Julio Viégas

Milk production, intake, digestion, blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of cows supplemented with by-products from the biodiesel industry.

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestion, blood parameters, and feeding behavior of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Gir) managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1 and provided supplementation with groundnut cake, sunflower cake, or palm kernel cake (to replace soybean meal). Sixteen cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with four treatments and four experimental periods. The consumption of nutrients from the pasture did not vary between experimental treatments. Cows receiving the palm kernel cake supplement had a reduced crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrient intake and an increase in the average consumption of ether extract. There was also a reduction in the digestibility of dry matter. The inclusion of supplements in the diet did not influence the average time spent eating, ruminating, or resting. The mean values of respiratory and heart rates showed thermal comfort during the trial period. There was a reduction in blood urea nitrogen with palm kernel cake supplementation, and the values of total protein, albumin, and glucose were also significantly different with this supplement. It is recommended that cakes of groundnut cake and sunflower cake seed be used for a total replacement of soybean meal supplements for lactating cows, but the use of palm kernel cake is not recommended.

Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de condimentos frente a Staphylococcus spp isolados de mastite caprina

The antimicrobial activity of some essencial oils was evaluated as follows: Origanum vulgare (oregano), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Salvia officinalis (sage), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Ocimum basilicum (basil), as well as the majority constituents carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde and cineole against 33 Staphylococcus spp isolates from herds of dairy goats. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for each isolate by using broth microdilution method. Antimicrobial activity observed on the essencial oils of oregano, mexican oregano, thymus, well as to majoritary constituents of carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde. The descending order of antimicrobial activity were oregano = thyme > mexican oregano. The majority constituents carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde presented themselves more active than the verified by the essencial oils. The majority constituents, carvacrol and cinnomaldehyde were equally more active than thymol.

Componentes do peso vivo e órgãos viscerais de bezerros machos de origem leiteira ao nascimento, 50 e 110 dias de vida

The work was carried out to evaluate the to growth in kg and in relation to live weight (% LW) and to empty body weight (% EBW) of the viscera and other corporal components with increase of the age of Holstein male calves. Eighteen animals distributed in three slaughter age (six at birth, six at 50 days and six at 110 days of age), weighing between 30 and 100 kg LW or 27.57 and 74.27 kg EBW were slaughtered. After the slaughter, the viscera and corporal components were retired and heavy. Data were submitted to a correlation and regression analyses. An increment of absolute weight was observed of the viscera and other components of the live weight in agreement with the increase of LW and EBW, in intense way to the 50 days and moderated of the 50 to the 110 days of age. However, there was a decreased of the relative weight (% LW and % EBW) in accordance that the animals grew, for the stomach, intestines and content gastrintestinal relative weight that stayed growing until the 110 days of age.

Desenvolvimento de Estômago de Bezerros Holandeses Desaleitados Precocemente 1

The present work was carried out to evaluate the growth of stomach compartments of early weaned Holstein calves. The animals were fed concentrates and hay from the second and third week of age respectively. Eighteen animals were allotted to a completely randomized design, with three treatments (slaughter age). Six calves were slaughtered at birth, at 50 days at 110 days of age; the stomachs were withdrawn and the weight and volume of each compartment measured. Data were submitted to correlation and regression analysis through the SAS statistical program, (1996). An increase of the capacity of all the stomachs compartments was verified with the progress of the age of the calves, but with growth rates differentiated among the compartments. The increase of the reticulo- rumen growth and the decrease of the abomasum growth with increase of age were observed. Up to 50 days of age the proportion of the reticulo-rumen and abomasum stomach compartments was changed, but the omasum maintained a constant rhythm of development.

Composição botânica e estrutural e valor nutricional de pastagens de azevém consorciadas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of species intercropped with ryegrass on the botanical and structural composition and the nutritional values of pastures in an agroecological transition system. It was evaluated ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercropped with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & Gregory). It was used a complete random design with three treatments and three repetitions. The first grazing was done 21 days after emergence of the plants on the pastures with ryegrass and black oats and ryegrass and forage peanuts and 28 days after emergence on the pasture of ryegrass + white clover. The second grazing, on the pasture with ryegras + black oats, occurred 30 days after the first one, whereas on the other pastures, grazing occurred 37 days later. The rates of dry matter (DM) accumulation, from the beginning of period of exclusion until maximal production of dry matter were: 77.7; 75.0 and 71.3 kg/ha/day of DM for the pastures intercropped with white clover, forage peanut and black cover, respectively. Leaf/culm ratio until second grazing, was high on all pastures. Reduction on contents of crude protein according to exclusion days on ryegrass + black oat pasture is lower than on pastures of ryegrass intercropped with white clover or forage peanut.Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influencia de especies em consorcio com azevem sobre a composicao botânica e estrutural e o valor nutritivo dos pastos em um sistema de transicao agroecologica. Foi avaliada a cultura do azevem (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) consorciada com aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), trevo-branco (Trifolium repens L.) e amendoim-forrageiro (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & Gregory). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos e tres repeticoes. O primeiro pastejo foi realizado 21 dias apos a emergencia das plantas nas pastagens de azevem + aveia-preta e azevem + amendoim-forrageiro e 28 dias apos a emergencia na pastagem de azevem + trevo-branco. O segundo pastejo na pastagem de azevem + aveia-preta ocorreu 30 dias apos o primeiro pastejo, enquanto nas demais pastagens ocorreu 37 dias depois. As taxas de acumulo de materia seca (MS) do inicio do periodo de exclusao ate o pico de producao de MS foram de 77,7; 75,0 e 71,3 kg/ha/dia de MS para as pastagens consorciadas com trevo-branco, amendoim-forrageiro e aveia-preta, respectivamente. A razao folha/colmo ate o segundo pastejo foi elevada em todas as pastagens. A reducao dos teores de PB conforme os dias de exclusao no pasto de azevem + aveia-preta e menor que nos pastos de azevem consorciado com trevo-branco ou amendoim-forrageiro.

