Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti

First report of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) infection by Trypanosoma rangeli.

INTRODUCTION This study reports for the first time the infection of Rhodnius montenegrensis by Trypanosoma rangeli. METHODS The triatomines were manually collected in Attalea speciosa in the municipality of Buritis, Rondônia. The identification of the trypanosomatid species was confirmed by multiplex PCR. RESULTS All of the collected triatomines were R. montenegrensis. The analysis confirmed that all of the adults were infected with the epimastigote form of T. rangeli. CONCLUSIONS This report of a new vector of T. rangeli raises a warning for the State of Rondônia because the simultaneous presence of T. rangeli with T. cruzi in the same geographic region enables the occurrence of mixed infections in hosts and vectors, which complicates the differential diagnosis.

First report of Rhodnius stali (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the State of Acre and in the Brazilian Amazon.

INTRODUCTION This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of Rhodnius stali in the state of Acre and in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Specimens of R. stali were collected by the Federal University of Acre in Rio Branco. RESULTS The number of Triatominae species in the State of Acre increased from five to six. This was also the first report of R. stali in the Brazilian Amazon. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of R. stali is worrisome, since this species has been found naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and there has been evidence of its domiciliation capabilities.

Adaptation of the Micronucleus Technique in Allium Cepa, For Mutagenicity Analysis of the Jamari River Valley, Western Amazon, Brazil

This study aimed to make technique adjustment of micronuclei in Allium cepa, recommended by Fiskejo [1], by replacing methanol and Giemsa by triarilmetano the 0,1%, xantenos the 0,1% and tiazinas the 0,1%. We obtained good results with the replacement, as its efficiency in stain nucleic acids, obtaining a good visualization of cells, mitotic index, micronuclei, anaphase and telophase bridges, and this methodology is indicated in future examinations of mutagenicity in the river Vale do Jamari.

Análise Citotóxica e Mutagênica do Extrato Aquoso de Maytenus Guyanensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (celastraceae) Chichuá (xixuá) Amazônico

O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma analise citotoxica e mutagenica do extrato aquoso de Maytenus guyanensis . Os metodos utilizados foram: indice mitotico, germinacao dos meristemas e analise de micronucleo em A.cepa . Constatou-se que o extrato aquoso da entrecasca M. guianensis nas concentracoes de 3,85 e 38,5 mg/mL nao apresenta acao citotoxica e mutagenica, e ainda atuam como anticitotoxico e antimutagenico. O tratamento de 77mg/mL demonstrou ter acao citotoxica, e anticitotoxica na presenca de paracetamol, essa concentracao nao demonstrou acao mutagenica e antimutagenica. A concentracao de 192mg/mL demonstrou se citotoxica e mutagenica.

First report of Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the State of Acre and Brazilian Western Amazon

INTRODUCTION The occurrence of Triatoma sordida in the Brazilian Western Amazon is reported for the first time. METHODS Triatoma sordida specimens were collected from a Gallus gallus nest in a peridomiciliary area of Senador Guiomard municipality in the state of Acre. RESULTS The number of triatomine species in Acre increased from six to seven with this first report of T. sordida in the Brazilian Western Amazon. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of T. sordida in Acre is of concern since it is among the most captured triatomines in peridomiciliary environments in Brazil, and carries a high potential for vector transmission.

First report of Panstrongylus lignarius , Walker, 1873 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: This study reports, for the first time, the presence of Panstrongylus lignarius in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. METHODS: Specimen of P. lignarius was collected from a flat in an urban area of the municipality of Porto Velho, Western Amazon. RESULTS: With this finding of P. lignarius, the number of Triatominae species in the State of Rondonia has increased from six to seven. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of P. lignarius is worrisome, because this species has been found to be naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and there has been evidence of its domiciliation capabilities in other countries of South America.

Screening of the in vitro antileishmanial activities of compounds and secondary metabolites isolated from Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae) chichuá Amazon

INTRODUCTION Maytenus guianensis is a member of the Celastraceae family that is used in traditional medicine, particularly for its anti-parasitic and anti-cancer effects. To explore the ethnopharmacological potential of this plant, the present study was designed to screen the in vitro antileishmanial activities of extracts and compounds isolated from M. guianensis. METHODS Maytenus guianensis stems and leaves were extracted in acetone, followed by the preparation of eluates and isolation of secondary metabolites using chromatography on a glass column with silica gel as the fixed phase. The chemical components were identified using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen-1 and carbon-13, mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities of these eluates and compounds were evaluated by direct promastigote counting and viability assays. RESULTS It was found that the hexane bark eluate produced the strongest anti-L. amazonensis effect, with 90-100% inhibition of the promastigote form. The isolated metabolite that produced the best result was tingenone B, followed by a compound formed by the union of tingenone and tingenone B (80-90% inhibition). CONCLUSIONS Maytenus guianensis shows anti-parasite activity that warrants further investigation to determine the mechanisms underlying this antileishmanial effect and to evaluate the pharmacological potential of these eluates and isolated secondary metabolites, while minimizing any adverse effects.

Análise genotóxica e antiparasitária de extratos e substâncias isoladas de Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae), Chichuá (Xixuá) amazônico

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Experimental da Universidade Federal de Rondonia, como requisito para a obtencao do titulo de Doutor em Biologia Experimental. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Valdir Alves Facundo.

First report of Rhodnius neglectus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from the State of Acre, Brazil, and the Brazilian Western Amazon Region

INTRODUCTION This communication reports the occurrence of Rhodnius neglectus in the State of Acre, Brazil. METHODS An adult male R. neglectus specimen was collected from the Catuaba Experimental Reserve, which is located in the municipality of Senador Guiomard. RESULTS This increases the number of triatomine species reported from the State of Acre to eight and is also the first report of R. neglectus from the Brazilian Western Amazon Region. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of R. neglectus is alarming because even though the species is wild, it can invade and colonize human dwellings and peridomiciles, thereby increasing Chagas disease transmission.

Antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis Klotzsch ex Reissek (Celastraceae) Chichuá Amazon

INTRODUCTION This aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis, a plant species used in Amazonian folk medicine. METHODS A disk diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial potential. RESULTS The hexanic fractions and tingenone B isolate showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antibacterial potential of this species and will enable future studies to identify novel therapeutic alternatives from this species.