Júlio Sancho Linhares Teixeira Militão

Componentes primários e secundários do rendimento de óleo de pinhão-manso

The definition of the most suitable plant selection criteria is especially important for Jatropha curcas L. as subsidies the genetic progress estimates and the ideotype characterization, described in terms of the traits that are thought to enhance genetic yield potential. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of seven vegetative traits and four seed quality traits on J. curcas oil yield. The traits grain yield and the weight of the nuts showed direct and positive effect on the oil yield. The tree volume showed the major indirect and positive effect on the main variable through grain yield. The development of J. curcas with higher oil yield in the evaluated population has to consider the selection of plants with higher yield and tree volume, maintaining the variability of the grain quality traits.

Arjunolic Acid in the Ethanolic Extract of Combretum leprosum Root and its Use as a Potential Multi-Functional Phytomedicine and Drug for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Anti- Inflammatory and Anticholinesterasic Activities

Combretum leprosum Mart. & Eicher (Combretaceae) leaves and roots ethanolic extracts were investigated by HRGC-MS and showed mono- and oligosaccharides, fatty acids and triterpenes as major compounds after derivatization with BSTFA/ TMCS. Arjunolic acid (1) was quantified on dried roots ethanolic extract (65%) by external standard. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticholinesterasic (AChE and BuChE) activities were observed for roots ethanolic extract of C. leprosum and arjunolic acid, suggesting both as promising targets for the development of innovative multi-functional medicines for Alzheimer desease treatment.

Constituintes químicos fixos e voláteis dos talos e frutos de Piper tuberculatum Jacq. e das raízes de P. hispidum H. B. K.

ABSTRACT The essential oils of the fruits and fine stems of Piper tuberculatum and of the roots of P. hispidum , collected in the state of Rondonia, had been gotten by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Caryophyllene oxide - 32,1% in fruits and 26,6% in fine stem, and ( E )-caryophyllene - 17,7% in fruits and 12,3% in fine stems, were identified as the major constituents in such parts of P. tuberculatum . In the essential oil of the roots of P. hispidum , dillapiol (57,5%), elemicine (24,5%) and apiole (10,2%) were identified as the most abundant constituents. From the ethanolic extract of the fruits of P. tuberculatum , the steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, the amides piplartine and dihidropiplartine and the derivative of the cinâmico acid 3,4,5-trimethoxy-dihidrocinâmic acid were isolated. KEY WORDS: Piperaceae, Piper tuberculatum, Piper hispidum, essential oil, amides. 1 Universidade Federal de Rondonia, vfacundo@unir.br 2 Universidade Federal de Rondonia, xpolli@hotmail.com

Leaf oils of two Brazilian Piper species: Piper arboreum Aublet var. latifolium (C.DC) Yuncker and Piper hispidum Sw

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the leaf oils of Piper arboreum var. latifolium and P. hispidum were analyzed by a combination of GC/MS, 13C-NMR and Kovats indices. The main constituents found in the oil of P. hispidum were γ-cadinene (25.13%), camphene (15.61%), γ-guaiene (11.47%) and γ-elemene (10.88%). The oil of P. arboreum var. latifolium showed a high yield of germacrene D (72.87%)

Eficiência da seleção para incremento do teor de óleo do pinhão-manso

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) grain quality traits and to quantify the genetic progress with selection. Seed oil content, and seed, kernel, and shell weights of 120 plants, randomly selected in a commercial planting, were evaluated at 36 and 48 months. Genetic progress was quantified by the evaluation of direct gains and by the use of selection indexes. The genotype x measurement interaction was significant for all evaluated traits; therefore, there are genotypes with different behavior in the two cropping seasons. The genetic parameters indicated a higher proportion of genotypic variation in the expression of the evaluated traits, and a trend of the genotypes to maintain their genetic superiority over time was observed. The genotype-ideotype selection index resulted in higher genetic gains and promoted a more balanced alteration in the trait means. The direct selection for kernel weight results in genetic gains similar to those obtained with the use of the selection indexes.

