fertilization: cattle manure and cattle manure + conditioning of soil in field. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the test of average (Newman-Keuls 5%). The results obtained in the nursery stage that can be recommended for production of seedlings of the studied essences were the base substrates of earthworm humus, peanut peel processed and peat. In the field stage, except for the species acacia, for the variable height of the plants, the fertilization with cattle manure + conditioning of soil was the best for all the appraised variables, providing better development of the seedlings in relation to the fertilization with cattle manure only.