Fatty acid profiles of milk and Minas frescal cheese from lactating grazed cows supplemented with peanut cake.

Milk and Minas frescal cheese were evaluated from crossbred Holstein × Gir cows that were fed diets enriched with 0, 33, 66 and 100% inclusion levels of palm kernel cake in a concentrated supplement in replace of soybean meal. Eight crossbred lactating cows were distributed (four animals × four treatments × four periods) in the experimental design of double 4 × 4 Latin squares. The capric (C : 10, P = 0.0270), undecylic (C : 11, P = 0.0134), and lauric (C : 12, P = 0.0342) saturated fatty acid concentrations and CLA (C18 : 2c9t11, P = 0.0164) of the milk fat decreased linearly with an increasing percentage of peanut cake in the diet. The increased peanut cake content (100%) in the diet was associated with a linear decrease in C : 10 (P = 0.0447), C : 12 (P = 0.0002), mirystic (C : 14, P 0.05) ratios were not influenced by the different peanut cake levels. The inclusion of up to 100% peanut cake as a substitution for soybean meal in the concentrate of grazing lactating cows resulted in changes in the nutritional quality of their milk products, as indicated by the increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the decrease of saturated fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic).

Silagem de cereais de inverno submetidos ao manejo de duplo propósito

The objective of this research was to evaluate the silage of 12 genotypes of six species of double purpose winter cereals (forage and grains) submitted to harvest at Depressao Central region of Rio Grande do Sul state. Species and genotypes tested were: BRS 277, BRS Guatambu, BRS Taruma and BRS Umbu wheat; Agro Zebu, UPFA 21 - Moreninha and Commom black-oat; UPF 18 white oat; BR 1 and BRS Serrano rye; BRS Marciana barley; and BRS 148 triticale. Genotypes were submitted to tree harvests with the objective to simulate grazing, according to double purpose management. After the third harvest, the development of cultures was permitted for silage production. The genotypes were distributed in 36 experimental plots in a completely randomized experimental design with 12 treatments (genotypes) and three replications (plots). Silages were made in PVC experimental silos when forages achieved phenological stage of soft dough. Fermentative parameters, dry matter production, structural and botanical composition of ensilage material and nutritive value of silages were determined. BR 1 rye and UPF 18 white oat presented the highest dry matter yield. BRS Umbu wheat produced silage with higher grain participation and better nutritive value. All genotypes presented satisfactory conditions for ensilage

Activity of essential oils from spices against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis

., 2011) (have been described. Essential oils (EO) are classified as GRAS (generally regarded as The essential oil of safe), show antibacterial proprieties and resistance has not been reported after prolonged exposure. Then, the investigation of their antimicrobial activity against bacterial agents of mastitis is justifiable. In this context, this study aimed to: a) evaluate the

Performance and behavior of dairy calves fed diets containing milk and citric flavor agents

Enquanto ruminantes jovens preferem aroma de leite e pesquisas sobre este tema sao desenvolvidas, o uso de aroma citrico, muito apreciado por ruminantes adultos, e pouco utilizado para animais jovens. Portanto, com este trabalho visou-se comparar a influencia de aromas lacteo e citrico nas dietas de bezerros na fase de aleitamento. Neste experimento foram utilizados 12 animais da raca Holandesa, distribuidos em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quarto tratamentos (concentrado sem palatabilizante e concentrado com palatabilizante lacteo, citrico e lacteo mais citrico) e tres repeticoes. Foram avaliados o consumo de materia seca do concentrado (CMSC), do feno (CMSF), do leite (CMSL) e do total (CMST), ganho medio diario (GMD), conversao alimentar (CA), peso inicial (PI) e final (PF), perimetro toracico inicial (PTI) e final (PTF), perimetro abdominal inicial (PAI) e final (PAF), altura de cernelha inicial (ACI) e final (ACF) e o comportamento animal. O CMSC, CMSF e CMST nao apresentaram diferencas da mesma forma que as mensuracoes de PI, PF, PTI, PTF, PAI, PAF, ACI e ACF. O ganho medio diario e a conversao alimentar nao foram diferentes, obtendo-se medias de 0,55 kg/animal e 2,09, respectivamente. As dietas tambem nao influenciaram os parâmetros de comportamento animal (P>0,05).

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de peso de bezerros machos de origem leiteira do nascimento aos 110 dias de idade

The work was carried out to evaluate the body composition and the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of dairy calves in the beginning of the productive life were determined. Eighteen Holstein bulls calves at newly born to 110 days of age weighing between 30 and 100 kg were used. Six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (to birth) and other twelve animals were full fed until a pre-established slaughter of age. Six animals were slaughtered when completed 50 days and six when completed 110 days of age. Regression analysis of the logarithm of protein, fat and energy corporal amount in function of the empty body weight (EBW) logarithm were fitted. The net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain were obtained by derivation of the prediction equations of corporal composition. The body content of protein, fat and energy increased in according to the LW increase. The net requirements of protein and energy for empty body weight gain (EBWG) increased as the empty body weight changes from 27.57 to 74.27 kg. The net requirements changed from 200.60 to 229.21 g/kg EBWG for protein, from 1.93 to 2.99 Mcal/kg EBWG for energy.