Seasonal Variation of (E)-Nerolidol in Siparuna guianensis Aublet and 13C-NMR Spectral Assignments of (E)- and (Z)-Nerolidol

Abstract The essential oil of Siparuna guianensis Aublet leaves collected during different months of the year were analyzed by GC/MS. (E)-Nerolidol was the major component of the oil of S. guianensis, collected in June during flowering. A large seasonal variation in the nerolidol content (0-99–3%) of S. guianensis oil was observed.

Essential Oil of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz) Walk

ABSTRACT The essential oil of Conyza sumatrensis (Retz) Walk, an endemic species of Amazon forest, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, has been analyzed by GC/MS, Kovats indices and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Lachnophyllum ester, an acetylenic compound was found to be the major component of the oil.

Essential oil of Acanthospermum australe DC

Abstract The oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Acanthospermum australie DC was analyzed by a combination of GC/MS, retention indices and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The major components found in the oil were β-caryophyllene (16.0%), β-elemene (14.4%), γ-cadinene (13.0%), germacrene A (10.1%) and δ-cadinene (5.5%).

Screening of the in vitro antileishmanial activities of compounds and secondary metabolites isolated from Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae) chichuá Amazon

INTRODUCTION Maytenus guianensis is a member of the Celastraceae family that is used in traditional medicine, particularly for its anti-parasitic and anti-cancer effects. To explore the ethnopharmacological potential of this plant, the present study was designed to screen the in vitro antileishmanial activities of extracts and compounds isolated from M. guianensis. METHODS Maytenus guianensis stems and leaves were extracted in acetone, followed by the preparation of eluates and isolation of secondary metabolites using chromatography on a glass column with silica gel as the fixed phase. The chemical components were identified using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen-1 and carbon-13, mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities of these eluates and compounds were evaluated by direct promastigote counting and viability assays. RESULTS It was found that the hexane bark eluate produced the strongest anti-L. amazonensis effect, with 90-100% inhibition of the promastigote form. The isolated metabolite that produced the best result was tingenone B, followed by a compound formed by the union of tingenone and tingenone B (80-90% inhibition). CONCLUSIONS Maytenus guianensis shows anti-parasite activity that warrants further investigation to determine the mechanisms underlying this antileishmanial effect and to evaluate the pharmacological potential of these eluates and isolated secondary metabolites, while minimizing any adverse effects.

MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE BARK OF MAYTENUS GUIANENSIS KLOTZSCH EX REISSEK (CELASTRACEAE)

Maytenus guyanensis Klotzsch ex Reissek e uma arvore endemica de terra firme, encontrada em algumas areas da floresta Amazonica sendo conhecida popularmente como chichua. Na medicina popular e utilizada para o uso topico como agente antitumoral em câncer de pele e, tambem, para o tratamento de feridas. Assim, este trabalho visa avaliar o potencial biologico das substâncias isoladas das cascas de M. guianensis sobre bacterias. As cascas foram coletadas na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke em Manaus-AM. Posteriormente, foram devidamente secas e trituradas, sendo submetidas a extracao em aparelho de Soxhlet com diferentes solventes de acordo com grau de polaridade. As substâncias isoladas foram diluidas com DMSO a 2% e para avaliar o potencial biologico sobre as bacterias, utilizou-se a tecnica de menor concentracao inibitoria. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com duas repeticoes por tratamento. A avaliacao teste consistiu em medir o crescimento das colonias das bacterias, apos 24 e 48 horas do inicio do experimento. Os resultados obtidos das substâncias isoladas de M. guianensis apresentaram na grande maioria efeito inibitorio contra duas das quatro bacterias testadas com concentracoes variando de 250 a 1,95 μg/mL notando-se absorbância do crescimento bacteriano satisfatorios. Os resultados sinalizam o potencial antimicrobiano dessa planta, podendo ser promissoras para estudos de desenvolvimento de novos farmacos sendo relevante a continuidade destes ensaios com outras cepas de bacterias.